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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil properties under Legume based Agroforestry Systems(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Suman; Bhardwaj, K.K.The present investigation entitled āImpact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil properties under Legume based Agroforestry Systemsā was conducted at Research Farm of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during 2020-21 to evaluate the effect of INM under different agroforestry systems on soil physical, chemical, biological properties and also on yield and nutrient uptake by mungbean. Soil samples from different tree based systems (Poplar+Mungbean and Eucalyptus+Mungbean) and control (devoid of tree) were analysed for different soil properties at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. Moisture content increased significantly with increase in soil depth and it decreased in tree integrated system. Soil texture changes from loamy sand to sandy clay loam with increase in depth. The bulk density of soil was significantly influenced by soil depths but the effect of treatments, systems and their interactions was found non-significant. Highest infiltration rate (3.0 cm/h) was observed in T4 (Vermicompost @ 1 t/ha) treatment followed by T2 (FYM @ 2 t/ha) treatment under different cropping systems. Depth-wise, significantly lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.139 cm/h) was observed in mungbean sole crop (60-90 cm) and highest (0.226 cm/h) was in Poplar+Mungbean (0-15cm) system. Effect of tree based system and soil depth was significant on EC of soil whereas influence of treatments applied and their interaction was found non-significant. The influence of system, soil depth, treatments and their interaction on soil pH, CaCO3 and total N was found non- significant. Organic carbon, available N, P and K were 19.2, 19.4, 32.8 and 10.8 % higher in poplar based agroforestry system as compare to control, respectively. Significantly highest micronutrient contents recorded in Poplar+Mungbean system and lowest in sole mungbean crop. The NH4+_ N and NO3- - N improved significantly under tree based system. MBC, phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease activities were 34, 23.4, 34.1 and 26.3% higher in poplar based agroforestry system as compare to control, respectively. Grain and straw yield of mungbean in control (devoid of trees) were 1.87 and 1.84 times higher as compare to poplar and eucalyptus based agroforestry system, respectively. By application of different treatments it was observed that RDF (T1) leads to an increase in grain yield of mungbean by 39, 54.5, 25.9, 17.4, 33.2, 69 and 77.1% over treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively and in straw yield, RDF (T1) leads to an increase of 40.4, 62.6, 24, 21.6, 34.4, 76.4 and 79.9% over treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively. Nutrient content in grain and straw was found not to be significantly affected by different treatments under different agroforestry systems but nutrient uptake was significant. Organic carbon showed significant positive correlation with available N, P, K, MBC, dehydrogenase activity and phosphtase activity. Hence it may be concluded that agroforestry system and organic manure enhanced soil organic matter and improved soil properties whereas the yield of mungbean was reduced.ThesisItem Open Access Performance of biofortified pearl millet hybrid with intercropping of legumes and oilseed in semi arid environment(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Suman; Anil KumarThe experiment entitled āPerformance of biofortified pearl millet hybrid (HHB299) with intercropping of legumes and oilseed in semi arid environmentā was conducted at the Research Farm of Bajra Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif season of 2019 to assess the effect of different legume and oilseed intercrops on growth, yield, competition functions and economics of pearl millet based intercropping systems. The experiment consisting of 11 treatments i.e. sole crops of pearl mille at 45 cm row spacing and in paired raw (30:60), green gram (MH-421), cluster bean (HG 2-20) and Sesame (HT1) along with intercropping of green gram, cluster bean and sesame with pearl millet in 2:1 and 2:2 row ratios was laid out in randomised block design with three replications. Phenological studies revealed that intercropping of pearl millet-sesame 2:1 intercropping took maximum number of days to reach various phenological stages. Sole pearl millet at 45 cm had highest LAI at 40 DAS and LAD values between 41 to 60 DAS. At harvest, sole pearl millet at 45 cm had maximum (83.11 g plant-1) and pearl millet-sesame in 2:1 intercropping had minimum dry matter accumulation plant-1. The yield attributes viz. effective tillers plant-1, earhead length, earhead girth and test weight were found significantly higher in sole pearl millet at 45 cm than all the treatments except number of effective tillers plant-1, earhead girth and test weight in 2:2 row ratio of pearl millet-green gram intercropping system. Grain:chaff varied from 2.31 to 2.95 whereas, tiller conservation index (TCI) ranged between 66.74 to 73.81 % among different treatments. The highest pearl millet grain yield (48.83 q ha-1) was realized in the sole pearl millet at 45 cm and it recorded 4.15, 7.55, 11.97, 18.55, 19.20, 19.99 q ha-1 higher yield than intercropping system of pearl millet with green gram, cluster bean and sesame in 2:1 and 2:2 row ratios, respectively. The stover yield of sole pearl millet at 45 cm was 2.57, 4.57, 9.49 q ha-1 higher over its intercropping with green gram, cluster bean and sesame, respectively in 2:1 row ratio and 29.30, 29.89, 31.80 q ha-1 higher over these intercrops in 2:2 intercropping system. The protein content was maximum in pearl millet-green gram 2:2 intercropping system (11.13 %). Various competition indices viz. LER, ATER, aggressivity, crowding coefficient and competition ratio indicated that sesame was most competitive and green gram was most complementary crop among all the intercrops. The higher values of monetary advantage index (Rs. 27,711 ha-1) and income equivalent ratio (1.28) in green gram intercropped with pearl millet in 2:1 row ratio indicated that this was the most profitable intercropping system. The pearl millet equivalent yield of pearl millet-green gram in 2:1 row ratio (64.65 q ha-1) was significantly higher than sole pearl millet (57.84 q ha-1) and all the intercropping treatments (20.01-59.68 q ha-1). The gross (` 1,29,304 ha-1) and net (` 82,683 ha-1) returns were highest in pearl millet-green gram 2:1 intercropping system and net returns from this system was `7,690 ha-1 more as compared to sole pearl millet at 45 cm. Maximum benefit-cost ratio was recorded in sole pearl millet (2.84) which was followed by pearl millet-green gram in 2:1 intercropping system (2.77).ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds using green synthetic methods and their bioevaluation(CCSHAU, 2019) Suman; Rajvir SinghGreen chemistry is a sustainable approach to explain latest research topics and expresses an area of scientific discoveries about pollution awareness. Green chemistry is the future chemistry which is simple, efficient and benign in all steps of particular synthesis processes. Coumarins, chalcones, Pyrazoles and Imidazoles are versatile classes of heterocycles and intermediates for the preparation of other organic compounds due to their effective biological activities. For the preparation of these compounds and their derivatives, different organic solvents and reagents are being used which are quite hazardous to environment and human health due to their volatile and toxic nature. Since last few years attempts are being made for ecofriendly synthesis viz. biocatalysis and synthesis by using green catalyst. Biocatalyst is a magical intermediate which is helpful to overcome the negative environmental effects due to various hazardous and toxic chemicals used in synthetic pathways.Therefore an attempt has been made to synthesize above mentioned classes of compounds by using various green catalyst. Thesecompounds were characterized by spectroscopic technique viz.1HNMR, IR, Elemental analysis and other analytical data. The green catalysts were examined by SEM. Synthesized compounds were screened for their antifungal, herbicidal and antioxidant activities at four different concentrations. Compounds 12 and 10 were found more activeagainst the tested fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger which have EC50values75.03 and 77.53Ī¼g/ml respectively. Compounds 11 and 60 were found more active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and (shoot) exhibited growth inhibition 82.86, 91.66, 92.12, 97.05% and 43.81, 58.00, 67.01, 89.07% respectively at50, 100, 150, 200Ī¼g/ml all concentrations.Compound 84 was found most active with least IC50 36.30Ī¼g/ml and showed highest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity at 25, 50, 75, 100Ī¼g/ml.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on chemical constituents of Prosopis cineraria (L.) and interaction of phenolics with protein(CCSHAU, 2018) Suman; Rajvir SinghProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce is native species of Indian desert, mainly known as āKing of Desertā. Its all parts have various parmaceutical and medicinal importance. Plant materials i.e. bark, flowers, leaves and pods of Prosopis cineraria were collected and extracted with hot methanol by refluxing method. The respective extractives were divided into two parts. One major part was subjected to column chromatography which affored a total twenty-two compounds. Bark column contained four compounds namely, 24- methylenecycloartan-3-one, Lupeol, 5,7,4ā-trihydroxy-3ā-methoxy flavanone and Ī²- Sitosterol while six compunds namely, Hexacosane, Tetracosyl tetracosanoate, 1- triacontanol, Patuletin, Bis (cis-13-docosenamido) methane and Ī²- Sitosterol from flowers of P.cineraria. leaves afforded eight compounds namely, 1- Heptacosanol, 1- Nonadecanol, Stigmasterol, nonacosane-15-one, 1- tetracosanoic acid, Ī²- Sitosterol, 3-O-methoxy-D-Glucose and 13- docosenamide. Four compounds namely, 1-heptatricontanol, 3,8,8-trimethoxy-3-piperidyl- 2,2ābinaphthalene-1,1ā,4,4ā-tetrone, Ī²- Sitosterol and Catechin were isolated from pods of Prosopis cineraria. Various phytochemical activities like total phenolic content, total flavonoids, mineral contents and phenolics interaction with protein were evaluated from methanolic extract and their fractions. Total phenolic contents were found to be maximum in methanol fraction of pods of Prosopis cineraria while acetone fraction of pods contained maximum total flavonoid content. P. cineraria possessed mineral content in trend of N> P> K> Fe> Cu> Zn> Mn. Acetone fraction of pods part was found to be maximum protein binding capacity at highest concentraction (10Ī¼g/Ī¼l). It was significantly showed that P. cineraria has nutritionl and digestible value of various fractions by stepwise increased in the percentage activity at different concentrations.ThesisItem Open Access Residue dynamics and leaching potential of chlorantraniliprole in chilli crop(CCSHAU, 2017) Suman; SushilThe main objective of this study was to understand the persistence behaviour of new novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole (coragen 18.5 SC) in chilli fruit and its leaching behaviour in sandy loam soil. Recovery experiments were carried out at 0.01 and 0.05 Ī¼g/g fortification level in both chilli and soil samples for which average recoveries were found to be 85.23% and 87.46% in chilli samples and 85.92% and 87.11% in soil samples respectively. For dissipation / persistence study a field experiment was conducted following application of single dose (30 g a.i./ha) and double dose (60 g a.i./ha) on chilli crop. The initial residues of CAP at single and double doses were 3.16 and 4.68 mg/kg. Residues persisted upto 7th and 15th day in single and double doses respectively, after which BDL (0.01 mg/kg) comes. For single dose half-life value was of 1.18 days with degradation rate constant (k) value of 0.58 day -1. For double dose half-life was 2.05 days with degradation rate constant (k) value of 0.33 day-1. Leaching behavior of CAP in soil was studied at single (5.6 Ī¼g) and double dose (11.2 Ī¼g) respectively, for which soil plexi columns were packed and percolated with 35 ml of tap water after each 24 hours. Total amount of CAP recovered out of 5.6 and 11.2 Ī¼g were 82.40% and 81.42% from single and double doses respectively. Maximum retention of pesticide in both doses was in 0-5 cm soil core i.e. 79.82% in single dose and 79.11% in double dose. None of the leachate fractions from both the treatments showed the presence of chlorantraniliprole residue considering it safe for ground water table after field application.ThesisItem Open Access Genotyping and phenotyping of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.] hybrids and their parental lines(CCSHAU, 2017) Suman; Chhabra, A.K.Present study was carried out to characterize pearlmillet hybrids and their parental lines and resemblance between hybrids and their parents. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] was studied using 28 morpho-agronomic traits (15 qualitative and 13 quantitative) and 47 SSR markers. Significant mean sum of squares indicated sufficient variation in the lines. Correlation coefficient analysis during 2011-12 revealed that leaf sheath length, leaf blade length, leaf blade width, number of nodes/ plant, spike length, spike girth, number of productive tillers/ plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder weight, dry fodder weight have positive and significant correlation with grain yield and during 2012-13, leaf sheath length, leaf blade length, number of nodes/ plant, spike girth, plant height, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder weight and dry fodder weight have positive and significant correlation with grain yield. Resemblance between hybrids and their parents was higher at molecular level than morphological level. Genotyping with 14 polymorphic markers revealed that Xipcs is highly informative primer as it had highest PIC value (0.49) followed by Xpsmp 2089 (0.48).ThesisItem Open Access ARIMA, state space and mixed modeling for sugarcane yield prediction in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2017) Suman; Verma, UrmilForecasting of crop production is one of the most important aspects of agricultural statistics system. Crop production forecasting comprises crop identification, area estimation and predicting the yield of the crop. Understanding the behaviour of crop yields becomes increasingly important for modeling production functions, forecasting price movements and understanding the farmersā responses to government programs. The statistical modeling approaches viz., ARIMA, state space and linear mixed modeling were used to achieve the district-level sugarcane yield estimation in major mustard growing districts of Haryana. The time-series sugarcane yield data for the period 1960-61 to 2009-10 of Karnal and Ambala districts, 1972-73 to 2009-10 of Kurukshetra district and 1980-81 to 2009-10 of Panipat and Yamunanagar districts were used for the development of different models. The selected models have been validated using the data on subsequent years i.e. 2010-11 to 2014-15, not included in the development of yield forecast models. After experimenting with different lags of moving average and autoregressive processes; ARIMA(0,1,1) for Karnal and Ambala districts and ARIMA(1,1,0) for Kurukshetra, Panipat and Yamunanagar districts were fitted. The underlying parameters of ARIMA models are assumed to be constant however the data in agriculture are generally collected over time and thus have the time-dependency in parameters. State space procedure giving time varying parameters models allow for known changes in the structure of the system over time. Thus, the same time series data were analyzed to achieve sugarcane yield estimates for the same five post-sample years using state space procedures by the application of Kalman filtering technique. Lastly, the linear mixed models with time both as fixed and random effects using different types of covariance structures viz., VC, AR(1) and Toeplitz were developed for sugarcane yield predition in the targeted districts. Finally, the performance of fitted models were decided on the basis of statistic(s) like AIC, BIC and log likelihood etc. Thus, the sugarcane yield estimates for the post-sample years 2010-11 to 2014-15 were obtained on the basis of fitted ARIMA, state space and linear mixed models. The predictive performance(s) of the contending models were observed in terms of percent deviations of sugarcane yield forecasts in relation to the observed yield(s) and root mean square error(s) as well. The state space models performed well with lower error metrics as compared to the alternative models in all time regimes i.e. these models consistently showed the superiority over ARIMA and linear mixed models in capturing percent relative deviations. In addition, the developed models are capable of providing the reliable yield estimates well in advance of the crop harvest while on the other hand, the DOA yield estimates are obtained quite late after the actual harvest of the crop.ThesisItem Open Access Performance Of Pinoxaden Alone And In Combination With Other Herbicides Against Weeds In Wheat(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Suman; Punia, S SThesisItem Open Access Screening and characterization of Mesorhizobium ciceri isolates for antagonistic effect to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri(CCSHAU, 2010) Suman; Yadav, A.S.Screening and characterization of Mesorhizobium ciceri isolates for antagonistic effect to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceriā was investigated on 207 isolates obtained from the nodules of chickpea plant. The growth of these 207 isolates was checked on YEMA Congo red medium. Out of 207 isolates, 117 were fast growing and 90 were slow growing rhizobia. These 207 isolates were screened for their anagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Out of 207 isolates, seven isolates were found to be antagonistic to F. oxysporum. Size of inhibition zone varied among the seven isolates from 5 mm to 15 mm. MC99 produced the largest inhibition zone. These seven isolates were further studied for antibiotic, siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA) production and phosphate solubilization. None of the seven isolates was producing antibiotic. Out of these seven isolates, MC84, MC96, MC99 were producing siderophore and MC69, MC180, MC183 and MC190 were not producing siderophore. So, the mechanism of antagonism might be different in all these isolates. All the seven isolates were produing IAA, which varied among these isolates. The isolate MC99 was producing maximum indole acetic acid. None of the seven isolates was solubilizing tricalcium phosphate. In the present study, the isolate MC99 was found to be having maximum antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum, as it produced maximum zone of inhibition against this fungus. It had also the maximum amount of IAA and siderophore.