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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic diversity among elite maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes adapted to North Western Himalayas(palampur, 2019-07-31) Jyoti; Jyoti; Lata, Swaran; Lata, SwaranThe present investigation entitled “Assessment of genetic diversity among elite maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes adapted to North Western Himalayas” was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity in maize genotypes using morpho-molecular markers and identification of potential genotypes for yield, its components and nutritional traits. The experimental material comprised of 40 maize genotypes along with four diverse checks. These genotypes were raised in alpha RBD design replicated twice during kharif 2018. Data were recorded on grain yield per plant and various morphometric traits along with reaction to prevalent diseases. Genetic diversity among different genotypes was studied on the basis of morphological traits using Mahalanobis D 2 -statistic and PCA. The analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures and molecular analysis was done using NTSYS-pc (version 2.02) software. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the traits suggesting ample amount of variability among them. High PCV, GCV was observed for grain yield per plant with moderate h 2 bs and genetic advance indicated the presence of additive and non additive gene action which provided the scope for improvement through hybridization and selection. On the basis of D 2 analysis three genotypes viz., CML 435, CML 551 Y and CML 295BBB showed superiority over the best check for grain yield and its related traits and almost similar grouping pattern in SSR diversity analysis. Overall, it can be concluded that CML 334 and CML 452 was observed as best genotypes for yield, its related traits and also resistant to bacterial stalk rot whereas moderately resistant to banded leaf and sheath blight. So these potential genotypes can be used as donor parents after further evaluation in the future breeding programmeThesisItem Open Access Relative fertility frequency amongst first generation doubled haploids induced in bread and durum wheats following Zea mays and Imperata cylindrica- mediated chromosome elimination approach”(palampur, 2020-12-10) Katoch, Ajeta; Chaudhary, H.K.The research endeavour entitled “Relative fertility frequency amongst first generation doubled haploids induced in bread and durum wheats following Zea mays and Imperata cylindrica- mediated chromosome elimination approach” was executed in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur during the years 2018-19 with the goal to determine the relative fertility frequency of the first generation doubled haploids in bread and durum wheats induced following maize and Imperata cylindrica- mediated doubled haploidy breeding approaches. The material for the present investigation comprised of sixteen bread wheat genotypes, seven durum wheat genotypes and three wheat × rye derivatives (BC1F3) which were utilized as female parents while Z. mays and I. cylindrica were used as pollen source. Hybridization programme was carried out with both the pollen sources to obtain haploid plantlets. These haploid plantlets were then subjected to colchicine treatment to obtain doubled haploids. Different haploid induction and doubled haploidy parameters like pseudoseed formation frequency, embryo formation frequency, haploid plant regeneration frequency, haploid formation frequency and doubled haploid formation frequency were recorded for all the genotypes. Each genotype showed differential response to callus formation, plant regeneration and haploid & doubled haploid formation. I. cylindrica outperformed maize for all the parameters in bread wheat, durum wheat and wheat × rye derivatives. A total of nineteen doubled haploid plants were formed in different wheat genotypes. Fifteen DHs were formed in bread wheat (twelve with I. cylindrica as pollen parent and three with maize as pollen parent) and four were formed in durum wheat (three with I. cylindrica as pollen parent and one with maize as pollen parent). The genetic origin of the uniparental elimination derived DHs is not always certain, therefore screening techniques are needed to validate fertility behaviour of DH plants in further generations. The first generation doubled haploids obtained were bagged with butter paper bag at head emergence stage to avoid the contamination with other pollen and the bagged spikes were harvested individually. The seed setting frequency of the DH plants was assessed and compared with each other and the parents. Amongst the DHs formed NDH1, NDH3, NDH6, NDH9, NDH12 and NDH 13 performed significantly better whereas no significant difference was observed when compared with the parents for seed setting frequency. The results showed that first generation doubled haploids are indeed true doubled haploids and can be used for various genetic and molecular studies.ThesisItem Open Access Combining ability and gene action studies for economic traits and disease resistance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(palampur, 2019-05-02) Sran, Ranjeet Singh; Satish PaulThe present investigation entitled “Combining ability and gene action studies for economic traits and disease resistance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)” was undertaken to get the information on nature and magnitude of gene action, combining ability and heterosis and thereby identifying potential parents and cross combinations for seed yield, fibre yield and associated traits under variable environments that could support further improvements of linseed productivity using appropriate breeding methodology. Eight linseed varieties viz., Surbhi, Bhagsu, Nagarkot, T-397, Himani, Baner, JRF-4 and JRF-1 were hybridized following Griffing’s Method 2, Model 1 in a half diallel fashion. Experimental materials comprising of eight linseed varieties and 28 F1 progenies were evaluated in RBD with three replications during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur. Various cross combinations were also examined to study the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew and rust in linseed at Palampur and research station SAREC Kangra, respectively during the year 2017-18. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied during 2016-17, 2017- 18 and pooled over environments, suggesting prevalence of wide range of genetic variability. Variance due to environment in pooled analysis revealed significant differences for all the traits studied except seeds per capsule. Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction was significant for most of the traits except plant height and technical height indicated a definite role of environment on the performance of genotypes. Variances due to GCA, SCA and their interaction with environment were significant for most of the traits. For most of the traits, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action, under such situation diallel selective mating or biparental mating in early segregating generations followed by recurrent selection might be appropriate approach toward genetic improvement of these traits. Based on GCA, Nagarkot and Surbhi were found to be good general combiner for seed yield whereas, JRF-1 and JRF-4 for fibre yield. On the basis of SCA effect and heterosis, the cross combinations Surbhi × Baner, Himani × JRF-4 and Bhagsu × Nagarkot for seed yield and Nagarkot × Himani for fibre yield were found best in pooled over the environments. The segregation pattern of powdery mildew and rust disease indicated that resistance was governed by a single dominant gene in cross combination T-397 × Nagarkot.ThesisItem Open Access Virulence analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and evaluation of resistance in Rice(Palampur, 2021-12-18) Rathi, Monika; Upmanyu, SachinSheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the second most important production constraint after blast in rice-growing regions of India. The investigation on “Virulence analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and evaluation of resistance in rice” was undertaken during 2020-2021 in the Department of Plant Pathology, CSKHPKV, Palampur and RWRC, Malan. The fungal organism was confirmed as Rhizoctonia solani on the basis of its morphological and cultural characteristics. In all, twenty isolates were collected from different rice growing areas of Himachal Pradesh. Among twenty isolates studied, colony colour varied from cream to dark brown while hyphal cell size ranged from 102.90 x 4.20 µm to 220.50 x 5.95 µm. All the isolates except RS-2 produced light to dark brown, small to large sclerotia of varying intensity ranging from low to high. Isolates were placed into different groups based on colony colour, sclerotial colour, sclerotial size and sclerotial intensity. Growth rate of isolates ranged from 0.10 to 2.08 mm/h and 1.20 to 2.98 mm/h at 25⁰C and 30⁰C, respectively with maximum rate (2.98 mm/h) exhibited by isolate RS-5 and the least by RS-2 at both the temperatures. Isolates were further grouped into slow, medium and fast growing groups based on growth rate at 30⁰C temperature. Studies on pathogenic variability among R. solani isolates carried out on seven different rice cultivars showed that incubation period of all the isolates on the cultivars varied from two to four days. The relative lesion height (RLH) caused by the isolates also varied as in cultivar HPR 2880, it ranged from 26.83 to 55.71per cent, in TN1 from 23.44 to 54.76 per cent, in HPR 2612 from 27.27 to 54.69 per cent, in IR50 from 31.63 to 54.76 per cent, in HPR 1068 from 23.10 to 53.73 per cent, in HPR 2143 from 15.38 to 54.10 and in HPU 2216 from 32.38 to 52.82 per cent. On the basis of RLH induced on different cultivars, ten R. solani isolates were classified as highly virulent (>45 % RLH), seven as moderately virulent (35-45% RLH) and three as less virulent (<35% RLH). Out of sixty seven genotypes evaluated, seven genotypes showed resistant, seventeen moderately resistant, twenty nine moderately susceptible and fourteen genotypes showed susceptible reaction on the basis of disease severity while, no genotype was found immune.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ARCHITECTURE FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN RICE FOR UPLAND AND RAINFED CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(Palampur, 2021-09-07) GARKOTI, PRIYA; Pandey, D.P.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and nutritional characterization of red rice germplasm of Himachal Pradesh(Palampur, 2021-09-30) kumar, Praveen; Bhardwaj, NeelamThe present investigation entitled “Morphological and nutritional characterization of red rice germplasm of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken during kharif, 2020 to assess the morphological and nutritional parameters of red rice germplasm and to identify the potential germplasm lines for grain yield and nutritional traits. Biochemical analysis was carried out to obtain the nutritional properties among the germplasm lines. The result on analysis of variance showed a sufficient genetic variability among red rice genotypes for all the traits except for flag leaf length, harvest index, grain breadth and amylose content. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was reported for iron content, zinc content, biological yield per plant, thousand grain weight and L:B ratio. Traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, flag leaf length, spikelets per panicle, harvest index, biological yield per plant, thousand grain weight and grain length showed positive correlation with grain yield per plant. It was also observed that, protein had positive and significant correlation with zinc content but, iron content was negatively significantly correlated with zinc content. Biological yield per plant showed highest positive effect on grain yield per plant followed by harvest index, grain L:B ratio, grain breadth, days to 50% flowering, spikelets per panicle, iron content, flag leaf length, zinc content, effective tillers per plant, total tillers per plant and flag leaf width. On the basis of the mean performance for different traits, and in comparison, with best check, genotype- Deval, HPR-2913, HPR-2908 can be considered as the most promising genotypes for grain quality and nutritional traits. Besides this, genotype IC-12180 also expressed superiority for fewer grain quality and quantitative traits which can be used in future rice breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity in exotic and indigenous germplasm of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)(Palampur, 2021-02-21) Verma, Praveen Kumar; Rana, VijayThe present study entitled, “Genetic diversity in exotic and indigenous germplasm of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was undertaken during Rabi 2019-20 to assess genetic diversity among 216 genotypes of barley including 144 exotic lines from ICARDA, Morocco and 66 indigenous lines along with six checks and identify potential lines for important agro-morphological traits in Augmented Block Design.Data were recorded for different traits viz., days to 50% flowering, peduncle length, spike length, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, days to 75% maturity, number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), harvest index and 1000-grain weight (g). Experimental lines were also screened for yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei) under field conditions. Analysis of variance revealed existence of significant genetic variation for almost all the traits under study. On the basis of mean performance, genotypes viz., HIPYT-505 and HIPYT-313 were found promising for number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. High values of PCV and GCV were observed for grain yield per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant and number of grains per spike. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Based on correlation and path analysis (direct and indirect contributions) traits viz., biological yield and harvest index emerged as important selection criteria for selecting high yielding genotypes. On the basis of inter cluster distance, four genotypes of cluster V i.e., RWA-18-26, RWA-18- 23, RWA-18-25, HIPYT-405 and one genotype of cluster XIII i.e. HBL 804 showed maximum diversity among the germplasm which is further indicative of higher chance of getting transgressive segregants by hybridization among these genotypes. 79 genotypes were further selected from clusters which have higher mean than the general mean and cluster mean for the grain yield and its component characters. The genotypes viz.,HIPYT – 609, HIPYT – 505, HIPYT – 313, ABYT 18-29, Almora28, Lachi Kandi, Gushaini and Murthan were found most promising for biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, number of effective tillers and number of grains per spike. Screening of barley genotypes for yellow rust under field conditions showed that almost all the genotypes had varying degree of yellow rust incidence. The genotypes found resistant were BDYT 18 – 111, BDYT 18 – 72, MB 18 -17, MB 18 -50, MB 18 -145, EMB 18 -3, GGT 18-23, GGT 18-54, GGT 18-13,HIPYT-340, HIPYT-235, HIPYT-234, HIPYT-325, HIPYT-335, HIPYT-505, HIPYT251, HIPYT-79, ABYT 18-48, LIPYT-175, RWA 18-11, RWA 18-12, Almora5, Almora9, Almora21, Almora23, Almora26, Almora27, Almora30, Almora33, Almora41, Naggar and Gihu L&S. Overall, on the basis of mean performance and genetic diversity studies, genotypes namely, HIPYT-505 and Gihu L&S were found superior for different agro-morphological, yield attributing traits and also resistant to yellow rust under natural epiphytotic conditions. Hence, these genotypes can be further tested over years and locations in replicated trialsThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability and association studies in adzuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi] under natural farming system(Palampur, 2021-11-12) Sapna; Katna, GopalThe current study aimed to estimate genetic diversity among 36 adzuki bean genotypes including 2 checks (HPU51, Local Totru) evaluated in Randomized Block Design in three replications during Kharif, 2021 under Zero Budget Natural Farming system. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for most of the traits studied, suggesting prevalence of sufficient genetic variability and scope for the selection of these traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed to be higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) indicating the presence of environmental influence in governance of traits. Moderate PCV as well as GCV were observed for plant height, branches per plant, seed yield, 100-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant. Broad sense heritability was high (>70%) for seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight, plant height, harvest index, seed yield, pods per plant, branches per plant, protein content, cluster per plant, biological yield, pods per cluster and days to 75 per cent maturity. Correlation analysis revealed that seed yield had significant positive correlation with pods per plant, clusters per plant and pods per cluster indicating that selection through these traits would be effective. Path analysis revealed that seed yield, cluster per plant, pod per cluster, seeds per pod, plant height, days of 50 per cent flowering, protein content, pods per plant, 100-seed weight and number of branches as important traits for direct selection for yield. Genetic diversity studies using Mahalanobis D2 -statistics grouped 36 adzuki bean genotypes into eight clusters. Maximum genotypes were placed in cluster I (19 genotypes) followed by cluster II (7 genotypes), cluster III, IV, V and cluster VI (2 genotypes each), cluster VII and VIII (1 genotype each). Among eight clusters, the highest intra cluster distance was observed for cluster III . The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster III and VIII followed by VII and VIII . Cluster I and IV and Cluster II and III had the smallest cluster distances, indicating that genotypes were less diverse than genotypes in the other clusters. The high intra-cluster distances revealed that the lines within the same cluster were heterogeneous. On the basis of mean performance, total of 6 genotypes i.e., EC030270, EC340265, EC120460, EC340257, IC34957 and IC341947 have been identified superior for further research purposeThesisItem Open Access Genetic assessment for seed yield and related traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under intercropping with maize(Palampur, 2021-10-14) Katoch, Shruti; Kumari, VednaThe present investigation entitled “Genetic assessment for seed yield and related traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under intercropping with maize” was carried out to study genetic variability, association between seed yield and its related traits to understand their cause and effect relationship in order to identify potential soybean genotypes for sole-crop as well as inter-crop with maize in order to decide the breeding strategy for soybean improvement. The experimental material consisted of twelve soybean advanced breeding lines and four checks viz., Palam Early Soya I, Him Soya, Hara Soya and Shivalik. The genotypes were raised in randomized block design with three replications under two cropping systems viz., sole-crop and inter-crop with maize variety ‘Bajaura Makka’ in two separate experiments under rainfed conditions at the Experimental Farm of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur during kharif, 2020. Data was recorded for fifteen seed yield and other agromorphological traits at appropriate stages of crop growth in soybean. Analysis of variance suggested the presence of sufficient genetic variability for seed yield and related traits under sole-crop as well as inter-crop with maize. The values of PCV were greater than the corresponding GCV values indicating the marked influence of environment in the expression of traits under both cropping systems. High PCV along with high GCV values were obtained for biological yield per plant (g) and nodule weight per plant (g) under soybean sole-crop whereas moderate values of PCV and GCV were obtained for nodes on main stem, pods per plant, seed yield per plant (g), nodule weight per plant (g), branches per plant and seeds per pod under inter-crop with maize. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for branches per plant, nodes on main stem, pods per plant, nodule weight per plant (g) and seed yield per plant (g) under both cropping systems. Hence, selection for these traits could be effective. Correlation analysis showed that seed yield per plant (g) showed significant and positive association with branches per plant, nodes on main stem, pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant (g) and harvest index (per cent) under both cropping systems. Hence, emphasis should be given on these traits for yield improvement in soybean. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the biological yield per plant (g) and harvest index (per cent) were found to be the best selection indices for soybean genetic improvement under both cropping systems. None of the genotypes appeared to be highly resistant against frogeye leaf spot, brown spot and pod blight. The genotype JS-335 was found to be highly resistant against bacterial pustule while two genotypes namely P 74-1-1 and P 132-1-1-2 were found to be resistant against bacterial pustule under both cropping systems. Economics of the cropping systems indicated that inter-crop generated an additional soybean yield of 3.22 q/ha without reduction in maize yield and therefore, appeared to be more profitable than sole soybean crop. Three genotypes viz., JS-335, P 132-1-1-2 and P 120-11-1-1 performed better for seed yield. The genotypes also exhibited moderately resistant reaction against frogeye leaf spot, brown spot, pod blight and bacterial pustule and resistant to highly resistant reaction against bacterial pustule under both cropping systems. Hence, these genotypes could be tested further in different locations for development of varieties or used as potential parents in future hybridization programme.
