Thumbnail Image

Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

Browse

201624
Reset filters
End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 24
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CELLULAR, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES AGAINST PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA IN CALVES
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-01-23) Katoch, Shailja; Sharma, Mandeep
    ABSTRACT The present study determined the cellular, molecular and immunological responses following P. multocida infection and vaccination in calves. Four months old nine clinically healthy male cross bred calves were divided into three groups. Calves in vaccinated group were immunized with 2 ml commercial formalin killed alum adjuvant HS vaccine s/c, infected group challenged i/n with 5ml of the inoculum containing 3×109 cfu/ml/nostril of P. multocida B:2 and control group was given 5 ml PBS i/n/nostril. The clinical observations were monitored and serum, nasal secretions and whole blood samples were collected. The mean rectal temperature and mean total clinical score of the infected group was significantly higher than other groups from day 3 to 8 and day 2 to 20, respectively. The serum IgG and IgM response and IgA response in nasal secretions in the infected group was significantly higher than vaccinated group. The CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells increased in both vaccinated and infected group, however the increase was significant only in infected group. There was decrease in WC1+ and CD3+WC1+ T cells initially in vaccinated and infected group and then it significantly increased. The WC1+ T cells were more in vaccinated group compared to infected group. In vaccinated and infected groups, both Th1 and Th2 type of immune responses played important role in initiation of immune response, but, in infected group Th2 response dominated. In vaccinated group Th1 response was more as compared to infected group. The production of IFNγ in both the groups suggests the role of cell mediated immunity in the development of immune response. Thus, both humoral and cell mediated immune responses are elicited against live P. multocida intranasal challenge and formalin killed alum adjuvant vaccine. The live bacteria induce more robust local secretory IgA antibody response compared to killed bacteria in vaccine which lead to clearing of bacteria in infected group
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON SOIL-PLANT WATER DYNAMICS, NUTRIENT USE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPSICUM AND BROCCOLI UNDER VARYING NPK FERTIGATION IN AN ACID ALFISOL
    (CSK,HPKV,PALAMPUR, 2016-04) Kapoor, Renu; Sandal, Sanjeev.K.
    ABSTRACT In Hilly areas, the judicious use of the available water resources through drip irrigation under open and protected conditions becomes necessary to enhance the yield, nutrient and water use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at experimental farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation levels applied at 40 and 80 per cent CPE and NPK fertigation levels on soil water retention, plant water, water use efficiency, productivity, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of capsicum under open and protected conditions and broccoli under open conditions. The treatments comprised of (a) Two drip irrigation levels viz., I0.4– Drip at 40 per cent Cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) and I0.8– Drip at 80 percent CPE (b) Four fertigation levels viz., F50 – 50 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer, F100– 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer, F150– 150 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer and F200– 200 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (c) Farmer‟s practice - FYM @ 1 kg m-2 + 10 g m-2 IFFCO (basal) + 2 g L-1 of 19:19:19 at 15 days intervals and drip irrigation applied at the rate 2 L m-2 daily and (d) Recommended Practice (control) – 100 per cent NPK(by conventional method) + drip irrigation at 100 per cent CPE. Results indicated that the soil water content increased with increase in drip irrigation level from I0.4 to I0.8 with more profile water depletion in I0.4 as compared to I0.8 due to less quantity of water applied. Under fertigation treatments, the plant height and number of leaves, root length, volume and weight were significantly higher with F200 over other F100 and F50 under open as well as protected conditions leading to higher marketable yields, water use efficiency, NPK nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency and higher B.C ratio in capsicum as well as broccoli. The study concluded that drip irrigation at 0.4 CPE led to saving of water by 50 per cent over 0.8 CPE and increasing fertigation from 50 to 200 per cent RDF significantly increased the marketable yield, N, P & K uptake and Nutrient Use Efficiency in both the crops under open and protected condition
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STANDARDISATION OF AGRO TECHNIQUES FOR TOMATO PRODUCTION IN NATURALLY VENTILATED POLYHOUSE
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-01) Kaushal, Shilpa; Kumar, Vinod
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Standardisation of agro techniques for tomato production in naturally ventilated polyhouse” was conducted at the Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Engineering, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during summer season of 2013 and 2014 in two separate experiments inside the naturally ventilated polyhouses. In the first experiment, treatments comprised of three dates of transplanting (15th March, 30th March and 15th April), two spacings (60 cm x 30 cm and 75 cm x 30 cm) and two training systems (two shoots and three shoots) was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Plant grown on 15th March recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation, more number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruits per cluster, fruit length, fruit width, fruit yield per plant (2.04 kg in 2013 and 2.22 kg in 2014), fruit yield kg/100 m2 (1007.5 kg/ha in 2013 and 1100.3 kg/ha in 2014) and benefit: cost ratio than other dates of planting during both the years. Plants grown at wider spacing of 75 cm x 30 cm took significantly lesser number of days for flower initiation, 50 per cent flowering, fruit setting and days to first picking, more number of fruits per plant (25.1 in 2013 and 28.9 in 2014) and highest yield per plant (1.81 kg in 2013 and 1.91 kg in 2014) than 60 cm x 30 cm spacing. The maximum fruit yield kg/100 m2 (887.2 kg/100 m2 in 2013 and 968.6 kg/100 m2 in 2014) was recorded under closer spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm. Plant spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm recorded maximum benefit: cost ratio (1.21 in 2013 and 1.24 in 2014) over 75 cm x 30 cm plant spacing. With regards to the number of shoots per plant, the treatment two shoots per plant recorded significantly higher yield and yield attributes with maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio than plants trained to three shoots. In the second experiment, treatments comprising three hybrids (Avtar, Rakshita and Naveen 2000 plus), three fertigation levels (NPK @ 20:20:20 g/m2 , NPK @ 25:25:25 g/m2 and NPK @ 30:30:30 g/m2 ) and two growing media (vermicompost and cocopeat: vermicompost) was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Amongst the hybrids, Naveen 2000 plus was significantly superior over other hybrids in respect of number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, harvest duration, fruit yield per plant (1.98 kg in 2013 and 2.21 kg in 2014) with maximum net returns and benefit: cost ratio. Fertigation of NPK @ 30 g/m2 took significantly lesser number of days for flower initiation, 50 per cent flowering, fruit setting and days to first picking, significantly higher number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield kg/100m2 with maximum returns than other levels of NPK. Plants grown in growing media cocopeat: vermicompost (1:1 v/v) recorded significantly higher yield and yield attributes than vermicompost
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON SOIL-PLANT WATER DYNAMICS, NUTRIENT USE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPSICUM AND BROCCOLI UNDER VARYING NPK FERTIGATION IN AN ACID ALFISOL
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-04) Kapoor, RENU; Sandal, Sanjeev K.
    ABSTRACT In Hilly areas, the judicious use of the available water resources through drip irrigation under open and protected conditions becomes necessary to enhance the yield, nutrient and water use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at experimental farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation levels applied at 40 and 80 per cent CPE and NPK fertigation levels on soil water retention, plant water, water use efficiency, productivity, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of capsicum under open and protected conditions and broccoli under open conditions. The treatments comprised of (a) Two drip irrigation levels viz., I0.4– Drip at 40 per cent Cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) and I0.8– Drip at 80 percent CPE (b) Four fertigation levels viz., F50 – 50 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer, F100– 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer, F150– 150 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer and F200– 200 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (c) Farmer’s practice - FYM @ 1 kg m-2 + 10 g m-2 IFFCO (basal) + 2 g L-1 of 19:19:19 at 15 days intervals and drip irrigation applied at the rate 2 L m-2 daily and (d) Recommended Practice (control) – 100 per cent NPK(by conventional method) + drip irrigation at 100 per cent CPE. Results indicated that the soil water content increased with increase in drip irrigation level from I0.4 to I0.8 with more profile water depletion in I0.4 as compared to I0.8 due to less quantity of water applied. Under fertigation treatments, the plant height and number of leaves, root length, volume and weight were significantly higher with F200 over other F100 and F50 under open as well as protected conditions leading to higher marketable yields, water use efficiency, NPK nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency and higher B.C ratio in capsicum as well as broccoli. The study concluded that drip irrigation at 0.4 CPE led to saving of water by 50 per cent over 0.8 CPE and increasing fertigation from 50 to 200 per cent RDF significantly increased the marketable yield, N, P & K uptake and Nutrient Use Efficiency in both the crops under open and protected conditions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHLOROTIC LEAF SPOT DISEASE OF ARKA (Calotropis gigantea): MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CAUSAL AGENT AND EFFECT ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-01) Rana, Anita; Singh, Nageswar
    ABSTRACT The present work entitled, ‘‘Chlorotic Leaf Spot Disease of Arka (Calotropis gigantea): Molecular Characterization of the Causal Agent and Effect on Phytochemical Constituents’’ is focused on the effect of disease on active phytochemical constituents in leaves of Calotropis gigantea and the molecular characterization of the causal agent. Based on the nature of symptoms i.e. systemic brilliant chlorotic to yellow spots on the leaves of C. gigantea may be the infection due to virus. Phytochemical constituents viz. antioxidant activity, quinones, flavonoids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, PPO activity have higher values in infected leaves whereas total chlorophyll and carotenoids had lower values in infected leaves. In case of PPO activity it was found maximum at same time interval for both of the samples. However, PPO activity was found higher in infected sample and lower in healthy sample. Molecular characterization studies revealed the presence of virus particles on the basis of results obtained from Virus Like Particle (VLP) purification and electron microscopy. Some icosahedral, enveloped entities of approximately 50-60 nm were observed which proved the presence of virus. The sequencing results showed similarity to insect infected virus Nucleopolyhedrosis (OpMNV) and Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (PBCV) from ocean virome studies which were bacterial in origin. Irrespective of different strategies performed for cloning, ligation and PCR the sequencing results were similar. However, these viruses have not been reported in plants. Thus results are indicative of presence of a novel virus or new DNA which needs to be further investigated.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGY OF WHITEGRUBS IN RELATION TO PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-07-25) KUMAR, SWAROOP; Chandel, R. S.
    ABSTRACT In Himachal Pradesh, Brahmina coriacea, Holotrichia longipennis, Anomala dimidiata and Melolontha indica were found to be the important species endemic to Shimla, Kangra, Una and Mandi districts, respectively. The soil pH in the state ranged from 4.7 – 7.4, and organic carbon varied from 0.75 – 2.94 per cent. The observations on biology of B. coriacea, H. longipennis and A. dimidiata were recorded in soils collected from whitegrub endemic pockets. The incubation period was not affected by the soil type in any of the species, however, egg hatching was significantly affected ranging from 41.5 – 94.8 per cent in different species in different soils. The duration of first instar in B. coriacea and A. dimidiata, second instar in B. coriacea, H. longipennis and A. dimidiata and third instar in B. coriacea and H. longipennis was not affected in different soils. The duration of first instar in H. longipennis and third instar of A. dimidiata was significantly affected in different soils. Shortest duration of first instar of H. longipennis (11.7 days) and third instar of A. dimidiata (207.3 days) was recorded in Janjehli and Nauni soils, respectively. The larval survival differed significantly in most of the instars in different species. Overall value of larval growth index (0.22) was calculated to be maximum for B. coriacea in Seobagh soil. The pupal period in H. longipennis and A. dimidiata was not affected in different soils, but pupal survival in B. coriacea (16.7 – 81.0 %) and A. dimidiata (27.8 – 73.8 %), and pupal period in B. coriacea were significantly affected in different soils. The fecundity of B. coriacea was found to be maximum in Una soil. The females of H. longipennis and A. dimidiata deposited maximum eggs in Seobagh and Bharmour soils, respectively. Soil moisture conditions severely affected oviposition in different scarab species, and there was no egg laying at moisture percentage of ≥30 per cent. At 15 per cent soil moisture, significantly higher fecundity was recorded in all the species. Soil moisture at 15 per cent was found to be best for survival of grubs in all the species. The soil pH did not influence the incubation period, however, egg survival was significantly affected in B. coriacea (62.6 – 75.4 %) and A. dimidiata (59.9 – 84.1 %). In case of B. coriacea and A. dimidiata, higher egg survival was recorded at soil pH of 7.5. Duration of instars was not influenced by the soil pH, but larval survival was significantly affected in some species in some instars. Fecundity was not influenced by soil pH in B. coriacea and A. dimidiata, but in H. longipennis, significantly higher fecundity was recorded at pH 6.5. There was gradual decrease in hatchability of eggs with the increase in FYM in soil in all the species. Maximum egg hatching (74.91 – 81.46%) was recorded in soils having no FYM in different species. The larval survival was significantly affected in all the instars. Relatively higher survival of grubs was recorded at 0 – 25 per cent level of FYM in soil. The overall larval growth index was on higher side at 25 per cent level of FYM for B. coriacea (0.18) and H. longipennis (0.12). Fecundity of B. coriacea was recorded to be maximum (36.67 eggs/ female) at 25 per cent level of FYM, but in H. longipennis and A. dimidiata, the females deposited maximum eggs (59.0 and 42.33 eggs/female) in soils having no FYM.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF VEGETATIVE BARRIERS AND IMPROVED FORAGE SPECIES ON PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED GRASSLAND
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-06) KUMAR, SUNIL; Kumar, Naveen
    Effect of vegetative barriers and improved forage species on productivity of degraded grassland was studied during Kharif 2013 and Kharif 2014 in an ongoing experiment from Kharif 2010, at Research Farm of Fodder Section, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur with a view to assess the effect of vegetative barriers viz., napier bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum L. x P. americanum L.), setaria grass (Setaria anceps L.) and no vegetative barrier in main plot and forage species viz., setaria grass, stylosanthes (Stylosanthes scabra L.), setaria grass + stylosanthes and existing forage species in sub plot on forage yield, quality, soil moisture content, chemical properties of soil and economics under degraded grassland conditions. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture; medium in organic carbon and low in available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Forage species in sole stand as well as in the grass + legume mixture had taller plants, more number of shoots and better leaf stem ratio under different vegetative barriers. Setaria grass as vegetative barrier produced 87.69 and 88.49 per cent more green and dry fodder yields, respectively over no vegetative barrier. The respective increase by vegetative barrier of napier bajra hybrid was 76.60 and 81.55 per cent. Setaria grass + stylosanthes produced 25.42, 87.51 and 92.29 per cent more green fodder yield over setaria grass, stylosanthes and existing forage species, respectively, with respective increase of 11.75, 70.55 and 118.86 per cent in dry fodder yield. Higher net monetary returns of Rs. 23562 ha-1 and B: C ratio of 1.82 was obtained in vegetative barrier of setaria grass and followed by vegetative barrier of napier bajra hybrid. Setaria grass grown with stylosanthes resulted in significantly higher net returns of Rs. 28229 ha-1 and B: C ratio of 2.03. Better crude protein content, crude protein yield, calcium and magnesium contents and lower acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents were observed in improved forage species. Setaria grass + stylosanthes also resulted in higher microbial biomass carbon content build up in the soil. Vegetative barriers as well as improved forage species helped to conserve the soil moisture content appreciably under degraded grassland conditions
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON SOIL-PLANT WATER DYNAMICS, NUTRIENT USE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPSICUM AND BROCCOLI UNDER VARYING NPK FERTIGATION IN AN ACID ALFISOL
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-04) KAPOOR, RENU; Sandal, Sanjeev K.
    In Hilly areas, the judicious use of the available water resources through drip irrigation under open and protected conditions becomes necessary to enhance the yield, nutrient and water use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at experimental farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation levels applied at 40 and 80 per cent CPE and NPK fertigation levels on soil water retention, plant water, water use efficiency, productivity, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of capsicum under open and protected conditions and broccoli under open conditions. The treatments comprised of (a) Two drip irrigation levels viz., I0.4– Drip at 40 per cent Cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) and I0.8– Drip at 80 percent CPE (b) Four fertigation levels viz., F50 – 50 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer, F100– 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer, F150– 150 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer and F200– 200 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (c) Farmer’s practice - FYM @ 1 kg m-2 + 10 g m-2 IFFCO (basal) + 2 g L-1 of 19:19:19 at 15 days intervals and drip irrigation applied at the rate 2 L m-2 daily and (d) Recommended Practice (control) – 100 per cent NPK(by conventional method) + drip irrigation at 100 per cent CPE. Results indicated that the soil water content increased with increase in drip irrigation level from I0.4 to I0.8 with more profile water depletion in I0.4 as compared to I0.8 due to less quantity of water applied. Under fertigation treatments, the plant height and number of leaves, root length, volume and weight were significantly higher with F200 over other F100 and F50 under open as well as protected conditions leading to higher marketable yields, water use efficiency, NPK nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency and higher B.C ratio in capsicum as well as broccoli. The study concluded that drip irrigation at 0.4 CPE led to saving of water by 50 per cent over 0.8 CPE and increasing fertigation from 50 to 200 per cent RDF significantly increased the marketable yield, N, P & K uptake and Nutrient Use Efficiency in both the crops under open and protected conditions. ________________________ _____________________
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RUST RESISTANCE INTROGRESSED INTO Linum usitatissimum L. FROM ITS WILD AND CULTIVATED GENE POOL
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2016-11-09) KUMAR, NIMIT; Paul, Satish
    ABSTRACT The research endeavour entitled ―Molecular characterization of rust resistance introgressed into Linum usitatissimum L. from its wild and cultivated gene pool‖ was executed in the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur and Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (SAREC), Kangra during the years 2012-13 to 2016-17 with the objective to evaluate the crossability of different wild species with its cultivated species, transfer resistance against linseed rust, study the genetics of rust resistant gene(s), identify molecular markers linked to rust resistance gene(s) and nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and its component traits. The experimental material comprised of six cultivated varieties of L. usitatissimum L. namely T-397, Chambal, Kangra Local, HimAlsi-1, Nagarkot & HimAlsi-2 and two wild species viz., L. angustifolium & L. grandiflorum. Interspecific hybridization revealed that L. angustifolium is crossable with cultivated varieties and has shown maximum crossability of 78.00 and 79.13 percent during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively at the temperature range of 10.00 to 24.70°C. The highest seed formation efficiency was observed in cross HimAlsi-2 x L. angustifolium (52.00 and 49.05 percent during 2012-13 and 2013-14 respectively ) at the temperature range of 5.91-22.43°C. The interspecific and intervarietal hybrids developed involving T-397 x L. angustifolium and T-397 x HimAlsi-1, were true to type based on confirmation at the morphological and molecular level. Inheritance of rust under natural epiphytotic conditions in T-397 x L. angustifolium and T-397 x HimAlsi-1 indicated the involvement of single dominant gene for disease resistance. Linkage analysis of the F2 mapping population revealed that the forward marker locus OPA 18 and reverse locus JA23 and rust resistance gene are located 5.8cM and 3.4cM apart, respectively for T-397 x L. angustifolium, whereas, in case of T-397 x HimAlsi-1 it was 1.9cM (OPA 18) and 3.3cM (JA 23) apart from the rust resistance gene. Further, evaluation of crosses using line × tester analysis in a randomized complete block design with three replications revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Both dominance and additive genetic variances were important for the traits but dominance was predominant as compared to additive variance. Line Chambal and tester HimAlsi-1 showed good general combining ability for eight characters. The cross combinations, T-397 x Nagarkot, HimAlsi- 2 x HimAlsi-1, HimAlsi-2 x L. angustifolium, T-397 x HimAlsi-1 and Chambal x Nagarkot showed high, SCA effects, heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and were rated as potential crosses for further improvement.