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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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2011 - 201927
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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2011 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 27
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Etiology and epidemiology of collar rot complex of cowpea.
    (CSK HPKV,Palampur, 2019-09-30) Siddharth Anand; Banyal, D.K.
    The present investigation entitled “Etiology and epidemiology of collar rot complex of cowpea” was undertaken to identify the associated pathogen(s), factors affecting the pathogen & disease development and effect of weather variables on the diseases development. Collar rot of cowpea is known to be caused by number of pathogens and is one of the most destructive disease in Himachal Pradesh. Isolation was taken from the diseased samples and three fungal pathogen were isolated among which pathogenecity was established only with Sclerotium sp. On the basis of symptological and morpho-cultural characteristics of test pathogen, the pathogen was ascertained as Sclerotium rolfsii. Maximum mycelial growth and sclerotial production was observed on potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar at 30°C to 25°C, respectively. Incubation and latent period of S. rolfsii was observed to be 7 and 13 days respectively. Inoculum load of pathogen was tested between 1g-5g/kg of soil and 2g/kg of soil was found optimum, which gave 86.66 percent disease incidence. Young and early generation of cultures gave maximum disease incidence of collar rot. Significant decrease in the disease incidence was observed with increase in age and sub-culturing of pathogen. The disease incidence was observed maximum at low soil moisture and disease incidence was decreased with increase in soil moisture. Sandy clay loam soil gave the maximum per cent incidence of disease and minimum was observed with silty clay loam. The disease incidence was observed minimum in early sown crop as compared to normal and late sown crop. The minimum disease incidence was also observed at wider spacing (60 cm), as compared to normal (45 cm) and closer (30 cm) spacings. Maximum disease incidence 76.53 per cent was observed on late sown and narrow spaced crop (30 cm) as compared to timely and normal sowing and wider spacing. Disease incidence was highly positively correlated with temperature (minimum, maximum and average) and relative humidity (minimum, maximum and average) on all the dates and sowing. The coefficient of determination revealed that the temperature and relative humidity contributed 97.8, 90.06 and 97.1 per cent towards incidence of collar rot on crop sown at 7th June, 22nd June and 8th July, respectively. AUDPC and infection rate (r) followed the similar trend of disease incidence with respect to 7th June, 22nd June and 8th July date of sowing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PEA ROOT ROT/WILT COMPLEX DISEASE.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur., 2016) Nisha, Kumari; Thakur, B.R.
    The present investigations entitled “Studies on pea root rot/wilt complex disease” had been undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during 2014-2016. Pea root rot /wilt complex had been noticed as an emerging problem in different agro climatic zones of pea growing regions of Himachal Pradesh. The disease has been observed with different intensity levels in different pea growing areas of the state. In Zone IV, the highest disease incidence of 54.7 % was recorded at HAREC, Kukumseri whereas, in Zone III, the disease incidence remained in moderate form i.e. 19.7%. However, in Zone II, highest disease incidence of 35.3% was recorded at Palampur. The two species of Fusarium viz., F. solani f. sp. pisi and F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi were found associated with pea root rot/wilt complex in the state. Both species produced distinct symptoms when inoculated on pea seedlings in test tubes containing Hoagland's solution. F. solani f. sp. pisi was solely responsible to cause root rots of pea resulting in yellowing of leaves from basal leaf to upward whereas, F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi was responsible to cause wilting without root rots by clogging of xylem vessels. For disease management different components viz., composts, bioagents, botanicals, chemicals and germplasm were evaluated in vitro to frame the management strategies. Vermicompost showed the maximum mycelial inhibition of 39.7% against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and 36.3% against F. solani f. sp. pisi followed by Farm Yard Manure with 29.7 and 30.0%, respectively. SMA-5 strain of Trichoderma harzianum showed the maximum mycelial inhibition of 77.4 and 75.9 % against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and F. solani f. sp. pisi respectively. The plant extracts of test botanicals proved to be effective against both the pathogens at 25% concentration resulting in >60% inhibition of mycelial growth. However, Eupatorium adenophorum showed maximum inhibition of 83.8 % against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and 77.5% against F. solani f. sp. pisi followed by Eucalyptus sp. resulting 83.1 and 76.1% inhibition respectively. All the test fungicides were found effective even at 50 ppm with >70 % inhibition of mycelial growth against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi except Vitavax (carboxin 75 WP). Vitavax power (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5%) and Bavistin (carbendazim 50 WP) gave cent per cent mycelial inhibition even at 500 ppm followed by Tilt (propiconazole 25 EC) and Raxil (tebuconazole 2 DS) with 93.3 and 90.4 % respectively. In case of F. solani f. sp. pisi, Bavistin (carbendazim 50 WP), Raxil (tebuconazole 2 DS) and Vitavax power (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5%) yielded cent per cent mycelial inhibition at 1000 ppm. Out of one hundred thirteen elite pea lines, five pea genotypes viz, EC-329570, EC-329573, DPP-127-R, DPP-100, KS-268 were remained resistant against pea root rot complex. Management module comprised of soil amendment with Vermicompost : FYM (1:1) @ 15 t/ha carrying Trichoderma @ 2.5 kg/t and seed treatment with E. adenophorum @ 5.0 ml/kg seed was found most effective in the management of pea root rot /wilt complex pathogens giving maximum increase in yield i.e. 80.7 % as compare to control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT POWDERY MILDEW CAUSED BY Blumeria graminis tritici.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Kaur, Harneet; Basandrai, Ashwani Kumar
    The present investigation entitled “Eco-friendly management of wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis tritici” was undertaken to identify resistant sources, study pathogenic variation and the disease management using plant extracts and organic formulations. Out of 2023 genotypes, seventeen genotypes were free from disease at seedling and adult plant stage at Palampur and Malan during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Pathogenic variation was studied in 20 ascosporic isolates collected from Dalang Maidan (Lahaul & Spiti) during September-October, 2018, on a differential set comprising of 36 known Pm genes. Based on the differential reaction, the isolates were grouped into 20 pathotypes. The most virulent pathotype was 20 attacking 22 resistant genes whereas, pathotype 2 was the least virulent as it showed susceptible reaction on 12 genes i.e. Sonora (Pm3c), Aristide (Pm3g), Hope (Pm5a), Siete Cerros (Pm5b), Transec (Pm7), Kavkaz (Pm8), Norin (Pm10), Wembley (Pm12), Lr 34 (Pm38), TD114 (Pm2+6), Talent (Pm5+?) and Chancellor. Powdery mildew differential lines with resistance genes WHMN (Pm1c), Near isogenic line (Pm2), Chul (Pm3b) and Maris Dove (Pm2, Mld), were resistant to all isolates of B. graminis f.sp. tritici. Among plant extracts and organic formulations, Azadirachta indica (20%) under in vitro conditions and foliar spray under polyhouse conditions and Calotropis gigantia (15%) under field conditions were found to be the most effective and may be harnessed as a potential alternate to fungicides.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SHEATH BLIGHT (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) OF RICE.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-15) Kapoor, Pooja; Rana, S. K.
    The investigation on “Integrated management of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) of rice” was undertaken during 2017-19 in the Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur. Sheath blight pathogen was isolated from infected rice plants and pathogenicity was proved. Among six organic amendments, Jeevamrit and Neem Cake gave cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition of the Rhizoctonia solani at ≥ 15 and 30 per cent concentration, respectively by poisoned food technique. In vivo Neem Cake gave maximum disease control with 55.17, 52.94 and 50.00 per cent reduction in disease incidence and 40.49, 38.85 and 35.33 per cent reduction in disease severity at maximum tillering, booting and panicle formation stages, respectively followed by Jeevamrit. In vitro, Bavistin 50 WP (at ≥ 25 ppm), Nativo 75 WG (≥ 50 ppm), Vitavax 75 WP (≥ 100 ppm) and Raxil 250 EC at 250 ppm concentration gave cent per cent inhibition of R. solani. Bavistin 50 WP (0.1 %) was found to be most effective both as seedling root dip treatment with 64.52 and 51.27 per cent reduction in disease incidence and severity and foliar sprays with 70.59 and 85.93 per cent reduction in incidence and severity of ShB, respectively at maximum tillering stage and similar pattern of effectivity was observed at booting and panicle formation stages. Among 50 genotypes of rice screened under artificial infection conditions 14 genotypes were found to be resistant while 16 genotypes were moderately resistant. In compatibility studies T. harzianum (TH-4) showed complete compatibility with Raxil 250 EC at 1 ppm and moderate compatibility up to 7 ppm while all the bioagents viz., T. koningii (DMA-8), T. harzianum (TH-4), T. viride, T. harzianum (TH-11), T. harzinum (Isolate-7) and T. harzianum (Isolate-8) showed complete incompatibility with Bavistin 50 WP at all the concentrations (1-20 ppm). The integrated treatment T9 (soil amendment with Neem Cake + seedling root dip treatment with Bavistin 50 WP + foliar application of T. harzianum (TH-4) + foliar application of Raxil 250 EC) was found to be most effective in reducing disease incidence (64.56, 63.76 and 59.45 %) and severity (69.24, 66.27 and 66.31 %) at three crop stages (maximum tillering, booting and panicle formation), respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF HEAD BLIGHT ON SEED HEALTH OF WHEAT AND ITS MANAGEMENT.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Gupta, Himani; Sharma, P.N.
    In the present study, 59 processed wheat seed samples procured from different seed multiplication farms of University divided into two seed lots (sterilized and unsterilized) were assessed for the prevalence of seed mycoflora and Fusarium spp. associated with head blight disease and their impact on seed health. Attempts were also made to find suitable fungicide and bioagents to control the seed borne infection of head blight pathogen Fusarium graminearum and associated seed mycoflora. The associated seed mycoflora detected from two seed categories (sterilized and unsterilized) revealed the presence of 9 fungi (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. clavatus, Fusarium graminearum, F. poae, Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., and a non-sporulating fungus). Among the two assay methods, agar plate method was found more suitable than the blotter method in terms of mycoflora expression. A. alternata and F. graminearum were the most predominant fungi in most of the samples along with high frequency. Fusarium graminearum and F. poae were found to be associated with FHB disease in different wheat varieties being multiplied in different agro-climatic zones of the state. The seed health parameters viz., seed germination, seed and seedling health were adversely affected in artificially inoculated seed samples than apparently healthy samples, where seed germination was higher along with least seed and seedling rot. The seed germination reduced significantly by 71.86 per cent in F. graminearum inoculated seeds to that of 89.56 per cent in uninoculated apparently healthy seed lots. The seedling vigour index was also affected by F. graminearum inoculations with a seed vigor index of 1542.85 as compared to the uninoculated seeds (2069.87). Two seed dressing fungicides Vitavax Power and Bavistin were most effective in controlling the F. graminearum and other seed mycoflora, whereas among the bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum (TH-5) found to be most effective. In rolled paper towel bioassay seed treatment with Vitavax Power resulted in maximum mycoflora control including F. graminearum followed by T. harzianum. The seed vigour also increased in Vitavax Power treated seeds as gradual decrease in seed vigour and other seed health parameters were noticed over the period of storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SHEATH BLIGHT (Rhiizoctoniia sollanii Kuhn) OF RICE.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-15) Kapoor, Pooja; Rana, S. K.
    The iinvesttiigattiion on “Inttegratted managementt of sheatth blliightt (Rhiizocttoniia sollanii Kuhn) of riice” was underttaken duriing 2017-19 iin tthe Departtmentt of Pllantt Patthollogy,, CSK HPKV,, Pallampur.. Sheatth blliightt patthogen was iisollatted from iinfectted riice pllantts and patthogeniiciitty was proved.. Among siix organiic amendmentts,, Jeevamriitt and Neem Cake gave centt per centt mycelliiall growtth iinhiibiittiion of tthe Rhiizocttoniia sollanii att ≥ 15 and 30 per centt concenttrattiion,, respecttiivelly by poiisoned food ttechniique.. In viivo Neem Cake gave maxiimum diisease conttroll wiitth 55..17,, 52..94 and 50..00 per centt reducttiion iin diisease iinciidence and 40..49,, 38..85 and 35..33 per centt reducttiion iin diisease severiitty att maxiimum ttiilllleriing,, boottiing and paniiclle formattiion sttages,, respecttiivelly follllowed by Jeevamriitt.. In viittro,, Baviisttiin 50 WP (att ≥ 25 ppm),, Nattiivo 75 WG (≥ 50 ppm),, Viittavax 75 WP (≥ 100 ppm) and Raxiill 250 EC att 250 ppm concenttrattiion gave centt per centt iinhiibiittiion of R.. sollanii.. Baviisttiin 50 WP (0..1 %) was found tto be mostt effecttiive botth as seedlliing roott diip ttreattmentt wiitth 64..52 and 51..27 per centt reducttiion iin diisease iinciidence and severiitty and folliiar sprays wiitth 70..59 and 85..93 per centt reducttiion iin iinciidence and severiitty of ShB,, respecttiivelly att maxiimum ttiilllleriing sttage and siimiillar pattttern of effecttiiviitty was observed att boottiing and paniiclle formattiion sttages.. Among 50 genottypes of riice screened under arttiifiiciiall iinfecttiion condiittiions 14 genottypes were found tto be resiisttantt whiille 16 genottypes were moderattelly resiisttantt.. In compattiibiilliitty sttudiies T.. harziianum (TH-4) showed compllette compattiibiilliitty wiitth Raxiill 250 EC att 1 ppm and moderatte compattiibiilliitty up tto 7 ppm whiille allll tthe biioagentts viiz..,, T.. koniingiiii (DMA-8),, T.. harziianum (TH-4),, T.. viiriide,, T.. harziianum (TH-11),, T.. harziinum (Isollatte-7) and T.. harziianum (Isollatte-8) showed compllette iincompattiibiilliitty wiitth Baviisttiin 50 WP att allll tthe concenttrattiions (1-20 ppm).. The iinttegratted ttreattmentt T9 (soiill amendmentt wiitth Neem Cake + seedlliing roott diip ttreattmentt wiitth Baviisttiin 50 WP + folliiar applliicattiion of T.. harziianum (TH-4) + folliiar applliicattiion of Raxiill 250 EC) was found tto be mostt effecttiive iin reduciing diisease iinciidence (64..56,, 63..76 and 59..45 %) and severiitty (69..24,, 66..27 and 66..31 %) att tthree crop sttages (maxiimum ttiilllleriing,, boottiing and paniiclle formattiion),, respecttiivelly..
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF PEA ROOT ROT CAUSED BY Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Kaur, Khushwinder; Thakur, B.R.
    The present investigation entitled “Eco-friendly management of pea root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi” had been undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during 2017-2019. Pea root rot had been observed as an alarming problem in pea growing regions of Himachal Pradesh and poses major constraints in pea cultivations. At Bir, the highest disease incidence of 75.2 per cent was recorded. Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi was found to be associated with pea root rot in the state. The pathogen produced characteristic symptoms in pathogenicity tests as blackening and maceration of pea roots resulted in yellowing of leaves from basal leaf to upward. Different disease management components viz., composts, botanicals, bioagents, PGPR and organic inputs were evaluated for their efficacy against F. solani f. sp. pisi in vitro conditions. In the composts, Vermicompost showed the maximum mycelial inhibition of 36.7 per cent against F. solani f. sp. pisi followed by Sheep goat manure with 33.0 per cent at 25 per cent test concentration. In the bioagents and PGPR, a strain SMA-5 of Trichoderma harzianum showed maximum mycelial inhibition of 76.0 per cent against F. solani f. sp. pisi. Among botanicals, Eupatorium adenophorum yielded maximum mycelial inhibition of 77.4 per cent in alcoholic extracts whereas, 38.9 per cent in aqueous extracts against F. solani f. sp. pisi at 25 per cent test concentration. In the organic inputs , Jeevamrit showed cent per cent mycelial inhibition even at 8 per cent test concentration followed by Panchgavya with 62.7 per cent mycelial inhibition at 10 per cent test concentration against F. solani f. sp. pisi. For eco-friendly management module, soil amendment with Vermicompost @ 10 tonnes/ ha + chopped Eupatorium adenophorum leaves @ 20 tonnes/ ha and further seed treatment with Jeevamrit @ 5ml/ kg seed + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5ml/ kg seed + Trichoderma harzianum (SMA-5) @ 5g/ kg was found best against pea root rot pathogen to yield 60.87 per cent disease control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CULTIVATION OF GOLDEN OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS CITRINOPILEATUS SINGER)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-20) Thakur, Prerna; Sud, Arun Kumar
    The present investigations entitled “Studies on cultivation of golden oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer) was undertaken to evaluate various cultural requirements, grain substrate for spawn production and different agro-based substrates used for sporophore production of the test fungus. Out of seven solid media tested, Potato Dextrose Agar was found to be the best for mycelial growth of the test fungus and also took minimum days to full the Petri plate. Out of nine spawn substrates, the maximum mycelial growth rate was observed on sorghum grains (1.12cm/day) and minimum on pigeonpea (0.65cm/day). The minimum (27.33 days) time for spawn run was observed on sorghum grains spawn and maximum yield was observed in wheat grain spawn i.e. 893.33g/kg dry substrate. The minimum cost of production was observed on wheat grain spawn (Rs. 63.25) with maximum profit of Rs. 86.75. Out of nineteen agro-based substrates, minimum time for spawn run and primordia formation was taken by wheat straw i.e. 29 days and 34.67 days, respectively and maximum 5.00 number of fruit bodies was observed on soybean straw substrate. The soybean+maize combination took minimum days for spawn run (28.67 days) and primordia formation (34.67 days) and maximum number of primordia (4.33). So far as morphological characters of P.citrinopileatus in different substrates was concerned, largest pileus size (7.22x6.39cm) was observed on oat straw with highest average sporophore weight (11g). Among different agro-based substrate combinations, soybean+maize+oat produced largest pileus size (9.00x7.24cm) and maximum sporophore weight (12.33g). Maximum yield of 893.33g/kg dry substrate was observed on wheat straw substrate with maximum number of flushes (3) followed by soybean i.e. 860g/kg. Biological efficiency of different substrates, ranged between 16.67 to 89.33 per cent, with highest on wheat straw (89.33%). In different agro-based substrate combinations, soybean+maize+wheat performed quite well with biological efficiency of 87.33 per cent which is at par with the wheat straw.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DAMPING OFF OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-28) Patel, Jaina Vinodchandra; Singh, Amar
    The investigation on the biological control of damping off of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was undertaken during 2017-19 in the Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur. Damping off pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani) was isolated from the disease samples collected from different okra growing areas and pathogenicity proved. Twenty isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different rhizosphere soil and five standard isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic activity in vitro against R. solani. The bioagent strains obtained from the department were statistically less effective than Trichoderma strains isolated from okra rhizosphere soil such as isolate 2,6,9,11. Trichoderma sp.-2 was the best performing strain among the bioagents tested in dual culture as well as its volatile compounds activity in inhibiting maximum mycelial growth 67.8 and 42.4 per cent, respectively. However, non-volatile compounds produced by Trichoderma sp.-6 in autoclaved sterilized and filter sterilized culture filtrates inhibited mycelial growth upto 11.1 and 62.2 per cent at 2:1 ratio, respectively. In morpho-cultural identification of four potential Trichoderma isolates, Trichoderma sp.-6 and Trichoderma sp.-9 were identified as T. harzianum and T. viride, respectively. In mycoparasitic interaction, bioagents hyphae coiled around R. solani and after penetration lysed the pathogen hyphae. Among the eleven different solid media evaluated for the linear mycelial growth and spore production of potential bioagents, Trichoderma sp.-2 showed highest mycelial growth (171.0 mm) and population (2.6×108spore/g) in sorghum grains. Agro-by products viz., paddy straw, cow dung and FYM supplemented with different carbohydrates viz., glucose, sucrose and jaggery (at the rate 1.0% and 5.0%) enhanced the growth of bioagents. Trichoderma sp.-2 showed highest linear mycelial growth on paddy straw (170.7 mm) when amended with 5.0 per cent sucrose. Under net house conditions, seed biopriming was found superior application method of bioagents for management of damping off of okra than soil application, seed treatment and drenching while Trichoderma sp. -2 was found most superior to other bioagents. Among Four fungicides tested in vitro carbendazim was most effective against R. solani but incompatible with bioagents while copper oxychloride was found compatible with bioagents.