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Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner

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20221
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Subject: Entomology × Author: CHOUDHARY , ARJUN LAL ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of Major Insect Pests of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) with Special Reference to Biorational Approach
    (2022) CHOUDHARY , ARJUN LAL; Kumawat, K.C.
    The investigation entitled ‘Management of major insect pests of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) with special reference to biorational approach.’ was conducted at Asalpur Farm, S. K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during the year 2019 and 2020. The study on the succession and incidence of insect pests revealed that the leaf roller, Caloptilia (=Gracillaria) acidula (Meyr.);shoot gall maker, Hypolamprus (=Betousa) stylophora (Swinhoe); bark eating caterpillar, Indarbela tetraonis Moore, I. quadrinotata (Walker) and fruit borer, Deudorix (=Virachola) isocrates (Fab.) were recorded as major insect pests quantitatively at different phenology of Indian gooseberry.The peak population (46.60 and 44.80/ 5 shoots) of leaf roller was recorded in the last week of September (39th SMW), 2019 and 2020. The leaf roller population had positive significant correlation (r=0.44, 0.39, respectively during 2019 and 2020) with the minimum temperature.The maximum shoot gall maker damage of 6.60-7.40 per cent was observed in last week of August (35th SMW) to first week of September (36th SMW).The mean relative humidity had significantly positive correlation (r=0.57, 0.65) during both the years of investigation. The damage of bark eating caterpillar was observed at its peak (4.0-5.0/ 5 plants in 2019 and 2020) in first week of September. The bark eating caterpillar had significantly positive correlation (r=0.54, 0.61) during both the years with the mean relative humidity. The peak infestation of fruit borer was recorded to be 16.00 and 15.00 per cent in 2019 and 2020, respectively in the 38th SMW (3rd week of September). The natural enemies (parasites and predators) associated with the insect pests on Indian gooseberry were Trichogramma chilonis Ishii; Tetrastichus sp.; green lacewing, Chrysoperala zastrowi arabica (Henry et al.); preying mantid, Mantis religiosa (L.); ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fab.); yellow wasp, Polistes hebraeus (F.); assassin bug, Harpactor costalis (Stal); spider and black ant, Camponotus compressus (Fab.) but meagre in numbers. The incubation period of eggs of shoot gall maker, H. stylophora was observed to be 5-7 days at ambient temperature, longevity of the caterpillar 21-27 days, pupal duration 9-12 days and adult longevity 6-10 days (female) and 6-9 days (male). Out of nine varieties of Indian gooseberry screened, NA-10, Kanchan, Gujarat-2, NA-20, Chakaiya, Gujarat-1 and Local were moderately susceptible to leaf roller; Chakaiya and Kanchan were least susceptible to shoot gall maker; Chakaiya was least susceptible to bark eating caterpillar and Chakaiya and Kanchan were categorized as least susceptible to fruit borer. The correlation (r) of all four major insect pests infestation was negatively significant with fruit yield. The TSS (%) of fruit had positive significant correlation with fruit borer infestation. The phenol had negative significant correlation, whereas, sugar had positive significant correlation with four major insect pests. Out of twelve treatments of newer insecticides and biopesticides, the minimum population of leaf roller was found in diafenthiuron, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, standard check (quinalphos/ malathion) and pyriproxyfen treated plants which were found at par. The minimum shoot gall maker infestation was recorded on the plants treated with standard check (quinalphos/ malathion), spinosad and chlorantraniliprole which were statistically at par among each other. The minimum bark eating caterpillar infestation was evident in the spinosad and emamectin benzoate which differed non significantly with each other. The minimum fruit borer infestation was recorded in the plants treated with spinosad, emamectin benzoate, standard check (quinalphos/ malathion) and chlorfenapyr which were statistically at par among each other. The maximum fruit yield was observed in the diafenthiuron 50 WP, chlofenapyr 10 SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC, spinosad 45 SC, standard check (quinalphos 25 EC/ malathion 50 EC) and emamectin benzoate 5 SG viz., 169.75-177.95 q/ ha which were found at par among each other and significant over other treatments. The maximum benefit cost ratio was exhibited in spinosad 45 SC (24.56) followed by pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC (21.94), emamectin benzoate 5 SG (16.59) and standard check (quinalphos 25 EC/ malathion 50 EC)