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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN BUCKWHEAT USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Khushbu; Bhardwaj, NeelamThe present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity analysis in buckwheat using morphological and molecular markers” was undertaken during the kharif 2017 to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and associations among various traits including their direct and indirect effects on seed yield and to identify potential donor parents among the 40 genotypes for their use in future breeding programmes. Data were recorded on seed yield per plant and various morphological traits along with reaction to disease. The analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures and morphological analysis was done using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and principle component analysis. Molecular analysis was done using NTSYS-pc software and POPGENE software. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for almost all the traits studied. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance was observed for 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Genotype IC-313149 which was highest yielding genotype was found promising among all the germplasm lines as it also exhibited high number of primary branches per plant, short plant height and 1000-seed weight. Similarity was observed among data for diversity from morphological and molecular analysis. A total of 38 genotypes were found common while comparing molecular clusters and morpho-metric clusters thereby exhibiting the congruence between morphological and SSR data.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN OAT (AVENA SATIVA) USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Arora, Arushi; Sood, Vinod KumarThe present investigation was undertaken to assess the extent of genetic variability and diversity among different oat genotypes using agro morphological and molecular markers so as to identify promising genotypes for future breeding programme. The experimental material consisting of 57 different genotypes of oat were raised in Randomized Block Design with three replications during the Rabi 2016-2017 and data were recorded on agro morphological, quality traits and reaction to powdery mildew resistance. Genetic diversity among different genotypes was studied on the basis of morphological traits using Mahalanobis D2-statistic, PCA and SSR markers. Mean values for different traits revealed that genotypes JPO-36, JPO-46, JPO-38, JPO-17, JPO-29, JPO-30, JPO-31, JPO-45, EC-528883, Algerian, IG-03-203, EC-528889, EC-528890, EC-528390, JPO-28, OL-822, KRR-AK-36, EC-605834, PLP-14 , KRR-AK-26 and KRR-AK-42 were significantly superior for forage and quality traits and were resistant to powdery mildew. PCV along with GCV were high for tillers per plant, flag leaf area, leaf stem ratio, dry matter yield per plant and crude protein yield per plant. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for tillers per plant, dry matter yield per plant, crude protein yield per plant and seed yield per plant. Dry matter yield per plant, crude protein content, crude protein yield per plant and biological yield per plant were observed as best selection indices for green fodder yield whereas dry matter yield, biological yield per plant and harvest index were observed as best selection indices for seed yield. Based on D2-statistic, all the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. In contrast, SSR analysis grouped the genotypes into two clusters and further two sub-clusters. Genotypes PLP-16, PLP-1, JPO-50, JPO-31 JPO-28, PLP-17, EC-528897, JPO-38, EC-605831and JPO-29 were found to be more diverse than others.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES FOR LOW INPUT USE IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Thakur, Taniya; Rana, VijayThe present study entitled “Genetic studies for low input use in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was undertaken during rabi 2016-2017 under conventional inorganic (E1) and low input organic (E2) conditions at Organic Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur with the objectives to evaluate twenty-five diverse wheat germplasm lines in RBD with three replications for grain yield and some agro-morphological traits to study genetic variation and identify reliable selection criteria for low input organic conditions. For seedling parameters studies, genotypes were raised in CRD with three replications in polytubes under controlled conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits except thousand grain weight under both the environments. Pooled analysis of variance over environments indicated that mean square due to genotype × environment interaction were significant for traits namely, grain yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, FLA II, SLW II, PL HT II, PL HT III, days to maturity, specific leaf area and seedling height. In general, mean and range for most of the traits were found to be lower under E2 as compared to E1.High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed for specific leaf area, root-shoot dry weight ratio and seedling dry weight under E2indicating predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits and selection would be most effective. Thousand grain weight and seedling dry weight showed positive correlation with grain yield per plant and can be used as selection criteria only under low input organic (E2) conditions. Positive correlation of grains per spike, biological yield, harvest index, DMA III, NA II with grain yield indicated their importance for selection under both the environments. Under E2, NA II also had significant positive correlation with grains per spike, thousand grain weight, biological yield and FLA III. Further, on the basis of high positive direct effects as well as indirect contributions, biological yield and harvest index have emerged to be suitable selection criteria for improvement of grain yield. On the basis of mean performance for grain yield per plant, dry matter accumulation and NA III, HPW 443, HPW 349, MNS 53,Kanku, MNS 206, AB 81, HPW 89 and HPWO - 5 were found to be promising genotypes under low input organic conditions.ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMIZATION OF DOUBLED HAPLOID PRODUCTION USING TROPICAL INDUCER LINES IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-24) Sourabh Kumar; Guleria, S. K.The present investigation entitled “Optimization of doubled haploid production using tropical inducer lines in maize (Zea mays L.)” ” was carried out in the CSK Hill Agricultural Research & Extension Center Bajaura from 2016 to 2018.The seed of two inducer lines viz., TAIL Hybrid or F1 (P1 × P2) and TAIL Inbred (P1) was procured from CIMMYT, Mexico. These lines were crossed with source germplasm comprised of one hundred and fifteen maize genotypes (hybrids of Public/Private sectors and populations) in Kharif, 2016 and fifty one maize genotypes were crossed with TAIL P1 for haploid induction in Kharif, 2017. The crossed seed was screened for haploid induction rate (HIR) and HIR was worked out and it was ranged from 0.08 to 13.61 per cent during Kharif 2016 and 1.34 to 12.50 per cent in Kharif, 2017. On the basis of two years study HIR was recorded to be 5.27 per cent. Twelve genotypes of source germplasm did not show any expression of R1-nj system which may be due to the presence of inhibitor genes in the genotypes. Three different colchicine concentrations for three different time duration treatments were given to the identified putative haploid seedlings. The highest survival rate of 44.89 per cent was recorded in 0.04 per cent colchicine treatment for 8 hours duration. Seedlings treated with 0.06 per cent for 8 hours and 0.04 per cent for 12 hours gave good results for per cent survivability 38.27 and 42.13 per cent, respectively. Similarly at the same dose of colchicines and duration for treatment DH formation was recorded 10.97 and 14.39 per cent, respectively. It has been concluded that treatment of colchicine concentration of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours duration was observed as the best dose having average per cent doubled haploid formation is maximum of 14.39 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES OF ADVANCED INTERSPECIFIC DERIVATIVES OF LENTIL FOR VARIOUS AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-23) Kutlehria, Samar; Dev, JaiThe present investigation entitled “Genetic studies of advanced interspecific derivatives of lentil for various agro-morphological traits” was undertaken to assess the magnitude and association among various traits and to identify promising derivatives for seed yield and related traits for future breeding programmes. The experimental material comprised of 225 RILs, was evaluated in an augmented block design with three standard checks viz., Vipasha, Precoz and Markandey during rabi season 2017-18. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for seed yield and yield related traits. On the basis of mean performance, four RILs for seed yield per plant viz., C1 RIL 62, C1 RIL 71, C1 RIL 98 and C1 RIL 65 were significantly out yielded standard check 'Vipasha‟. The superior performance of these genotypes was the result of their better performance for number of fertile nodes per plant, seeds per plant, pods per plant, biological yield per plant and seeds per pod. Moreover, these lines showed highly to moderately resistant reaction against Fusarium wilt. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation, genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance (as a per cent of mean) were high for biological yield per plant, number of fertile nodes per plant, seeds per plant and pods per plant indicating the importance of additive gene action and early selections of these traits could be effective. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant had a positive and significant association with plant height, primary branches per plant, biological yield per plant, number of fertile nodes per plant, seeds per plant, seeds per pod, pods per plant and harvest index. These superior lines can be further evaluated to be used as improved variety(s) and/or can be utilize in further breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-06) S D, Nitesh; katna, GopalThe research endeavour entitled “Studies on genetic diversity using agro-morphological and molecular markers in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was executed in the Research Sub-Station, Berthin, Bilaspur during the rabi 2017-18 with the goal to investigate the diversity present in the twenty-five chickpea genotypes. These genotypes were evaluated for various agro-morphological traits like days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to maturity, seed yield, biomass yield, harvest index, 100-seed weight, protein content and seed yield per plant. Genetic diversity was assessed using sixteen SSR primers distributed evenly throughout the nuclear genome at Chickpea Genomic centre, ICRISAT, Hyderabad. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes for all the traits under the study except number of nodes per plant. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were found to be higher for the number of primary branches, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Moderate GCV and PCV were observed for plant height, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biomass yield and harvest index. Low GCV and PCV were observed for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and protein content. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for 100-seed weight; whereas high heritability with moderate genetic advance was found for protein content. Moderate heritability with high genetic advance was observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and seed yield per plant. Correlation studies revealed seed yield per plant had positive and significant association with number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight, whereas negative and significant association was found with number of seeds per pod and protein content. Path analysis revealed direct positive effect of 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant and negative effect of number of seeds per pod and protein content with seed yield per plant. Selection index traits for increasing seed yield per plant are 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, biomass yield and number of primary branches. Mahalanobis D2 statistics had grouped the twenty-five chickpea genotypes into 3 clusters with cluster I containing twenty three genotypes followed by cluster II and cluster III containing one genotype each. Sixteen SSR primer pair amplified 1 to 3 alleles in each genotypes with the amplicon size ranging from 130 bp to 267 bp. Neighbour joining cluster analysis grouped the twenty-four chickpea accessions to 3 groups with cluster I having thirteen genotypes, followed by cluster II and cluster III having eight and three accessions, respectively. Based on morphological and genetic diversity, the cross between desi genotypes ICC 10835, P-113, ICC 9702, L-81 and HPC-1 and kabuli genotypes PG0027 and ICCV 98818 will yield superior segregants.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GERMPLASM USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-19) Kiran Kumari; Lata, SwaranThe present investigation entitled “Genetic studies of maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm for agro-morphological and quality traits” was undertaken to assess the genetic variability for useful breeding traits and to characterize the maize germplasm for grain quality and yield component traits during kharif 2017. The experimental material comprised of 189 maize inbred lines along with four diverse checks which were evaluated in an augmented block design. Data were recorded on various agro-morphological and quality traits along with reaction to diseases viz., bacterial stalk rot and banded leaf and sheath blight under natural epiphytotic conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the traits studied suggesting appreciable amount of variability among them. On the basis of mean performance, ten genotypes were found significantly superior for grain yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance, high GCV (%) and PCV (%) were observed for grain yield per plant, grains per row and tryptophan content which indicated the presence of additive gene action and provided the ample scope of improvement for these traits through selection. CML-542 W was found significantly superior for sugar and fibre content, whereas DQL-602-2 for starch and fibre content. Overall it could be concluded that two genotypes viz., MAI-105 and CML 334 were found significantly superior for yield, its related traits and also showed resistant reaction towards bacterial stalk rot. These genotypes needs to be further tested for their potentiality and can also be used as donor parent in future breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MUTAGENIC EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE (EMS) MUTAGEN IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-24) Thakur, Garima; Paul, SatishThe present investigation entitled, “Studies on mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) mutagen in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) was undertaken to assess the mutagenic effects of mutagen EMS. The experimental material comprised of two linseed varieties viz., Him Alsi-2 and Kangra Local, seeds of which were treated with eight (0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60%, 0.70%, 0.80%) different concentrations of EMS to generate M1 generation. On the basis of survival percentage in M1 generation under lab conditions the LD50 dose for both varieties was estimated i.e. 0.70 per cent for Him Alsi -2 and 0.60 per cent for Kangra Local. Plants harvested from only three concentrations (one higher and one lower dose to LD50) in M1 were carried forward to M2 generation. Data were recorded for various qualitative and quantitative traits along with reaction to diseases viz., powdery mildew and rust on individual plant basis. Mutagen EMS was effective and efficient in producing chlorophyll mutations and viable macromutations in M2 generation. EMS was also found effective in producing variability in range and mean values for different quantitative characters for which significant differences were obtained in both positive and negative direction. The EMS concentrations showing maximum effectiveness and efficiency in both varieties were different indicating varietal sensitivity towards the mutagen. The most effective dose for producing chlorophyll mutations between both varieties was 0.60 per cent and the most efficient was 0.50 per cent. For viable as well as total macromutations most effective concentration recorded was 0.70 per cent and 0.60 per cent as the most efficient. The dose found effective was not necessarily found efficient in producing mutations in both varieties.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD TRAITS AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN TWO AND SIX ROWED GENOTYPES OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-24) Kumar, Amit; Kishore, NavalThe present investigation entitled “Estimation of genetic parameters for yield traits and disease resistance in two and six rowed genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was undertaken to assess the nature of genetic variability, association of various characters with seed yield and their direct and indirect effects for effective selection. The experimental material comprising of 31 genotypes along with four checks of barley were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications over two years during Rabi, 2016-17 and Rabi, 2017-18 and data were recorded on seed yield and other yield related traits. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for all the characters in individual as well as pooled over environments. Hulled barley genotypes (HBL 795 and HBL 804) and hulless genotypes (HBL 793 and HBL 822) were found to be promising for seed yield per plant. Significance over the best check was exhibited by genotypes namely, HBL 806 for early maturity; HBL 788 and HBL 817 for spike length; HBL 787, HBL 793, HBL 795, HBL 798, HBL 802, HBL 804, HBL 811 and HBL 815 for number of grains per spike; HBL 790, HBL 813 and HBL 826 for plant height and HBL 804, HBL 812 and HBL 815 for harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant which indicated the predominance of additive gene action. Association study revealed that biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike and number of tillers per plant showed significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis also indicated high positive direct and indirect contributions of these traits towards seed yield per plant and further selection based on these traits would be effective for improvement in barley.