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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATIONS ON BOVINE CUTANEOUS PAPILLOMATOSIS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-20) Sultan, Tahir; Wadhwa, Des RajThe present work was conducted with the objective to study the prevalence of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis, clinical appraisal of affected animals, efficacy of different therapeutic measures and to formulate strategic therapy against bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. The prevalence of bovine papillomatosis was recorded as 6.52 per cent in a total of 429 animals screened. The disease was more prevalent in the age group of 1 to 3 years (58.89%). Crossbred cattle were mostly affected particularly Jersey cross cattle (72.22%). The incidence was highest in females (98.88%). The affected cattle were either heifers (41.57%) or in their first lactation (34.83%). Teats were affected in maximum cases (85.55%). Warts on other body parts were present in 28.88 per cent cases, which include warts on face, muzzle, periorbital area, neck, shoulder, ventral abdomen, perineal region, fore and hind limbs. Warts were mostly of moderate (37.77%) or mild severity (35.55%), upto 1 cm in size (86.66%) and cauliflower (35.55%), ricegrain (22.22%) or flat (12.22%) shaped. Most warts were sessile in nature (47.77%), rough surfaced (63.33%) and brown (36.66%), grey (22.22%) or black (21.11%) coloured. Histopathologically, the wart tissues were classified as Papilloma and Fibropapilloma. Combined use of Anthiomaline, Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole was more efficacious (72.22%) than combination of Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole (54.54%). Autogenous wart vaccination was effective in 75 per cent cases while Ivermectin was effective only in 20 per cent cases. On the basis of these observations, it is advised to use either combination of Anthiomaline, Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole or Autogenous wart vaccine for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CANINE DISTEMPER(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Sharma, Monika; Wadhwa, Des RajThe study was conducted on 80 dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.) with the history of ocular or nasal discharge, respiratory distress, digestive disturbances, cutaneous lesions and nervous symptoms between November 2015 and April 2017. The dogs were screened for canine distemper infection by using Scanvet Canine Distemper Virus Antigen Detection kit marketed by Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad (India). Out of total cases screened, 35 were found to be positive for canine distemper infection. The overall incidence of canine distemper was 2.34 per cent (35/1493) in the cases presented to College Veterinary Clinics. The infection was distributed more (40%) in younger dogs (< 6 month of age), males (82.85%) and in Mongrel dogs (51.43%). Most of the cases were presented in nervous form (54.28%) alone and in rest of the cases, combination of nervous form along with respiratory, digestive, cutaneous or ocular form in various combinations were presented. The prominent clinical signs were diarrhoea (2.85%) and vomition (2.85%) in digestive form; coughing (8.57%) and nasal discharge (22.85%) in respiratory form; pustules over ventral abdominal area (14.28%) and hyperkeratosis of nose and footpads (5.71%) in cutaneous form; ocular discharge (28.57%) in ocular form; generalized seizures(28.57%), myoclonus of head (25.71%), limbs (8.57%), abdominal muscles (11.42%), jaw champing (34.14%), incoordination and ataxia (14.28%) and hind limb paralysis (25.71%) in nervous form. Other clinical signs included anorexia, inappetance, dehydration and general depression. Haematology revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis along with lymphopaenia. Biochemically, hypoproteinemia and raised AST values were observed. Main histopathological findings were interstitial pneumonia, demylenating changes in the brain besides swollen astrocytes with mild to moderate lymphocytic infilteration and hyperkeratosis of the foot pad. The symptomatic and supportive therapy was not much effective in treating the cases presented with nervous form of the disease as the recovery rate was only 16.67 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ENZOOTIC BOVINE HEMATURIA(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Garpha, Deepa; Wadhwa, Des RajThe present investigation was conducted on 59 cattle presented with history of hematuria at clinical camps held at Sainj valley of district Kullu, Barot and Janjheli valley of district Mandi. Enzootic bovine hematuria (EBH) is prevalent in Kullu, Mandi, Shimla, Chamba and Sirmour districts of Himachal Pradesh. Maximum incidence of EBH was reported in age group of 2 to 8 years (34 cases, 57.62%). Males (50.84%) were equally affected as females (49.15%). Breed wise, maximum cases of hematuria were recorded in Zebu cattle (64.40%) followed by Jersey-cross (30.50%) and Holstein Friesian (5.08%). The prominent clinical signs were voiding of blood stained urine, pale visible mucous membranes, mild tachycardia (76.47 ± 1.39 per min), general debility, depressed rumen motility (1.79 ± 0.05 per 2 min) with normal appetite. Haematological examination revealed significantly low haemoglobin (7.59 ± 0.20 g/dl), packed cell volume (25.28 ± 0.71%), total erythrocyte count (4.61 ± 0.13×10⁶/μl), mean corpuscular volume (55.19 ± 0.84 fl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (16.58 ± 0.21 pg) values indicating microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Leucopenia (5.64 ± 0.29× 103/μl), lymphopenia (53.16 ± 1.61%) and monocytosis (6.94 ± 0.31%) were also observed. Biochemically, EBH affected animals had hypoproteinaemia (5.83 ± 0.09 g/dl), hypoglycaemia (49.05 ± 1.07 mg/dl), hypocalcaemia (7.88 ± 0.05 mg/dl), hypophosphataemia (3.42 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and iron deficiency (84.03 ± 1.20mg/dl) with elevated blood urea nitrogen (37.27 ± 2.32 mg/dl) and creatinine levels (2.00 ± 0.16 mg/dl). BPV-2 DNA was detected from 19 out of 45 blood samples of EBH affected cattle. Urine was alkaline in nature (pH 8.48 ± 0.14), normal specific gravity (1.020 ± 0.001) and average erythrocytic count of 0.35 ± 0.03× 10⁶/cu mm of urine. Urine was positive for protein (100%) and glucose (48%). Microbiological investigation of urine samples revealed that Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. were the major associated bacterial infections. Ultrasonography proved to be a useful tool for evaluation of vesicular diverticular neoplasm and is a very sensitive indicator for detecting space occupying lesions at a very early stage. Symptomatic therapy comprising of antibiotic, haemostat, haematinic mixture and mineral mixture lead to mild and transient response suggesting long term therapy to increase longevity of affected animal.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CANINE DISTEMPER(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) SHARMA, MONIKA; Wadhwa, Des RajThe study was conducted on 80 dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.) with the history of ocular or nasal discharge, respiratory distress, digestive disturbances, cutaneous lesions and nervous symptoms between November 2015 and April 2017. The dogs were screened for canine distemper infection by using Scanvet Canine Distemper Virus Antigen Detection kit marketed by Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad (India). Out of total cases screened, 35 were found to be positive for canine distemper infection. The overall incidence of canine distemper was 2.34 per cent (35/1493) in the cases presented to College Veterinary Clinics. The infection was distributed more (40%) in younger dogs (< 6 month of age), males (82.85%) and in Mongrel dogs (51.43%). Most of the cases were presented in nervous form (54.28%) alone and in rest of the cases, combination of nervous form along with respiratory, digestive, cutaneous or ocular form in various combinations were presented. The prominent clinical signs were diarrhoea (2.85%) and vomition (2.85%) in digestive form; coughing (8.57%) and nasal discharge (22.85%) in respiratory form; pustules over ventral abdominal area (14.28%) and hyperkeratosis of nose and footpads (5.71%) in cutaneous form; ocular discharge (28.57%) in ocular form; generalized seizures(28.57%), myoclonus of head (25.71%), limbs (8.57%), abdominal muscles (11.42%), jaw champing (34.14%), incoordination and ataxia (14.28%) and hind limb paralysis (25.71%) in nervous form. Other clinical signs included anorexia, inappetance, dehydration and general depression. Haematology revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis along with lymphopaenia. Biochemically, hypoproteinemia and raised AST values were observed. Main histopathological findings were interstitial pneumonia, demylenating changes in the brain besides swollen astrocytes with mild to moderate lymphocytic infilteration and hyperkeratosis of the foot pad. The symptomatic and supportive therapy was not much effective in treating the cases presented with nervous form of the disease as the recovery rate was only 16.67 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ENZOOTIC BOVINE HEMATURIA THESIS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017) Garpha, Deepa; Wadhwa, Des RajThe present investigation was conducted on 59 cattle presented with history of hematuria at clinical camps held at Sainj valley of district Kullu, Barot and Janjheli valley of district Mandi. Enzootic bovine hematuria (EBH) is prevalent in Kullu, Mandi, Shimla, Chamba and Sirmour districts of Himachal Pradesh. Maximum incidence of EBH was reported in age group of 2 to 8 years (34 cases, 57.62%). Males (50.84%) were equally affected as females (49.15%). Breed wise, maximum cases of hematuria were recorded in Zebu cattle (64.40%) followed by Jersey-cross (30.50%) and Holstein Friesian (5.08%). The prominent clinical signs were voiding of blood stained urine, pale visible mucous membranes, mild tachycardia (76.47 ± 1.39 per min), general debility, depressed rumen motility (1.79 ± 0.05 per 2 min) with normal appetite. Haematological examination revealed significantly low haemoglobin (7.59 ± 0.20 g/dl), packed cell volume (25.28 ± 0.71%), total erythrocyte count (4.61 ± 0.13×10⁶/µl), mean corpuscular volume (55.19 ± 0.84 fl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (16.58 ± 0.21 pg) values indicating microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Leucopenia (5.64 ± 0.29× 103 /µl), lymphopenia (53.16 ± 1.61%) and monocytosis (6.94 ± 0.31%) were also observed. Biochemically, EBH affected animals had hypoproteinaemia (5.83 ± 0.09 g/dl), hypoglycaemia (49.05 ± 1.07 mg/dl), hypocalcaemia (7.88 ± 0.05 mg/dl), hypophosphataemia (3.42 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and iron deficiency (84.03 ± 1.20mg/dl) with elevated blood urea nitrogen (37.27 ± 2.32 mg/dl) and creatinine levels (2.00 ± 0.16 mg/dl). BPV-2 DNA was detected from 19 out of 45 blood samples of EBH affected cattle. Urine was alkaline in nature (pH 8.48 ± 0.14), normal specific gravity (1.020 ± 0.001) and average erythrocytic count of 0.35 ± 0.03× 10⁶/cu mm of urine. Urine was positive for protein (100%) and glucose (48%). Microbiological investigation of urine samples revealed that Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. were the major associated bacterial infections. Ultrasonography proved to be a useful tool for evaluation of vesicular diverticular neoplasm and is a very sensitive indicator for detecting space occupying lesions at a very early stage. Symptomatic therapy comprising of antibiotic, haemostat, haematinic mixture and mineral mixture lead to mild and transient response suggesting long term therapy to increase longevity of affected animal.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CANINE SEIZURE(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-25) Anand, Ashmita; Wadhwa, Des RajThe study was conducted on 40 dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.) with the history of seizures between November 2015 and April 2017. On the basis of history and clinical examination, dogs affected with seizures were subjected to haemato-biochemical examinations. The overall incidence of Canine seizure was 2.68% (40/1493) in the cases presented to College Veterinary Clinics. Out of 40 cases, 62.5% were of idiopathic seizure, 25% were of structural (Canine Distemper) and 12.5% were of reactive seizure. Incidence of idiopathic seizure was 1.67% (25/1493). Among idiopathic seizure, 84% cases showed their first symptom at the age between 6 months to 6 years. The mean age at onset of seizure in all cases was 2.26±0.33 years. The disease was more prevalent in males (62.5%) and in Mongrel dogs (22.5%). The prominent clinical signs were generalized tonic-clonic movements (62.5%) and partial seizure symptoms (37.5%) including jaw champing, myoclonous, stiffness of limbs and jaws and circling movements with pre ictal and post ictal symptoms. Duration of ictus varied from 1-15 minutes in different cases and 57.5 per cent cases having ictus duration upto 3 minutes. Myoclonous was almost persistent in 70 per cent cases of structural seizure. The frequency of seizure varied from 1-2/day to more than 10 seizures per day. Other clinical observations included raised body temperature (104.06±1.22⁰ F in poisoning cases), tachypnoea, tachycardia, anorexia, oculonasal discharge and dehydration. Haematological examination revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis and lymphopenia in structural seizure (Canine Distemper), hepatic encephalopathy and poisoning cases. The mean activities of ALT and AST were markedly higher in hepatic encephalopathy and poisoning cases. Biochemical examination revealed increased BUN, creatinine, total and differential bilirubin and hypoproteinemia in hepatic encephalopathy cases. Mineral estimation revealed hypocalcemia in idiopathic, structural and reactive cases and hypomagnesemia in idiopathic and structural cases. Combined therapy comprising Potassium bromide and Levetiracetam along with supportive therapy was found most efficacious (total survival rate of 90 %) with least adverse effects and clinical improvement in shortest time.