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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF LECTINS FROM VIGNA SPECIES(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2015-07-13) Tripathi, Ankur; Katoch, RajanIn the present investigation, seeds of five Vigna species were investigated for hemagglutinating activity against human and rabbit erythrocytes. The seed extracts of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata showed agglutination activity with human as well as rabbit erythrocytes, whereas Vigna unguiculata, Vigna umbellata and Vigna angularis exhibited agglutination only with trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes. Among the various tested sugars, agglutination activity was best inhibited by D-galactose. Vigna radiata extract exhibited a higher level of agglutination with rabbit erythrocytes and was selected for isolation and purification of lectin. Lectin was purified by employing a protocol that entailed ion exchange, gel filtration and affinity chromatography with 192.47 fold purification and 73.14 (HU/mg) specific activity. Under reducing conditions purified lectin was found to be a monomer with 25.0kDa molecular weight. Maximum agglutination activity of purified lectin was observed at pH 5.0 with (98%) stability and maintained steadily between pH 6-9. Maximum agglutination activity was observed at 370C (68.76%) and minimum at 650C where agglutination activity was completely lost. Agglutination activity was readily inhibited by D-galactose at 3.12mM. Lectins, due to various biological properties have a potential in pest control and plant defense. Their high level expression can confer resistance to a wide range of insects and could be exploited for crop improvement.ThesisItem Open Access BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF NATIVE CATTLE AND GOATS MILK THESIS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-27) Sharma, Vinesh; Mal, GorakhThe present investigation entitled “Bioactive Potential of Native Cattle and Goats Milk” was undertaken to study the effects of various thermal treatments on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of milk and its protein fractions of indigenous cattle, Jersey cross-bred cattle, local goat and Gaddi goat. The Total phenolic content (TPC) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Gaddi goat raw milk. Thermal processing significantly (p<0.05) increased TPC in boiled milk of indigenous and Jersey cross-bred cattle. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in local goat raw milk. DPPH inhibition was higher in indigenous cattle milk and its fractions. Thermally treated milk revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher DPPH inhibition in indigenous cattle. Antimicrobial activity was detected only in indigenous cattle milk and its whey fractions against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and was increased after thermal treatment. Analysis of milk protein profile by SDS-PAGE revealed that higher molecular weight whey proteins denatured during boiling in all milk types. Casein protein fractions were more heat resistant as compared to whey protein fractions in all milk types. Higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were present in local goat milk followed by indigenous cattle, and Jersey cross-bred cattle. It is inferred that thermal processing led to increase total phenol, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities in indigenous cattle milk.ThesisItem Open Access PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, INTERACTION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3- PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPDH) IN CUCUMIS SATIVUS INFECTED WITH CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-18) Reetranjan; Singh, NageswerIn the present investigation entitled “Phytochemical properties, interaction and expression analysis of Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Cucumis sativus infected with Cucumber mosaic virus” is focused on the effect of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) on phytochemical constituents in the leaf samples of three cultivars of C.sativusviz.Summer Green, Green Star and Green Long along with interaction and expression analysis of different forms of GAPDH. Phytochemical properties viz. total phenols; antioxidant activity and PPO activity have higher values in infected leaf samples whereas total chlorophyll and carotenoids had lower values in infected leaves. The inoculated cultivars had lower potassium content; however sodium content had no uniform trend in the infected leaf samples.Protein- protein interaction analysis by yeast two hybrid system revealed that GAP C is one of the host proteins which interacts with the movement protein of CMV thereby,one of the reason to be playing role in virus movement from one cell to another.Expression studies of GAPDH forms (GAP A; GAP B and GAP C) in CMV infected cultivars varied at 0,3,5,7 and 14 dpi andit was in accordance with the resistant and susceptible nature of the cultivar. The plant is either using its defense mechanism or the host proteins are being utilized by the virus for its propagation through upregulation or downregulation of the GAPDH as observed in expression analysis investigation.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF POTENTIAL GENOTYPES OF NORTH-WEST HIMALAYAN CEREALS, PULSES AND OILSEEDS(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-09) Banta, Neha; Mohini, KamalThe mature seeds of four potentially superior genotypes/varieties each of the nine selected crops viz. barley, oats, wheat (cereals); linseed, sesame, soybean (oilseeds) and kidney bean, horsegram, moth bean (pulses) were evaluated for relevant biochemical constituents by following standard procedures. Significant statistical differences were observed for the biochemical constituents in the four genotypes each of all crops and the three crops of each group. Differences among the three groups were also apparent. The results from this study were utilized for carrying out the cumulative grading based on desirable quality parameters for identifying the best genotype in each crop i.e. Dolma/ VLB-118 in barley, TP-40 in oats, Saptdhara in wheat, Himani in linseed, Nurpur in sesame, Hara Soya in soybean, Mandi in horsegram, Kanchan in kidney bean and Jadia in moth bean. Highest protein content was observed in soybean (36.10%), followed by kidney bean (26.18 %), moth bean (21.51%) and the lowest was seen in barley (10.20%). However the protein digestibility of oats (75.87%) was found to be the best followed by wheat (72.77%), kidney bean (72.17%) and lowest was seen in sesame (56.52%). Linseed exhibited the highest fat content (48.86%) followed by sesame (47.96%) and soybean (20.59%) whereas minimum was observed in horsegram (1.76%). Highest carbohydrate content was seen in wheat (71.57%) followed by barley (69.47%), moth bean (60.73%) and the lowest was seen in sesame (14.62%). Potassium and calcium content was high in soybean (963, 392 mg/100g), horsegram (962, 296 mg/100g) and kidney bean (815, 298 mg/100g). For the trace element iron the best source was sesame (12.80 mg/100g) and moth bean (10.84 mg/100g). In the oilseeds UFA content was found to be more than twice the SFA content. Soybean was the richest source of essential ω-6 linoleic acid (51.87%) and linseed of ω-3 linolenic acid (53.57%). Sesame had the highest content of oleic acid (40.64%) and also a good amount of linoleic acid (44.41%). The lysine content was quite low in cereals (0.51%) in comparison to the pulses (8.95%) whereas an opposite trend was observed for the methionine content in cereals (1.7%) and pulses (0.46%). However a low content of both these amino acids was observed in the oilseeds linseed and sesame while soybean was poor in methionine (0.48%) and high in lysine (8.08%). The potentially superior genotypes/varieties thus identified can be used for further developmental research by the plant breeders and cultivation on a large scale by the farmers of H.P and others. The information regarding the identification of best crop for nutritionally important individual quality parameter will prove highly beneficial for the consumers.ThesisItem Open Access FATE OF BISPYRIBAC SODIUM IN SOIL AND ITS EFFECT ON RICE QUALITY(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07-24) Devi, Sureshna; Sharma, NeelamIn present investigation entitled “Fate of bispyribac sodium in soil and its effect on rice quality”, a field experiment consisting of four treatments viz. bispyribac sodium 10g/ha, 20g/ha, 40g/ha and control was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) in the Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK HPKV, Palampur during kharif 2017. For residue and biochemical studies, soil and rice plant samples were collected at different time intervals after herbicide application and rice grain samples at crop harvest. Bispyribac sodium at three application rates i.e. 10g/ha, 20g/ha and 40g/ha persisted in soil upto 10, 15 and 45 days after herbicide spray, respectively. The degradation data generated indicated that more than 75 per cent of applied bispyribac sodium dissipated within 7 days of herbicide application. The logarithmic plots of herbicide concentration of different doses vs time fitted first order kinetics decay curve. Terminal residues of bispyribac sodium in rice grain were below detectable level (≤0.025μg/g). A significant decrease over control in biochemical attributes of rice leaves i.e. ALS activity and total carotenoids was observed upto 10 and 30 days respectively after bispyribac sodium application and thereafter the ALS activity and total carotenoids values were not influenced conspicuously. Whereas, total chlorophyll and total sugar content in rice leaves increased significantly with maximum increase noticed in treatment bispyribac sodium 20g/ha. Quality parameters i.e. total protein, total sugars and starch content were not influenced very distinctively with applied bispyribac sodium treatments. The data on residues and biochemical studies of bispyribac sodium in rice suggest that use of bispyribac sodium at three rates of application in rice crop is safe both in terms of crop quality and food safety point view. It can also be inferred from the above findings that effect of bispyribac on ALS and total carotenoids was temporary and recovered with passage of time.ThesisItem Open Access ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF MEETHI NEEM (MURRAYA KOENIGII (L.) SPRENG)(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-02-09) Reetu; Singh, NageswerFifteen wild Meethi Neem leaf samples collected at three stages viz. pre-flowering, flowering and fruiting stages from different locations of Kangra and Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh were analyzed to evaluate phytochemical constituents and to identify the genetic diversity. The range of variation for phytochemical constituents at three stages varied significantly viz. total chlorophyll (0.79 to 1.43, 1.31 to 1.94 and 0.88 to 1.10 mg/g), total carotenoids (30.55 to 49.25, 49.09 to 60.81 and 31.24 to 41.42 μg/g), ascorbic acid (7.01 to 9.82, 3.58 to 6.06 and 2.99 to 4.93 mg/100g), total phenol (170 to 304, 266 to 450 and 213 to 364 mg/g), simple phenol (93 to 163, 150 to 243 and 123 to 220 mg/g), tannins (76 to 143, 116 to 207 and 47 to 156 mg/g), flavonoids (15.17 to 33.40, 25.16 to 58.17 and 17.54 to 37.34 mg/g), polyphenol oxidase (0.030 to 0.058, 0.017 to 0.031 and 0.007 to 0.021 ΔOD/minute), antioxidant activity (4.01 to 7.42, 8.08 to 13.60 and 3.11 to 6.37 μg/ml), essential oil (0.64 to 0.89, 0.85 to 1.00 and 0.54 to 0.70 per cent) and quinones (2.05 to 2.97, 3.07 to 4.95 and 1.02 to 1.96 mM/min/g tissue). All parameters showed highest value at flowering stage except ascorbic acid and polyphenol oxidase activity. Clustering analysis with respect to biochemical constituents revealed that the geographically distinct collections of Meethi Neem were clustered together. For molecular characterization by ISSR, a total of 120 highly reproducible bands were obtained out of which 74 were polymorphic. The polymorphism ranged from 12.5 to 100 per cent. Dendrogram generated using UPGMA separated 10 collections into 2 major clusters with 46 to 100 per cent similarity. The overall analysis revealed that Meethi Neem collections from the same geographical location were genetically and biochemically diverse.ThesisItem Open Access QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF UNDERGROUND DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY PALAMPUR, HIMACHAL PRADESH(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Meenakshi; Chauhan, Ramesh C.The present investigation was carried out to assess the underground drinking water quality of Agriculture University Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. The physico-chemical characteristics such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, alkalinity-P, alkalinity-M, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, fluoride, iron, total nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphate-phosphorous and microbiological characteristics like total coliform were estimated and recorded at four different study sites seasonally from July-2017 to June- 2018. The majority of physico-chemical characteristics showed significant relationships among themselves. The quality parameters i.e. temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, total suspended , total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, fluoride, total nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorous and microbiological characteristics like total coliform were found much below the desirable limit except for iron as per BIS. The iron concentration during study was recorded maximum (1.54 mg/L) in the summer season and minimum (1.4 mg/L) in rainy season which is beyond the permissible limit as per BIS. Although iron has got little concern as a health hazard but is still considered as a nuisance in excessive quantities. The limits of iron in waters are based on aesthetic and taste consideration rather than its physiological effects. Microbiologically also all of the water samples were found free of MPN bacteria. It can, therefore, be concluded that the underground water of university is of very good quality and suitable for drinking purposesThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies on tannin degradation by Aspergillus niger van tieghem(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 1997) Rakesh Dev Dutt; Bhat, T.K.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the biochemical action of eupatorium toxins in animal system(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 1996) Kaushal, Vanita; Dawra, R.K.