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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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20232
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Incidence of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry reared under intensive and backyard production systems
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-01-06) Soodan, Maansi; Dev, Sidharath
    The present study investigated the incidence of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry reared under intensive and backyard production systems. E. coli isolates were characterized by culture and biochemical methods and were confirmed by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates was determined for 15 antibiotics from eight classes of antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Virulence factors and plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants were ascertained by PCR based methods. A total of 141 samples including cloacal swabs (n=109) and environmental samples [n=32; water samples (n=16) and litter samples (n=16)] were collected for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Out of the 141 samples, 64 (45.4%, 56 cloacal swabs, 4 water samples and 4 litter samples) samples were from the university poultry farm, CSKHPKV, Palampur and 77 (54.6%, 53 cloacal swabs, 12 water samples and 12 litter samples) were from the backyard poultry units. Overall, E. coli isolations were 90.1 per cent (127/141). 93.8 per cent (60/64) samples from organized rearing system and 87 per cent (67/77) from backyard system were positive for E. coli. 21.3 per cent (27/127) of the tested isolates were detected resistant in this study. AMR was observed for only 3 classes of antibiotics i.e., penicillins (9.4%, 12/127), fluoroquinolones (11%, 14/127) and phenicols (0.8%, 1/127). All (n=127) the isolates from this study were susceptible to aminoglycoside, carbapenem, monobactam and polymyxin classes of antibiotics. Incidence of AMR was significantly higher in E. coli isolates from organized rearing system (30.0%, 18/60) compared to those from backyard units (13.4%, 9/67). No multidrug resistant isolate was detected in this study. None of the tested isolates (n=53) carried stx1 (encoding shiga toxin 1) while, 98.1 per cent (52/53) of the analyzed isolates were positive for stx2 (encoding shiga toxin 2). On analysis of plasmid mediated penicillin resistance, all (n=12) the isolates resistant to penicillin class of antibiotics were positive for blaSHV and two isolates co-expressed blaOXA-1with blaSHV. None of the isolates resistant to penicillin class of antibiotics carried TEM or CTX-M group-1 β-lactamases. 21.4 per cent (3/14) fluoroquinolone resistant isolates were positive for plasmid mediated aac (6’)-Ib (encoding aminoglycoside acetyl transferase). In this study, none of the fluoroquinolone resistant isolates was found to carry qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA and blaCTX-M-1. We recorded significantly higher AMR in E. coli isolates from organized rearing systems compared to backyard systems. Overall, low levels of AMR were recorded. Higher levels of stx2 detection in E. coli isolates indicates a significant public health threat.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on occurrence of antibiotic residues in migratory goat milk and its public health significance
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-01-05) Sharma, Abhishek; Kumar, Atul
    The present study was designed with the aim to evaluate physicochemical parameters, bacteriological quality, detection of antibiotic residues in migratory goat milk and their public health significance. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of nomadic pastoralists toward usage of antibiotics was assessed using a cross-sectional survey. A total of 223 raw migratory goat milk samples were collected from various migratory routes of nomadic pastoralists. The samples were analysed for their physical and chemical composition. The physical parameters evaluated were colour and odour. All of the samples had acceptable white colour and were without off-odour. The samples were analysed for chemical composition viz. fat %, solids-not-fat %, total solids %, lactose % and protein % and the mean values were 6.95 ± 2.49 %, 8.63 ± 1.85 %, 15.58 ± 3.22 %, 4.53 ± 0.96 % and 3.71 ± 0.78 %, respectively. In bacteriological examination of samples, 16.14 % (36/223) samples were found to be exceeding established limits. Coliforms were found in 5.8 % (13/223) samples, while 2.24 % (5/223) were found positive for E. coli on the basis of cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterization. For detection of antibiotics in milk samples using the High performance liquid chromatography – Diode Array Detection, the methods were optimised and validated as per European commission decision EC/657/2002. Using QuEChERS methodology, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were extracted from goat milk and were found in 6.73 % (15/223) and 1.35 % (3/223) samples, respectively. Using SPE approach, the antibiotics targeted were amoxicillin, penicillin-G and enrofloxacin. It was noticed that 0.89 % (2/223), 2.24 % (5/223) and 1.79 % (4/223) samples were found to contain amoxicillin, penicillin-G and enrofloxacin, respectively. Overall 13.0 % (29/223) samples were found containing antibiotic residues while 7.6 % (17/223) samples contained antibiotic residues above maximum residual limits. The health risk assessment of detected antibiotics in milk revealed that hazard index is < 1. This indicates consumption of milk containing antibiotic residues has minimum health risk to consumers in Himachal Pradesh. A total of 171 nomadic pastoralists participated in the survey. As per KAP survey, 25.2 % of respondents were having good knowledge, 50.8 % were found to be having average knowledge and 23.9 % respondents had poor knowledge about antibiotic use in animal husbandry practices. KAP study also revealed that 19.3 % respondents had good attitude, 71.9 % had moderate and 8.8 % had poor attitude towards antibiotic use. The respondents with good, average, and poor practices related to antibiotic use were 11.7 %, 70.2 % and 18.1 %, respectively. The overall result of present study indicates the fairly good practices by nomadic pastoralists for production of milk and limited use of antibiotics in animals, indicating better quality of migratory goat milk produced in Himachal Pradesh. However, there is a need to continuously monitor the antibiotic residue in animal sourced food to safeguard human health along with regular education on antibiotics for nomadic pastoralists to increase their awareness on food safety aspects.