STUDIES ON PEA ROOT ROT/WILT COMPLEX DISEASE.
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Date
2016
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CSK HPKV, Palampur.
Abstract
The present investigations entitled “Studies on pea root rot/wilt complex disease” had been undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur during 2014-2016. Pea root rot /wilt complex had been noticed as an emerging problem in different agro climatic zones of pea growing regions of Himachal Pradesh. The disease has been observed with different intensity levels in different pea growing areas of the state. In Zone IV, the highest disease incidence of 54.7 % was recorded at HAREC, Kukumseri whereas, in Zone III, the disease incidence remained in moderate form i.e. 19.7%. However, in Zone II, highest disease incidence of 35.3% was recorded at Palampur.
The two species of Fusarium viz., F. solani f. sp. pisi and F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi were found associated with pea root rot/wilt complex in the state. Both species produced distinct symptoms when inoculated on pea seedlings in test tubes containing Hoagland's solution. F. solani f. sp. pisi was solely responsible to cause root rots of pea resulting in yellowing of leaves from basal leaf to upward whereas, F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi was responsible to cause wilting without root rots by clogging of xylem vessels.
For disease management different components viz., composts, bioagents, botanicals, chemicals and germplasm were evaluated in vitro to frame the management strategies. Vermicompost showed the maximum mycelial inhibition of 39.7% against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and 36.3% against F. solani f. sp. pisi followed by Farm Yard Manure with 29.7 and 30.0%, respectively. SMA-5 strain of Trichoderma harzianum showed the maximum mycelial inhibition of 77.4 and 75.9 % against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and F. solani f. sp. pisi respectively. The plant extracts of test botanicals proved to be effective against both the pathogens at 25% concentration resulting in >60% inhibition of mycelial growth. However, Eupatorium adenophorum showed maximum inhibition of 83.8 % against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and 77.5% against F. solani f. sp. pisi followed by Eucalyptus sp. resulting 83.1 and 76.1% inhibition respectively. All the test fungicides were found effective even at 50 ppm with >70 % inhibition of mycelial growth against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi except Vitavax (carboxin 75 WP). Vitavax power (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5%) and Bavistin (carbendazim 50 WP) gave cent per cent mycelial inhibition even at 500 ppm followed by Tilt (propiconazole 25 EC) and Raxil (tebuconazole 2 DS) with 93.3 and 90.4 % respectively. In case of F. solani f. sp. pisi, Bavistin (carbendazim 50 WP), Raxil (tebuconazole 2 DS) and Vitavax power (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5%) yielded cent per cent mycelial inhibition at 1000 ppm. Out of one hundred thirteen elite pea lines, five pea genotypes viz, EC-329570, EC-329573, DPP-127-R, DPP-100, KS-268 were remained resistant against pea root rot complex.
Management module comprised of soil amendment with Vermicompost : FYM (1:1) @ 15 t/ha carrying Trichoderma @ 2.5 kg/t and seed treatment with E. adenophorum @ 5.0 ml/kg seed was found most effective in the management of pea root rot /wilt complex pathogens giving maximum increase in yield i.e. 80.7 % as compare to control.
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