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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Identification of loci governing nodulation efficiency and drought tolerance traits using GWAS approach and validation by QTL mapping in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)(Palampur, 2021-11-26) Choudhary, Sunny; Chahota, R.K.Macrotyloma uniflorum is a popular self-pollinated diploid (2n=2x=20) legume. Because of its drought resilience, resistance to heavy metal stress, antioxidant content, antimicrobial activities, and many medicinal qualities, horsegram is a crop of interest and a possible future food source. Drought tolerance and nodulation efficiency characteristics were assessed using a core set of 96 horsegram genotypes. The trial was held in a polyhouse in Palampur (Himachal Pradesh). Plants were sown in polytubes under two environments. At the relevant development stages, phenotypic data was collected. Following the separation of DNA from plants, samples were genotyped. SSR and SNP markers were used to genotype the samples. Six QTLs were associated with the number of nodules, seven with root length, and the most QTLs (12) were identified for root moisture content in the analysis of SSR markers. For root volume, eight QTLs were found, whereas for shoot fresh weight, three QTLs were discovered. Nine QTLs for days to temporary wilting, seven for RWC, and five for root fresh weight were identified. Five QTLs were shown to be linked to days to temporary wilting. Nine QTLs were discovered for the number of nodules. Six QTLs were discovered to be linked to root fresh weight. Root length had the highest number of QTLs (21), indicating the complexity of this important characteristic. Fourteen QTLs were discovered for root volume. There were 10 and 13 QTLs identified for relative water content and shoot fresh weight, respectively. These possible indicators will help us explore the drought resistance and nodulation efficiency mechanisms of horsegram in the near future. The use of these markers to perform positional cloning of genes in horsegram plants will provide new insights into drought tolerance and nodulation efficiency, allowing breeders to conduct experiments to further improve varieties for better adaptation to harsh and dry environmental conditions, which negatively affect plant growth and development and ultimately result in yield losses.ThesisItem Open Access SSR markers based genetic diversity studies in Valeriana jatamansi Jones.(Palampur, 2021-10-28) Kumari, Nirupma; Sharma, Ram KumarValeriana jatamansi Jones. is a perennial, tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32), gynodioecious herb from family Valerianaceae. It is native to the Himalayan region, distributed from an altitude range of 1,000 to 3,000 m asl (above sea level) and in India, it is mainly distributed in the northern and north-eastern states. Due to great economic importance for its unique medicinal, flavour and aromatic properties the species have been subjected to great habitat degradation and fragmentation by the illegal trade. Additionally, plant also lacks any molecular genetics efforts mainly because of the non-availability of genome-wide molecular marker resources. In this study, a total of 9,988 SSR containing sequences were derived with maximum abundance of direpeats (~48%) followed by tri-repeats (~32%). Furthermore, synthesis and validation of 103 functionally SSR markers identified 51 polymorphic markers. Extrapolation of highly informative 10 SSR markers for genotyping 100 individuals representing ten diverse geographical populations suggests wide utilization of these markers in large scale fingerprinting studies of V. jatamansi germplasm. Neighbor- joining based hierarchical clustering and Bayesian structure clustering analysis corresponded each other and grouped 100 genotypes into two major clusters suggesting that there are two major genetic pools operating in Himachal Pradesh. Further, AMOVA analysis suggests maximum diversity exists within population (75%). Moderate genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.14) with significant gene flow (Nm = 1.79) may be attributed to natural bottlenecks and various anthropogenic activities in the region. Microsatellite markers identified in this study can be categorized as “Informative Markers” which can be further used for genotyping, genome mapping, evolutionary studies and implementation conservation plans for sustainable utilization of V. jatamansi.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ORGANICALLY GROWN WHEAT GENOTYPES(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; SHARMA, NEELAMIn the present investigation entitled “Biochemical evaluation of organically grown wheat genotypes” the grains of twenty-four selected genotypes of wheat each for organically and inorganically grown were evaluated for biochemical attributes of dietary significance and nutritional aspects. Statistically significant variations in wheat genotypes grown under organic production system were observed in moisture content (11.06 to 13.08%), ash (1.12 to 2.26%), crude protein (8.27 to 12.88%), fat content (1.15 to 3.27%), crude fibre content (1.02 to 2.4%), carbohydrates (69.06 to 74.40%), total soluble protein (0.33 to 0.68 mg/100g), lysine content (0.17 to 0.31 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (64.29 to 79.58%). Genotypes grown under inorganic production system varied significantly in moisture content (11.16 to 14.54 %), ash (1.15 to 2.27 %), crude protein (8.54 to 12.07%), fat (1.15 to 3.03%), crude fibre (1.2 to 2.8%), carbohydrates (67.74 to 75.12%), total soluble protein (0.48 to 0.66 mg/100g), lysine content (0.26 to 0.37 mg/100g) and in vitro protein digestibility (62.44 to 79.95%). The range of variation for minerals in organically grown wheat genotypes, viz., sodium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese were found to be in order of 25.75-40 mg/100g, 0.28-0.69 mg/100g, 6.24-6.63 mg/100g, 2.67-6.97 mg/100g and 1.02-1.84 mg/100g respectively. The trend in inorganically grown wheat genotypes for variability in sodium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese was found to be 28.55-44.25 mg/100g, 0.33-0.50 mg/100g, 6.24-6.37 mg/100g, 1.54-5.80 mg/100g and 1.23-1.99 mg/100g respectively. Amongst the organically grown wheat genotypes, the highest value was observed in HPW-972 for crude protein and ash; in HPW-973 for crude fat; in KANKU for carbohydrates; PW-1054 for in vitro protein digestibility. In case of inorganically grown wheat genotypes, highest value was observed in HPWO-4 for protein; in HPW-972 and HPW-155 for fat; in ML-1099 for carbohydrates; in PW-1054 for in vitro protein digestibility and ash. The information obtained from this study has been used for carrying out the cumulative grading of genotypes both grown under organic and inorganic production system for nutritionally desirable characters. On grading genotypes grown under different systems together, inorganically grown AB-1 genotype ranked first and organically grown genotype HPW-980 ranked second.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF Chenopodium ambrosioides GROWN IN KANGRA VALLEY(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2019-07-28) SHARMA, SHIVANI; Singh, NageswerIn the present investigation entitled “Nutritional Status of Chenopodium ambrosioides grown in Kangra Valley” the leaf samples of Chenopodium ambrosioides collected from twelve locations of Kangra valley were evaluated for various biochemical and phytochemical constituents of quality significance. Significant variation in biochemical constituents among various Chenopodium ambrosioides collections was observed i.e. moisture (26.01 to 36.64 per cent), total ash (15.01 to 19.15 per cent), crude protein (23.18 to 31.20 per cent), crude fat (2.73 to 6.89 per cent), crude fibre (9.01 to 10.69 per cent), total carbohydrate (4.95 to 13.68 per cent), sodium (227.50 to 315.00 mg/100g), calcium (912.50 to 1025.00 mg/100g), potassium (982.50 to 1086.67 mg/100g), iron (0.64 to 0.69 mg/100g), zinc (0.11 to 0.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.05 to 0.11 mg/100g) and copper (0.13 to 0.45 mg/100g). Phytochemical constituents also showed considerable variation in the total phenols (326.33 to 489.56 mg/100g), tannins (75.16 to 195.06 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (0.87 to 1.68 mg/g), carotenoids (13.33 to 23.87 µg/g), ascorbic acid (7.25 to 17.29 mg/100g), PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activity (0.045 to 0.092 ΔOD/min), and antioxidant activity (4.53 to 9.18 µg/ml). Multi-purpose/versatile collections were identified based on cumulative rating as Dehra, Harchkiyan, Jaswan, Palampur and Daroh followed by Thural for proximate composition, mineral content and phytochemical constituents excelling in that order of preference.ThesisItem Open Access PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF VIRUS INFECTED CAPSICUM AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF VIRAL PATHOGEN(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-01-31) SINGH, SHIPRA; Sharma, NeelamCapsicum is a cash crop of Himachal Pradesh commonly known for the abundance of antioxidants. Viral disease incidence has become very prominent in this crop. A total 19 viruses are known to infect Capsicum crop in India. In the present investigation entitled, “Phytochemical studies of virus infected Capsicum and molecular characterisation of viral pathogen”, a survey was conducted and 51 leaf samples were collected on the basis of symptoms from three districts of Himachal Pradesh i.e. Kangra, Kullu and Mandi. All the collected samples were analysed for the presence of viruses and their effect on phytochemical constituents. In addition to this, molecular characterisation of most prevalent virus was carried out. Screening of the samples for the presence of viruses through DAS-ELISA and identification and confirmation through RT-PCR revealed that CMV, PVY, PVX, GBNV, PSTVd (viroid) and TYLCV were the common viruses which infect Capsicum crop in Himachal Pradesh. The percent viral infection in Capsicum was 58.8 percent for CMV, 37.2 percent for PVY, 7.8 percent for TYLCV, 29.4 percent for PVX and 1.96 percent for PSTVd and GBNV both. Thus, CMV was the most prevalent virus in Capsicum crop. A significant decrease was observed in virus infected leaf samples of Capsicum for antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content Whereas total phenols and total flavonoids increased in infected samples.The molecular characterisation of CMV was carried out. An amplicon of approximately 829 bp, 958 bp, 1,314 bp, 373 bp, 842 bp and 647 bp for 1a helicase,1a methyltransferase, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b genes were obtained. BLASTn analysis revealed that 1a helicase protein gene showed 98.35 percent identity with 1a helicase isolate of Capsicum sp. from Germany,1a methyltransferase protein gene showed 98.21 percent identity with 1a methyltransferase protein gene isolate of Tagetus erecta. from India, 2a protein gene showed 99.39 percent identity with Cucumber mosaic virus isolate TC segment of RNA -2 from UK, 2b protein gene showed 94.07 percent identity with 2b protein genes from Germany, movement protein (3a) gene showed 99.28 percent identity with Cucumber mosaic virus isolate CMV12 3a protein (3a) gene of Zucchini from Poland and Coat protein (3b) gene showed 99.23 percent identity with CP gene for coat protein of Valeriana from India.Comparative genome sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of CMV genes based on subgroups revealed that CMV-PLP 8 isolate belongs to subgroup-II of CMV.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL AND RESIDUE STUDIES OF TEMBOTRIONE IN MAIZE(CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-01-31) SAPEHIA, SHAILA; Sharma, NeelamA field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) consisting of five treatments viz. tembotrione 60g/ha, tembotrione 120g/ha, tembotrione 240g/ha, atrazine 1.5kg/ha and control to study the “Biochemical and residue studies of tembotrione in maize” in the Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during kharif season, 2019. Maize plant samples were collected at monthly intervals (i.e. zero (2 hrs), 30, 60 days after the herbicide application) and at harvest for biochemical analysis and grain samples at maturity of crop for quality indices and for residue studies. Soil samples were collected at zero (2 hrs), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 days and at harvest for the residue studies. Protein content in maize plant was not influenced very distinctly with applied treatments, except at 30 days. However, a numerical increase in total protein content was noticed in tembotrione treatments over control. Total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and total carbohydrates content in maize leaves increased significantly with applied tembotrione treatments and maximum increase was noticed in treatment tembotrione 120g/ha. A significant increase in total carbohydrates content in maize grain over control was observed in all the herbicide applied treatments. The residue data of tembotrione generated in present investigation indicated that tembotrione 60g/ha, tembotrione 120g/ha and tembotrione 240g/ha persisted in soil up to 30, 45 and 45 days, respectively. Approximately 75 per cent of applied herbicide in soil dissipated within 15 days after herbicide application. The dissipation of tembotrione in the soil at three rates of application i.e tembotrione 60g/ha, tembotrione 120g/ha and tembotrione 240g/ha followed first order kinetics and the half –lives ranged from 9 to 14 days. Residues of tembotrione were below detectable levels i.e. ≤0.025µg/g in maize grain and maize stoverThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION OF SEMI-DWARF AND BLAST RESISTANT DERIVATIVES OF RANBIR BASMATI USING ANTHER CULTURE AND MARKER-ASSISTED-SELECTION(CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-02) Samal, Prabhudut; Rathour, RajeevRice blast is one of the most important fungal diseases in rice, which is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn: Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). The disease not only causes reduction in yield but also results in chalky and sterile grains thus ultimately deteriorating the grain quality in Basmati rice. The present investigation was aimed at development of the semi-dwarf and blast resistant fixed derivatives of a traditional Basmati rice variety Ranbir Basmati through introgression of blast resistance gene Pi-9 and a recessive semi-dwarfing gene sd-1 from a Basmati donor PB1(Pi9). Of the total 388 BC2F2 plants of cross Ranbir Basmati*3/ PB1(Pi9) subjected to marker-assisted foreground selection, 23 were found to be homozygous for both the genes Pi-9 and sd-1. Of the 12459 anthers of BC2F2 progenies of plant JKR-1-29-100 only 68 formed calli, whereas 28 calli were induced from the 6043 anthers obtained from BC2F2 progenies of JKR1-34-16. A total of 37 plantlets were regenerated from the 96 anther derived calli of the selected BC2F2 progenies with overall regeneration frequency of 38.54%. A significant proportion of regenerated plantlets were albinos. Of the total 37 regenerated plantlets 21 (56.75%) were green, while the remaining 16 (43.24%) were albinos. The overall anther culture response of the BC2F2 derivatives of cross Ranbir Basmati*3/ PB1(Pi9) was very low (0.11%) as only 21 green plantlets could be regenerated from the 18502 cultured anthers. The analysis of yield and its component traits in anther culture derived doubled haploid (DH) plants revealed the presence of superior transgressive segregants for the traits viz., effective tillers, grains per panicle and yield per plant; some of the DH plants out performed both the parental genotypes for these traits. Two DH lines, DH-6 and DH-11, besides being semi-dwarf and highly resistant to blast, exhibited yield, maturity and grain quality attributes (except grain length) comparable or better than Ranbir Basmati. These lines can be further evaluated for yield and blast resistance under multi-location yield trials to assess their potential as new varieties.
