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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: H B, Vinay × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Affections in Dogs
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-12-31) H B, Vinay; Katoch, Ajay
    The present investigation was aimed to study the Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Affections in dogs. A total of 2276 dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. G C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur were screened for lower urinary tract affections. On the basis of history and clinical signs, haematological examination, biochemical analysis, urine examination, radiographic, ultrasonographic and endoluminal imaging studies, 86 cases suffering from lower urinary tract affections were included in the present study representing an incidence of 3.78%. Amongst 86 dogs, 42 dogs were affected with cystitis, 20 dogs with urolithiasis, 6 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 18 dogs with prostate affections. Incidence of lower urinary tract affections was highest in age group >8 years (34.88%). The incidence of cystitis was highest in the age group >8 years (28.57%), urolithiasis was highest in the age group >8 years (30%), whereas transitional cell carcinoma incidence was highest in 2 months - 2 year and >8 years age group (33.33%) each and prostate affections incidence was highest in the age group >8 years (55.56%). Labrador Retriever, Mongrel, Pug and German Shepherd were the most common affected dog breeds. Haematuria, dribbling of urine and pollakiuria were the most common clinical signs associated with cystitis and urolithiasis, whereas haematuria, dysuria and pollakiuria were commonly observed in dogs suffering from transitional cell carcinoma. Pollakiuria, stranguria, dysuria and rectal tenesmus/tapered stools were the common clinical signs associated with prostate affections. Leucocytosis was observed in all the groups whereas thrombocytopenia was observed in urolithiasis and prostate affections. BUN and Creatinine were significantly increased in urolithiasis with no significant change in cystitis, whereas BUN value was increased significantly in TCC and Prostate affected dogs. The phosphorus value was significantly increased in cystitis, calcium and phosphorus were increased in urolithiasis affected dogs, whereas phosphorus value was increased in prostate affections. Upon urinalysis, the urine pH and urine specific gravity were increased in cystitis, urolithiasis and prostate affections, whereas urine specific gravity was increased in TCC. Radiographically, out of 20 uroliths, multiple cystoliths were detected in 15 cases and in 5 cases stones were present in the urethra whereas in prostate affections, distended urinary bladder along with enlarged prostate was evident in 2 cases and enlarged prostate alone was evident in 11 cases. Ultrasonographically, in cystitis, distended bladder was reported in 35 cases, where the mean urinary bladder wall thickness was 4.47 ± 0.28 mm. In urolithiasis, there was thickened urinary bladder with hyperechoic foci which casted clear one or multiple acoustic shadows, whereas TCC was evident as urinary bladder thickening with lobular mass protruding into the lumen of the bladder. In prostate affections, ultrasound detected 18 cases with prostate affections, out of which 6 cases were prostatic cysts, 7 cases had enlarged prostate, 4 cases had prostate abscess and one case was prostatic neoplasia. In 4 cases, urethroscopy diagnosed stones located in the lumen of the urethra. Venous acid base status of renal failure dogs concurrent with lower urinary tract affections revealed significantly decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3) which were indicative of metabolic acidosis. The ratio of uALP: uCreatinine and uGGT: uCreatinine were 0.05 ± 0.091 and 0.24 ± 0.088. On antibiogram, the bacterial isolates were most sensitive to Meropenem (70%, 28/40), followed by Marbofloxacin (60%, 24/40), Nitrofurantoin (50%, 20/40), Enrofloxacin (47.5%, 19/40), whereas Metronidazole (67.5%) and Oxytetracycline (55%) showed maximum resistance. The survivability rate was 83.33% (35/42) in cystitis, 85% (17/20) in urolithiasis, 33.33% (2/6) in transitional cell carcinoma and 77.77% (14/18) in prostate affections. The overall survivability rate was 79.07% (68/86).