Thumbnail Image

Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

Browse

201820
Reset filters
End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 20
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENE ACTION FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN URDBEAN [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-18) Patial, Ranjana; Mittal, R.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on gene action for seed yield and its related traits in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for seed yield and component traits in urdbean. The experimental material comprised of 81 triple test cross progenies developed by mating 27 lines with three testers viz., HPBU-111 (L1), Him Mash-1(L2) and F1 of HPBU-111and Him Mash-1 (L3). These F1’s along with their parents were raised in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2017. Data were recorded and analysed for 12 agro-morphological traits. Sufficient variability was observed in the TTC progenies for all the traits studied. Epistasis was found to be an integral part of genetic variation for all of the traits under study. ‘i’ type epistatic interaction estimates were significant for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 100 seed weight. Whereas, ‘j+l’ type interaction was significant for all the traits. Both additive and dominant components were significant for all the traits; where additive and dominance components were of almost equal magnitude for pod length, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight indicating the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene action and additive component being more pronounced for rest of the traits indicating the relative importance of fixable type of gene action in their inheritance. Combining ability estimates showed significant genetic variance in lines for all traits whereas testers had significant genetic variance for nine traits. Lines IC-436910, IC-413306, IC-IC-398973 and IC-343885 were found to be good general combiners for most of the traits. Crosses IC-343885 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-436910 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-413306 x Him Mash-1 (G x P) and IC-343943 x HPBU-111(P x G) were potential crosses on the basis of SCA estimates, mid parent heterosis, better parent heterosis and standard heterosis for seed yield and most of the traits. With regards to the Comparison of ТГС and L x T, the former is advantageous in providing an unambiguous test for the presence of epistasis, while the latter provides additional information, particularly with regard to the gca and sca effects and variances, helping breeders in the choice of better parents. Hence, both these designs should be applied together in order to have concrete information about the genetic architecture of economic traits in any crop.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENE ACTION FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS IN URDBEAN [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-18) Patial, Ranjana; Mittal, R.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on gene action for seed yield and its related traits in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for seed yield and component traits in urdbean. The experimental material comprised of 81 triple test cross progenies developed by mating 27 lines with three testers viz., HPBU-111 (L1), Him Mash-1(L2) and F1 of HPBU-111and Him Mash-1 (L3). These F1’s along with their parents were raised in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2017. Data were recorded and analysed for 12 agro-morphological traits. Sufficient variability was observed in the TTC progenies for all the traits studied. Epistasis was found to be an integral part of genetic variation for all of the traits under study. ‘i’ type epistatic interaction estimates were significant for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 100 seed weight. Whereas, ‘j+l’ type interaction was significant for all the traits. Both additive and dominant components were significant for all the traits; where additive and dominance components were of almost equal magnitude for pod length, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight indicating the importance of both additive and dominance type of gene action and additive component being more pronounced for rest of the traits indicating the relative importance of fixable type of gene action in their inheritance. Combining ability estimates showed significant genetic variance in lines for all traits whereas testers had significant genetic variance for nine traits. Lines IC-436910, IC-413306, IC-IC-398973 and IC-343885 were found to be good general combiners for most of the traits. Crosses IC-343885 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-436910 x HPBU-111 (G x G), IC-413306 x Him Mash-1 (G x P) and IC-343943 x HPBU-111(P x G) were potential crosses on the basis of SCA estimates, mid parent heterosis, better parent heterosis and standard heterosis for seed yield and most of the traits. With regards to the Comparison of ТГС and L x T, the former is advantageous in providing an unambiguous test for the presence of epistasis, while the latter provides additional information, particularly with regard to the gca and sca effects and variances, helping breeders in the choice of better parents. Hence, both these designs should be applied together in order to have concrete information about the genetic architecture of economic traits in any crop.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENE ACTION FOR AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND FACTORS AFFECTING HAPLOID PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY FOLLOWING CHROMOSOMAL ELIMINATION TECHNIQUE IN OAT (Avena sativa L.)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-05-26) Singh, Sanjeet; Sood, V.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on gene action for agro-morphological traits and factors affecting haploid production efficiency following chromosomal elimination technique in oat (Avena sativa L.)” was carried out at the Forage Section and Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur to gather information on genetic architecture for forage yield and component traits and to generate euhaploid embryos following wide hybridization in oat. The experimental material comprised of 45 triple test-cross progenies derived by mating 15 lines and three testers viz., PLP 1(L1), HJ 8 (L2) and their F1 (L3) for gene action studies and eight genotypes for wide hybridisation in an attempt to obtain haploid embryos. The genetic material was evaluated for 13 agro-morphological traits in a randomised complete block design with three replications during rabi 2016-17. Sufficient variability was observed in the TTC progenies for all the traits studied. Epistasis was found to be integral part of genetic variation for all the traits. „i‟ type epistatic interaction estimates were significant for seven traits and „j+l‟ type interaction was significant for all the traits, although the magnitude of „i‟ type interaction was higher for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, plant height and protein content. Both additive and dominant components were significant for all the traits except for protein content, with additive component being more pronounced indicating the relative importance of fixable type of gene action in their inheritance. Comparison of the D and H components revealed that both were underestimated in line × tester approach, with the underestimation being comparatively more with respect to additive genetic variance (-99.31% to -100%) to dominance genetic variance (-72.19% to -96.39%). Combining ability estimates showed significant genetic variance in lines for all traits whereas testers had significant genetic variance for six traits. Lines RO 19, IG 03 205 and EC 528865 were overall good general combiner for most of the traits and potential parent sources for recombination breeding. SCA estimates showed cross-combinations viz., HFO 114 × PLP 1 (A × A), HFO 114 × HJ 8 (A × A), OS 6 × PLP 1 (P × G) and JPO 46 × HJ 8 (G × P) having highest values for green fodder yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. HFO 114 × HJ 8 (G × G) showed highest estimates for both SCA and standard heterosis for seed yield per plant, green fodder yield per plant and harvest index and IG 03 205 × PLP 1 (G × G) for protein content. For haploidy induction the natural temperature and photoperiod regime were found to be non-conducive for induction of haploid embryos in this experiment. Direct application of phytohormone combination of 2,4-D + GA3 with concentrations of 50 ppm each to the pistil of the top five florets gave highest percentage of caryopsis. The genotype of the pollen parent and the seed parent did not have any significant impact on the caryopsis development.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF POTENTIAL GENOTYPES OF NORTH-WEST HIMALAYAN CEREALS, PULSES AND OILSEEDS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09) Banta, Neha; Mohini, Kamal
    The mature seeds of four potentially superior genotypes/varieties each of the nine selected crops viz. barley, oats, wheat (cereals); linseed, sesame, soybean (oilseeds) and kidney bean, horsegram, moth bean (pulses) were evaluated for relevant biochemical constituents by following standard procedures. Significant statistical differences were observed for the biochemical constituents in the four genotypes each of all crops and the three crops of each group. Differences among the three groups were also apparent. The results from this study were utilized for carrying out the cumulative grading based on desirable quality parameters for identifying the best genotype in each crop i.e. Dolma/ VLB-118 in barley, TP-40 in oats, Saptdhara in wheat, Himani in linseed, Nurpur in sesame, Hara Soya in soybean, Mandi in horsegram, Kanchan in kidney bean and Jadia in moth bean. Highest protein content was observed in soybean (36.10%), followed by kidney bean (26.18 %), moth bean (21.51%) and the lowest was seen in barley (10.20%). However the protein digestibility of oats (75.87%) was found to be the best followed by wheat (72.77%), kidney bean (72.17%) and lowest was seen in sesame (56.52%). Linseed exhibited the highest fat content (48.86%) followed by sesame (47.96%) and soybean (20.59%) whereas minimum was observed in horsegram (1.76%). Highest carbohydrate content was seen in wheat (71.57%) followed by barley (69.47%), moth bean (60.73%) and the lowest was seen in sesame (14.62%). Potassium and calcium content was high in soybean (963, 392 mg/100g), horsegram (962, 296 mg/100g) and kidney bean (815, 298 mg/100g). For the trace element iron the best source was sesame (12.80 mg/100g) and moth bean (10.84 mg/100g). In the oilseeds UFA content was found to be more than twice the SFA content. Soybean was the richest source of essential ω-6 linoleic acid (51.87%) and linseed of ω-3 linolenic acid (53.57%). Sesame had the highest content of oleic acid (40.64%) and also a good amount of linoleic acid (44.41%). The lysine content was quite low in cereals (0.51%) in comparison to the pulses (8.95%) whereas an opposite trend was observed for the methionine content in cereals (1.7%) and pulses (0.46%). However a low content of both these amino acids was observed in the oilseeds linseed and sesame while soybean was poor in methionine (0.48%) and high in lysine (8.08%). The potentially superior genotypes/varieties thus identified can be used for further developmental research by the plant breeders and cultivation on a large scale by the farmers of H.P and others. The information regarding the identification of best crop for nutritionally important individual quality parameter will prove highly beneficial for the consumers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HETEROTIC GROUPING OF QPM INBRED LINES AND QUALITY PROFILING BASED ON GENETIC AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09-20) Thakur, Naresh; Lata, Swaran
    The present investigation entitled “Heterotic grouping of QPM inbred lines and quality profiling based on genetic and molecular markers” was undertaken to study combining ability effects for yield and quality traits, understand the heterotic pattern and estimate the genetic relationship and diversity among QPM inbreds using molecular markers in quality protein maize. Ten QPM inbred lines were hybridized following Griffing‟s Method 2, Model 1 in a half diallel fashion. Experimental materials comprising of ten inbred lines, forty five single cross experimental hybrids, three hybrids along with two standard checks were evaluated in α-RBD with two replications during kharif 2016 (E1) and 2017 (E2) at Palampur (L1) and Akrot (L2). The analysis of variances indicated significant differences among genotypes for grain yield per plant and other component traits in all the environments. Also, significant differences for environment (E) and lines × environment interaction for most of the traits except cob girth indicated a definite role of environment on the performance of genotypes/crosses. Variances due to GCA, SCA and their interaction with environment were significant for most of the traits under Palampur and Akrot conditions, indicating the importance of testing parents as well as hybrids across environments. On the basis of per se performance, heterosis and combining ability for grain yield per plant and other component traits, the cross combination P1 × P7 at both the locations was found best, whereas P3 × P8 and P1 × P4 under Palampur conditions were found best. Parent P1 and P5 were the most promising general combiners for grain yield per plant and most of the yield component traits at both locations. For most of the traits, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action which reaffirms the importance of heterosis in maize. At molecular level, 28 SSR primers amplified 97 polymorphic alleles with an average of 3.46 alleles per primer. Size of amplified alleles ranged from 50 to 480 bp. Mean polymorphic information content was 0.28 showing low level of SSR polymorphism as the present investigation involved few closely related cultivars. Cluster analysis based on SSR data differentiated 48 maize genotypes into two major clusters. Assigning inbreds into different heterotic groups is fundamental for exploitation of heterosis for hybrid development. Heterotic grouping based on morphological trait and molecular markers grouped ten QPM inbred lines in to four heterotic groups. Results indicated that SSR markers effectively and efficiently assigned the inbred lines to heterotic groups for grain yield. This will help to establish maize inbred lines for the purpose of reducing the number of single crosses and their evaluation using the lines from the different heterotic groups. Overall, cross combination P1 × P7 with high heterosis and per se performance for yield was better than that of best check for grain yield per plant, and was found moderately resistant to banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB), turcicum leaf blight (TLB) and maydis leaf blight (MLB) over the environments and can be further exploited.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES OF SOME GENES ASSOCIATED WITH FECUNDITY, GROWTH AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN NATIVE SHEEP AND GOAT BREEDS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Sankhyan, Varun; Thakur, Y.P.
    Sheep and goat husbandry is a predominant livestock activity in harsh climatic regions of the country. The present study was undertaken with the objectives to study genetic polymorphism of some genes related with fecundity, growth and disease resistance in native sheep and goat breeds of Himachal Pradesh. Genomic DNA was isolated from 63, 68, 197 and 73 animals belonging to Gaddi sheep, Rampur Bushair sheep, Gaddi goats and Chegu goats, respectively. Screening of different breeds for established ovine fecundity genes revealed that out of 8 point mutations screened for GDF9, BMP5, and BMPR1B genes, 2 point mutations, (G4-GDF9) and (G7-GDF9) were detected in Gaddi sheep and Rampur-Bushair sheep. PCR-RFLP screening of KISS1 gene in Gaddi goats revealed, frequency of A and T alleles as 0.43 and 0.57 and T allele was associated with litter size in Gaddi goats. PCR-RFLP of PRLR gene in Gaddi goats, revealed SNP (T92C). The SSCP analysis for Growth Hormone (GH) gene revealed 12 different SSCP patterns. Different variants of GH gene fragments revealed significant association with body weights and body measurements. PCR-RFLP analysis of Insulin like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Myostatin gene revealed SNP (G264C) and SNP (A70G), respectively. The AB heterozygote genotype of myostatin gene demonstrated significantly higher body weight at 3 and 12 month and body girth at 9 month of age. DRB3 gene revealed 2 alleles and 3 restriction digestion profiles and 4 alleles and 7 restriction digestion profiles for PstI and HaeIII digestion respectively. PCR-RFLP analysis of DQB gene using HaeIII revealed two alleles A and B with frequency ranging from 0.45 to 0.62 and 0.38 to 0.55 in different breeds. The present study generated genotypic data for genes related with fecundity, growth and disease resistance for native sheep and goat breeds of Himachal Pradesh, for which the genotypic characterization information was limited. The generated information could be a valuable input for conservation and future genetic improvement of the breeds.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    POTENTIAL OF ENTOMOPATHOGENS IN INTEGRATED CONTROL OF WHITEGRUBS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-10-15) Sanjta, Suman; Mehta, P.K
    The bioassay studies of five entomopathogens viz. Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema carpocapsae and Bacillus cereus were conducted against grubs of Holotrichia longipennis and Brahmina coriacea. The entomopathogenic fungi revealed decrease in susceptibility with increase in age. The LC50 values of B. bassiana for I to III instar grubs of H. longipennis ranged from 7.28 x 107 to 1.6 x 108 conidia/ml. In case of B. coriacea, the LC50 values for I to III instars were determined from 5.04x 107 to 1.17x 108 conidia/ml. In H. longipennis and B. coriacea, first instar grubs were 1.12 to 2.43 and 2.85 to 3.84 times more susceptible than second and third instar grubs, respectively. The LC50 values of M. anisopliae for I to III instars of H. longipennis were calculated from 4.36 x 107 to 1.3 x 108 conidia/ml. In case of B. coriacea, M. anisopliae produced 50 per cent kill at a concentration range of 4.9 x 109 to 3.2 x 108 conidia/ml in I to III instar grubs. In H. longipennis, first instar grubs were 2.06 and 2.98 times more susceptible than second and third instar. In case of B. coriacea, the increase in LC50 for second and third instar in comparison to first instar was 2.24 to 3.67 times. The grubs of H. longipennis were found comparatively more susceptible to both entomopathogenic fungi and B. bassiana was found to be less virulent as compared to M. anisopliae. Two entomopathogenic nematodes viz. H. indica and S. carpocapsae were evaluated by soil inoculation method. Against H. longipennis, the LC50 values of H. indica for I to III instars ranged between 324.15 to 796.18 IJs/ml. In case of B. coriacea, the LC50 values of H. indica against I to III instars were calculated from 444.84 to 845.18 IJs/ml. S. carpocapasae produced 50 per cent kill in respective instars of H. longipennis at concentrations ranging from 408.63 to 910.67 IJs/ml. In B.coriacea, a dose of 474.26 to 1620.34 IJs/ml of S. carpocapsae is required to produce 50% kill. There was 1.70 and 2.4 times increase in LC50 values of H. indica in first instar of H. longipennis as compared to second and third instars, respectively. In B. coriacea, the corresponding increase was 1.4 and 1.89 times. S. carpocapsae proved less effective as compared to H. indica, and H. longipennis was found to be more susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes as compared to B. coriacea. B. cereus was found to be least effective among tested entomopathogens. In I to III instars of H. longipennis and B. coriacea, the LC50 values of B.cereus varied from 5.62 x 108 to 1.7 x 109 spores/ml. Among tested insecticides, clothianidin was found highly effective with LC50 values ranging from 129.86 to 457.11 ppm. In case of imidacloprid and chlorpyriphos, the LC50 values ranged from 238.38 to 811.81 ppm, and 334.44 to 911.44 ppm in different instars of H. longipennis and B. coriacea. To interaction studies of different entomopathogens with imidacloprid, chlorpyriphos and clothianidin have shown to produce strongest interaction with the tested insecticides in both the species of whitegrubs. Imidacloprid revealed maximum synergism with H. indica and S. carpocapsae. There was consistent antagonistic interaction among B. cereus and imidacloprid or chlorpyriphos. Under field conditions, combined application of H. indica+imidacloprid in potato gave 34.53 to 40.67 % reduction in tuber damage over control.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioefficacy of biopesticides and novel insecticides to Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee and their safety to natural enemies
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Sharma, Sugandha; Chandel, Y.S.
    Studies on the bioefficacy of biopesticides and novel insecticides to L. orbonalis and their safety to natural enemies was undertaken at CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. The lethal concentrations computed against first instar larvae of L. orbonalis revealed cyantraniliprole as most effective with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.18 and 0.95 ppm followed by chlorantraniliprole (1.24 & 8.64 ppm), thiacloprid (14.43 & 95.09 ppm), indoxacarb (19.99 & 106.71), lambda-cyhalothrin (38.62 & 207.78 ppm), azadirachtin (57.06 & 316.34 ppm), melia (73.82 & 378.09 ppm) and eupatorium (97.84 & 477.85 ppm). Under bioefficacy studies, chlorantraniliprole resulted in minimum shoot infestation followed by cyantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, indoxacarb, azadirachtin, melia and eupatorium during 2015, whereas, during 2016 the shoot infestation was minimum in cyantraniliprole followed by chlorantraniliprole, thiacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, indoxacarb, azadirachtin, melia and eupatorium. Fruit infestation was found minimum in chlorantraniliprole followed by cyantraniliprole, thiacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, indoxacarb, azadirachtin, melia and eupatorium during both the years. On the basis of index of mean persistent toxicity of 2015 & 2016, the order of effectiveness of biopesticides and novel insecticides was: chlorantraniliprole (608.34) > cyantraniliprole (580.56) > thiacloprid (519.44) > lambda cyhalothrin (409.72) > indoxacarb (297.50) > azadirachtin (256.67) > melia (213.44) > eupatorium (136.11). Studies on dissipation pattern of insecticides revealed the average recovery of 87.75 and 91.10 per cent of indoxacarb and thiacloprid, respectively through RP-HPLC. The LOD and LOQ were 0.009 and 0.03 mg/kg for indoxacarb, 0.015 and 0.05 mg/kg for thiacloprid, respectively. The initial deposit of indoxacarb and thiacloprid were 0.620±0.025 and 1.078±0.011 mg/kg during 2016 with 0.4 and 1.6 day(s) waiting period, respectively and 0.622±0.015 mg/kg and 1.133±0.044 mg/kg during 2017 with 0.4 and 1.7 day(s) waiting period, respectively. Laboratory and field studies on relative safety of all the treatments to T. chilonis showed azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, melia & eupatorium safer to the parasitoid and lambda-cyhalothrin as highly toxic.