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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability and interrelationship among horticultural traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)(palampur, 2017-06-30) Sharma, Simran; Singh, YudhvirThe present investigation entitled, “Genetic variability and interrelationship among horticultural traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)” was undertaken at the Research Farm of the „Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture‟, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during winter season 2015-16. The experimental material comprising of thirty five genotypes of faba bean including one check namely, „Vikrant-B‟ were evaluated in randomized block design over three replications to assess the nature of genetic variability, association among various traits, and their direct and indirect effects on pod yield per plant for effective selection. Data were recorded on nineteen characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, node at which first flower appears, branches per plant, pods per node, nodes per plant, plant height (cm), days to maturity, pod length (cm), pods per plant, pod yield per plant (g), seeds per pod, seed yield per plant (g), seed size (cm), 100-seed weight (g), harvest index ( per cent), total soluble solids (oBrix), dry matter ( per cent), ascorbic acid (mg/100g) and protein content ( per cent). In addition, morphological characterization for seed colour was also recorded visually. The observations were recorded on ten competitive plants which were randomly selected in each entry over the replications. On the basis of mean performance, „Local-1-C‟ was the top ranking genotype for pod yield per plant which significantly outperformed all the genotypes with an increase in yield of 44.58 per cent over check „Vikrant-B‟. In addition, fifteen genotypes produced pod yield similar to that of „Vikrant-B‟. HB-123-B (54.00g), HB-123-C (51.00g), HB-511-C (48.00g), PRT-7-B (46.87g), HB-40-A (46.67g) and HB-193-A (45.33g) were the top performing genotypes among them. The superior performance of these genotypes for fresh pod yield per plant was mainly attributed to their superior/comparable performance for pods per node, nodes per plant, pod length, pods per plant, branches per plant, seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight to that of best performing check „Vikrant-B‟. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for node at which first flower appears, pods per plant, harvest index, protein content and pod yield per plant indicating the inheritance of these characters under the control of additive gene action and selection would be more effective for their improvement. Based on correlation and path coefficient analysis, nodes per plant, pods per plant, branches per plant, seed yield per plant, seed size, 100-seed weight, harvest index and protein content could be considered as the best selection parameters for evolving high yielding genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN F4 PROGENIES OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(CSHHPKV Palampur, 2017-06-15) SEHGAL, NIDHI; Chadha, SanjayTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important solanaceous vegetable crops grown widely all over the world. Its cultivation in commercial growing pockets of Himachal Pradesh is severely affected due to bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Smith. Resistant genotypes have been developed at various research centers, located within the country and abroad but these genotypes were not found suitable for growing in Himachal Pradesh as these are lacking in one or other characteristics. The present investigation entitled “Variability and association studies in F4 progenies of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was undertaken by evaluating 18 bacterial wilt resistant F4 progenies viz., (Palam Pride × BWR-5)-1-15, (Palam Pride × BWR-5)-1-16, (Palam Pride × BWR-5)-2-3, (Palam Pride × BWR-5)-2-6, (Hawaii 7998 × Palam Pride)-2-7, (Hawaii 7998 × BWR-5)-3-1, (CLN2070B-1 × 12-1)-2-8, (CLN2070B-1 × 12-1)-2-16, (CLN2123A-1 × BWR-5)-3-6, Avtaar-1-3, Avtaar-1-13, Avtaar-1-15, (12-1 × BWR-5)-1-7, (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-2, (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-13, (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-14, (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-18 and (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-19 along with two bacterial wilt resistant standard checks (Palam Pink and Palam Pride) to identify the promising progenies on the basis of nature and extent of genetic variability, association among component traits and marketable yield and direct and indirect effects of each of the component traits on marketable yield. These genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in summer-rainy season’2016 at the Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, COA, CSK HPKV, Palampur. To ascertain the severity of the disease, two susceptible checks, Roma and Marglobe were planted at every alternate 11th row in the experiment. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits except plant survival. The maximum marketable yield per plant was produced by the progenies Avtaar-1-3 (0.87kg) followed by (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-18 (0.76kg), (Hawaii 7998 × BWR-5)-3-1 (0.75kg), (Palam Pride × BWR-5)-2-3 (0.70kg), (Palam Pride × BWR-5)-1-16 (0.69kg), (CLN2070B-1 × 12-1)-2-8 (0.66kg), Avtaar-1-15 (0.63kg) and (12-1 × BWR-5)-2-14 (0.62kg). These top yielding progenies also excelled in many other horticultural traits. For most of the characters high to moderate PCV and GCV estimates along with high heritability and genetic advance were observed. The estimates of PCV were higher than corresponding GCV for all the characters studied which indicated that the apparent variation is not only due to genotypes but also due to the influence of environment. Marketable yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with total and marketable fruits per plant, gross yield per plant and pericarp thickness at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Days to 50 per cent flowering, locules per fruit, plant height and total soluble solids had significant negative association with marketable yield per plant at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that marketable fruits per plant and average fruit weight had the maximum positive contribution (direct and indirect) towards marketable yield per plant, hence these traits require special attention to improve upon marketable yield and other component traits.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICAL STUDIES IN CHERRY TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) CULTIVARS UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Shiksha; Sharma, ParveenFourteen genotypes of cherry tomato were evaluated under modified naturally ventilated polyhouse at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during autumn winter season, 2017-2018 for marketable yield and its component traits to assess the morphological diversity among the genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes viz. Solan Red Round, IC-383117 and EC-383109 were found superior for marketable fruit yield, number of marketable fruits per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of nodes per plant and plant height among all the genotypes evaluated. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for almost all the traits studied. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed for number of fruits per cluster and lycopene content. Hence, it was inferred that there is better scope for improvement of these traits through direct selection. Marketable yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, number of nodes per plant and plant height at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Number of marketable fruits per cluster had the maximum and significant direct contribution towards marketable yield per plant followed by plant height. However, fruit yield per plant was also significantly increased by indirect effects of number fruits per plant, number of nodes per plant and plant height via number of fruits per cluster. As number of fruits per cluster, plant height, number of fruits per plant and number of nodes per plant have high selection index, therefore due emphasis should be given to these characters in selection programme for improvement of cherry tomato to evolve high yielding genotypes from consumers’ perspective.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ROOTSTOCKS FOR BIOTIC STRESS MANAGEMENT IN TOMATO UNDER PROTECTED CONDITIONS.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-05-14) Sharma, Vibhuti; Kumar, PardeepTomato is one of the principle vegetables grown under protected conditions worldwide. Biotic stresses are among major constraints which are affecting vegetable crops. Bacterial wilt of tomato (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the devastating bacterial diseases affecting vascular bundles of plants. Plant-parasitic nematodes are economic pests of agriculture importance and tomato is regarded as the favourable host for root knot nematode. Vegetable production and productivity is very high under protected environments as compared to open field conditions. But production under protected conditions has suffered a great setback due to biotic stresses such as bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanceraum and nematode infestation (Meliodogyne sp.) Both these problems are not easy to manage and there is no effective chemical treatment to manage these biotic stresses under polyhouses. The chemical control measures and manipulation of agronomical practices are not effective to control the disease. Hence, identification and development of new improved disease resistant cultivars is very important to boost up the production and productivity of crop in wilt prone areas of H.P. In order to combine various desirable horticultural traits in tomato along with resistance to diseases, the most appropriate approach is grafting of desirable scion on resistant rootstocks. Therefore, keeping above mentioned facts, the present investigation entitled “Evaluation of rootstocks for biotic stress management in tomato under protected conditions” was carried out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and cleft grafting method was used to graft desirable scion on resistant rootstocks. The treatments comprised of sixteen different rootstocks and one commercial hybrid GS-600 which was horticulturally superior and was used as a scion. The data were recorded on various growth parameters, horticultural and quality traits. All rootstocks used in the study were found resistant to bacterial wilt. For nematode incidence rootstocks Green Gourd (Tomato), Brinjal (VI-34845), Chilli rootstocks (PI-201232 and AVPP0205) were found to be resistant. Whereas, Brinjal rootstock VI-47335 (EG-195) was found moderately resistant. Rootstock Green Gourd and VI-34845 were found resistant for bacterial wilt as well as for nematode incidence. Therefore, these rootstocks can be used for countering biotic stresses such as (bacterial wilt and nematodes) efficiently under protected conditions. For early production to fetch higher returns plants grafted on rootstock LS-89 proved best as it was found superior to other rootstocks for days to first flowering (28.00) and days to first harvest (75.50). To get higher yield in terms of number of marketable fruits per plant (23.67), average fruit weight (91.50 g), marketable fruit yield per plant (2.16 kg) and marketable fruit yield per square metre (25.92 kg/m2) as well as for prolonged harvest duration (72.62 days) plants grafted on tomato rootstock Green Gourd found superior. The rootstock Hawaii-7998 showed higher success rate (97.00 %) when scion GS-600 was grafted on it. Grafted plants on various rootstocks excelled in quality over non-grafted plants and were high-caliber for TSS (5.48 0 Brix ) which was found higher in plants grafted on rootstock Arka Nidhi. Lycopene content (6.75 mg/100 g) was recorded maximum in plants grafted on rootstock Back Attack. Whereas, titrable acidity an important quality trait was detected in plants grafted on rootstock VI-47335 (0.67%). Fruit firmness hold great significance for enhanced shelf life as well as maintaining quality during transit was recorded highest in plants grafted on rootstock Palam Pink (4.34 kg/cm2). Ascorbic acid content which has exceptional importance in human health was also adjudged highest in plants grafted on rootstock Palam Pink (21.94 mg/100g). This rootstock also recorded maximum fruit length (5.49 cm) as well as fruit width (5.99cm). Pericarp thickness which plays remarkable role in long distance transportation was recorded highest in plants grafted on rootstock Palam Pride (5.81mm). Benefit cost ratio is a critical factor in crop production to determine the expenses incurred and returns received in any crop production. Higher Benefit: cost ratio (10.76) was found in plants grafted on rootstock Green Gourd.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT PYRAMID LINES OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L.) UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH.(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-29) Raj, Priyanka; Katoch, VivekaThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of powdery mildew resistant pyramid lines of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during rabi seasons 2017-18 and 2018-19 to identify high yielding powdery mildew resistant line(s) and to assess genetic variability and association amongst yield and quality traits in garden pea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications utilizing seven lines viz., Line 1-2, P116-2, P-227, P120-4, P120-1, P116-3 and P138-2 and three checks namely, Azad P-1, Palam Priya and Punjab-89. Data were recorded on yield and related horticultural traits including powdery mildew incidence. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among lines for all the traits studied. On the basis of pod yield per plant, other component traits and powdery mildew resistance Line 1-2, P-227, P120-4 and P138-2 have been identified as promising lines for cultivation in mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. High magnitude of PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic gain was observed for number of primary branches per plant, internodal distance and number of nodes per plant. Correlation analysis indicated that pod yield per plant can be enhanced by enhancing number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of primary branches per plant, total soluble solids, pod length and number of nodes per plant. Path analysis revealed that for effective improvement in pod yield per plant in garden pea, the selection should be done for more number of pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of nodes per plant and less internodal distance.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY AND INTER RELATIONSHIPS AMONG BULB YIELD AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-20) Sharma, Shivam; Chaudhary, D.R.The present investigation entitled “Genetic variability and inter relationships among bulb yield and associated traits in garlic (Allium sativum L.)” was undertaken at the Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur during Rabi, 2017-18. Twenty five genotypes including GHC-1 as standard check, were evaluated in a RBD with three replications to assess various parameters of genetic variability. The data were recorded on ten competitive plants in each entry over the replications for bulb yield and yield related traits. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of sufficient genetic diversity amongst genotypes for all the traits studied. Based on mean performance, Kanaid Local Selection and Chambi Local Selection were the top ranking genotypes for bulb yield per plant which significantly out yielded all the genotypes with a significant increase of 28.74 % and 12.71 %, respectively over standard check, GHC-1. High estimates of PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed for bulbils per plant, clove weight, leaf width at middle portion, clove equatorial diameter, cloves per bulb and pseudo stem diameter, suggested the involvement of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. The correlation and path coefficients studies revealed that clove weight, bulb equatorial diameter, clove polar diameter, leaf length and clove equatorial diameter were the best selection indices for increasing bulb yield. The Mahalanobis D2 statistic, categorized 25 genotypes into six clusters with cluster V being the largest containing seven genotypes. The highest inter cluster distances were observed between cluster IV and cluster V followed by cluster IV and cluster VI. The cluster IV was found best for bulb yield per plant, bulb yield per plot, clove weight, clove length, clove polar diameter, clove equatorial diameter, bulb polar diameter, bulb equatorial diameter and leaf width at middle portion. The selection of genotypes based upon large cluster distances may lead to favorable broad spectrum genetic variability. The principal component analysis revealed that 92.93 % variation was explained by first six significant principal components. The traits, plant height (PC1 and PC2), clove polar diameter (PC3), leaf length (PC4), cloves per bulb (PC5) and pseudo stem length (PC6) were the maximum contributors towards genetic divergenceThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-05-22) Dhillon, Navjot Singh; Sharma, ParveenThe present study was undertaken with a view to know the extent of heterosis, combining ability, gene action and genetics of bacterial wilt resistant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Seven parental lines viz., BL 333-3, CLN 2123, 12-1, Palam Pride, BT-20-3 (Yellow Egg Shape), Punjab Chhuhara and Roma were used to develop F1 hybrids through half diallel mating design (excluding reciprocals). All parental lines and hybrids were evaluated along with standard check Arka Rakshak in RBD with three replications under modified naturally ventilated polyhouse at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during spring-summer seasons of 2017 and 2018. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes (G) for fruit yield and other component traits in all the environments. Significant differences for environment (E) and G × E interaction for most of the traits indicated the role of environment on the performance of genotypes/crosses. Combined analysis of variance also indicated that mean squares due to parents, hybrids and parents vs. hybrids were significant for most of the traits. Variances due to GCA, SCA and their interaction with environment were significant for most of the traits, indicating the importance of testing parents as well as hybrids across environments. The top cross combinations identified on the basis of per se performance, heterosis and combining ability for fruit yield and component traits were Palam Pride × BT-20-3 (Yellow Egg Shape), 12-1 × Palam Pride and 12-1 × BT-20-3 (Yellow Egg Shape) under protected environment. The estimates of GCA effects revealed that parents BT-20-3 (Yellow Egg Shape), Palam Pride and 12-1 were the most promising general combiners. For most of the traits, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action which reaffirms the importance of hybrids in tomato. However, there also exists sizable proportions of additive variance which can be utilized to develop pure lines. For the study of genetics of bacterial wilt resistance, two resistant (BL 333-3 and Palam Pride) and two susceptible (Punjab Chhuhara and Roma) parents were used to develop six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2). It emerged that resistance to bacterial wilt disease was controlled by single dominant gene suggesting that development of hybrids involving at least one resistant parent is the best option for breeding tomato against bacterial wilt disease.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ASSESSMENT FOR FRUIT YIELD AND COMPONENT TRAITS OF BACTERIAL WILT TOLERANT GENOTYPES IN BELL PEPPER ((Capsiicum annuum L.. var.. grossum Sendtt..)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-04) Anuradha; Sood, SoniaThe prresentt iinvesttiigattiion enttiittlled “Genettiic assessmentt fforr ffrruiitt yiielld and componentt ttrraiitts off bactterriiall wiilltt ttollerrantt genottypes iin bellll pepperr ((Capsiicum annuum L.. varr.. grossum Sendtt..))” was underrttaken wiitth tthe objjecttiives off gettttiing tthe iinfforrmattiion on magniittude off genettiic varriiabiilliitty iin tthe bactterriiall wiilltt ttollerrantt genottypes,, tthe natturre and exttentt off associiattiion among componentt ttrraiitts and ttheiirr diirrectt and iindiirrectt conttrriibuttiions ttowarrds marrkettablle ffrruiitt yiielld and tto iidenttiiffy bactterriiall wiilltt rresiisttantt and horrttiiculltturralllly superriiorr genottypes.. The experriimentt was underrttaken iin 43 genottypes ((39 bactterriiall wiilltt ttollerrantt genottypes,, ttwo rresiisttantt,, one moderrattelly rresiisttantt and one suscepttiiblle check)) evalluatted iin Randomiized Compllette Bllock Desiign wiitth tthrree rreplliicattiions att Experriimenttall Farrm off Deparrttmentt off Vegettablle Sciience and Fllorriiculltturre,, CSK HPKV,, Pallampurr durriing summerr--rraiiny season,, 2018.. Datta werre rrecorrded on days tto 50 perr centt ffllowerriing,, days tto ffiirrstt piickiing,, pllantt heiightt ((cm)),, prriimarry brranches perr pllantt,, harrvestt durrattiion ((days)),, ffrruiitt llengtth ((cm)),, ffrruiitt wiidtth ((cm)),, perriicarrp tthiickness ((mm)),, llobes perr ffrruiitt,, averrage ffrruiitt weiightt ((g)),, marrkettablle ffrruiitts perr pllantt,, marrkettablle ffrruiitt yiielld perr pllantt ((g)),, capsantthiin conttentt ((ASTA uniitts)),, TSS ((ºBrriix)) and ascorrbiic aciid conttentt ((mg//100g)).. The anallysiis off varriiance rrevealled siigniiffiicantt diifffferrences among genottypes fforr allll quanttiittattiive and qualliitty ttrraiitts allong wiitth diisease rreacttiion sttudiied.. The maxiimum ffrruiitt yiielld perr pllantt was obserrved iin genottype DPCBWR--14--39 ((541..44 g)) ffollllowed by DPCBWR--14--36 ((510..30 g)),, DPCBWR--14--2 ((448..93 g)),, DPCBWR--14--35 ((424..34 g)) and DPCBWR--14--29 ((421..49 g)).. The esttiimattes off PCV and GCV werre hiigh fforr marrkettablle ffrruiitts perr pllantt,, marrkettablle ffrruiitt yiielld perr pllantt and capsantthiin conttentt depiicttiing tthe prresence off substtanttiiall varriiabiilliitty.. Hiigh herriittabiilliitty couplled wiitth hiigh genettiic advance was obserrved fforr ffrruiitt llengtth,, marrkettablle ffrruiitts perr pllantt,, marrkettablle ffrruiitt yiielld perr pllantt,, capsantthiin conttentt and ascorrbiic aciid rrevealliing tthe iimporrttance off addiittiive gene acttiion.. Hence,, tthese charractterrs coulld be iimprroved tthrrough diirrectt sellecttiion.. Among viisualllly obserrved charractterrs,, ffrruiitt collourr,, ffrruiitt shape,, ffrruiitt shape att pediicell attttachmentt,, ffrruiitt shape att bllossom end and ffrruiitt posiittiion werre rrecorrded.. Based upon corrrrellattiion and patth coeffffiiciientt anallysiis,, marrkettablle ffrruiitts perr pllantt,, averrage ffrruiitt weiightt,, harrvestt durrattiion and ffrruiitt wiidtth fforr marrkettablle ffrruiitt yiielld perr pllantt coulld be consiiderred as tthe rrelliiablle sellecttiion parrametterrs fforr evollviing hiigh yiielldiing genottypes.. On tthe basiis off overrallll perrfforrmance,, genottypes DPCBWR--14--39 and DPCBWR--14--29 werre obserrved tto be prromiisiing fforr marrkettablle ffrruiitt yiielld perr pllantt couplled wiitth days tto 50 perr centt ffllowerriing,, days tto ffiirrstt piickiing,, harrvestt durrattiion,, perriicarrp tthiickness,, ffrruiitt wiidtth,, averrage ffrruiitt weiightt,, marrkettablle ffrruiitts perr pllantt and pllantt surrviivall off 93..75 perr centt rrevealliing ttherreby,, tthese genottypes arre mostt desiirrablle fforr ffurrttherr sellecttiion.. Among ttop yiielldiing genottypes,, DPCBWR--14--36 and DPCBWR--14--35 werre tthe onlly genottypes whiich allso exhiibiitted excellllentt qualliitty ttrraiitts viiz..,, ascorrbiic aciid ((113..55 mg//100g)) and TSS ((4..23 ºBrriix)),, rrespecttiivelly allongwiitth bactterriiall wiilltt rresiisttance.. These genottypes can be diirrecttlly used afftterr mullttii--llocattiion ttesttiing..ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN OKRA (Abellmoschus escullentus (L..) Moench)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-10) Kaur, Amandeep; Sood, SoniaOkrra ((Abellmoschus escullenttus ((L..)) Moench)) allso calllled as llady‟‟s ffiingerr orr bhiindii iis one off tthe mostt common,, exporrtt orriientted and prriinciipall vegettablle crrops grrown allll tthe yearr rround iin tthe counttrry iinclludiing llow and miid hiilllls off Hiimachall Prradesh.. Devellopmentt off hiigh yiielldiing and yellllow veiin mosaiic viirrus ((YVMV)) rresiisttantt varriiettiies iis tthe majjorr necessiitty iin tthiis crrop.. IIntterrspeciiffiic and iintterrvarriiettall hybrriidiizattiion ffollllowed by sellecttiion have been adoptted tto devellop hiigh yiielldiing and YVMV rresiisttantt varriiettiies.. Howeverr,, a ffrrequentt brreakdown off YVMV rresiisttance iin mostt off tthe rresiisttantt varriiettiies has ttaken pllace and tthiis needs iimmediiatte attttenttiion.. Hence,, iidenttiiffiicattiion and devellopmentt off new iimprroved diisease rresiisttantt cullttiivarrs iis verry iimporrttantt tto ffurrttherr boostt up tthe prroducttiion and prroducttiiviitty off tthe crrop.. Based on tthese consiiderrattiions,, tthe prresentt iinvesttiigattiion was,, ttherrefforre,, underrttaken iin 30 diiverrse genottypes off okrra evalluatted iin Randomiized Compllette Bllock Desiign wiitth tthrree rreplliicattiions att Pallampurr durriing summerr--rraiiny season,, 2018 tto assess tthe genettiic parrametterrs off varriiabiilliitty and tto underrsttand tthe iintterr--rrellattiionshiips among horrttiiculltturrall ttrraiitts fforr marrkett and seed crrop.. The anallysiis off varriiance rrevealled siigniiffiicantt diifffferrences among genottypes fforr allll quanttiittattiive and qualliitty ttrraiitts allong wiitth diisease rreacttiion sttudiied iin botth marrkett and seed crrop.. The maxiimum pod yiielld was obserrved iin genottype 9801 ffollllowed by Kashii Viibhuttii,, DPO--5,, Pallam Komall and Punjjab Suhawanii,, wherreas iin seed crrop tthe genottypes DPO--5,, Kashii Sattdharrii,, Pallam Komall,, 9801 and Punjjab Suhawanii werre tthe hiighestt seed yiiellderr.. The esttiimattes off phenottypiic coeffffiiciientt off varriiattiion ((PCV)) and genottypiic coeffffiiciientt off varriiattiion ((GCV)) werre hiigh fforr muciillage iin marrkett crrop,, whiille iin seed crrop,, iitt was hiigh fforr seed yiielld.. The PCV and GCV vallues fforr ottherr ttrraiitts werre llow tto moderratte depiicttiing tthe prresence off substtanttiiall varriiabiilliitty.. Hiigh herriittabiilliitty couplled wiitth hiigh genettiic advance was obserrved fforr rriidges perr pod,, muciillage and pod yiielld perr pllantt iin marrkett crrop.. IIn seed crrop seed viigourr,, node att whiich tthe ffiirrstt pod sett and seed yiielld werre ffound tto have hiigh herriittabiilliitty couplled wiitth hiigh genettiic advance,, rrevealliing tthe iimporrttance off addiittiive gene acttiion fforr tthese ttrraiitts iin botth marrkett and seed crrop.. Hence,, tthese charractterrs coulld be iimprroved tthrrough diirrectt sellecttiion.. Low herriittabiilliitty associiatted wiitth llow genettiic advance fforr days tto marrkettablle matturriitty and pod diiametterr iin tthe marrkett crrop,, whiille days tto 50 perr centt ffllowerriing and days tto seed matturriitty iin tthe seed crrop werre iindiicattiive off non--addiittiive gene acttiion,, and consequenttlly llow genettiic gaiin iis expectted ffrrom sellecttiion iin such a siittuattiion.. Among viisualllly obserrved charractterrs,, grreen,, darrk grreen and yellllowiish grreen pod collourr att iimmatturre sttage,, downy tto slliighttlly rrough pubescence and allmostt 5 rriidges perr pod werre rrecorrded iin tthe genottypes evalluatted.. Based upon corrrrellattiion and patth--coeffffiiciientt anallysiis rrevealled tthatt tthe sellecttiion based on pods perr pllantt,, nodes perr pllantt,, durrattiion off avaiillabiilliitty off ediiblle pods,, pllantt heiightt and averrage pod weiightt iin marrkett crrop,, wherreas iin seed crrop sellecttiion based on seeds perr pod,, pllantt heiightt,, nodes perr pllantt and 100--seed weiightt woulld be ffrruiittffull and rrewarrdiing fforr effffecttiive iimprrovementt off pod and seed yiielld,, rrespecttiivelly.. IIn marrkett crrop genottypes 9801,, Kashii Viibhuttii,, DPO--5 and Punjjab Suhawanii werre hiighestt yiiellderr,, wherreas iin seed crrop tthe genottypes DPO--5,, Kashii Sattdharrii,, 9801 and Punjjab Suhawanii werre tthe hiighestt yiiellderr and werre superriiorr ffrrom check Punjjab--8 botth iin marrkett and seed crrop.. Barrrriing DPO--5,, ottherr genottypes werre earrlly ffllowerriing ttypes fforr botth marrkett and seed crrop.. Allll hiigh yiielldiing genottypes had grreen orr darrk grreen pods wiitth downy pubescence.. Exceptt Kashii Sattdharrii hiigh yiielldiing genottypes werre rresiisttantt tto powderry miilldew botth iin marrkett and seed crrop underr ffiielld condiittiions.. 9801,, DPO--5 and Punjjab Suhawanii werre tthe genottypes whiich werre tthe mostt desiirrablle botth fforr marrkett and seed crrop.. Hence,, tthese arre lliikelly tto perrfforrm betttterr iin Hiimachall Prradesh afftterr mullttii--location testing as these possess iinherrentt abiilliitty tto hiigh yiielldiing allong wiitth powderry miilldew rresiisttance and superriiorr quality traits.
