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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Computational studies of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzyme in pulses(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Pooja; Ahalawat, NavjeetCytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a large superfamily of enzymes found in all domains of life, including plants. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of various compounds, including drugs, toxins, and endogenous substrates. Pulses are the richest source of fiber and complex carbohydrates, resulting in a low GI food. CYP450s enzymes are heme-containing monooxygenases that catalyze metabolisms of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. They constitute a superfamily of enzymes present in various organisms including mammals, plants, bacteria, and insects. CYP450s are diverse and metabolize a wide variety of substrates, but their structures are largely conserved. In this study, bioinformatics analyses of CYP450s enzyme performed in pulses. According to the conserved motifs obtained by MEME and MAST tools, ten motifs were common in all those pulses. The structural and functional analyses of CYP450s in pulses were done by using UniProtKB and InterProScan tools in ExPASy database. The tertiary structures of pulses were predicted by Phyre2 web server. The protein sequences were aligned with ClustalW and then the phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA11 using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. By the successful analysis of CYP450s, we developed a productive database by using MYSQL and PHP. The database provides information related to 200 proteins of P450s in pulses with their predicted 3D structure in PDB format, functions and Fasta sequences. A Pulses Cytochrome P450 database serves as a centralized repository for curated information on CYP450 enzymes in pulses. It consolidates data from various sources, including sequence information, structural data, substrate specificity, and catalytic properties.ThesisItem Open Access Fabrication of bismuth telluride thin film and study of its electrical properties(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05) Pooja; Paul SinghIn this study, thin films of Bismuth Telluride were fabricated successfully by using thermal evaporation method onto different substrates (i.e., glass and silica) at ambient temperature. Their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) sepectrooscopy and SourceMeter Instrument, respectively. The FT-IR study showed that the prepared Bismuth Telluride films do not show any transmittance spectra. The XRD analysis revealed that the films were crystalline in nature. The surface mimages showed that the prepared films have a homogeneous and compact grain surface. The calculated optical band gap was about 2 eV for both types of film. The I-V characteristics of prepared thin films were analyzed at temperature ranges from 30°C to 100°C. It was found that the films fabricated onto silica substrates showed larger electrical conductivity than that of the films fabricated onto glass substrates. Also, the increment in electrical conductivity was observed with the temperature showing that the prepared films have negative temperature coefficient of resistance and exhibit the semiconductor behaviour.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of manure and nano urea on productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08-01) Pooja; Thakral, S.K.The present investigation entitled “Influence of manure and nano urea on productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out during Rabi 2022-23 at the Agronomy Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, CCS HAU, Hisar with the objectives to evaluate the effect of organic manures and nano urea on growth, quality, yield and economics of wheat. The research was carried out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatments with four replications. Factor A consisted of two wheat varieties (WH 1270 and DBW 303), assisted in main plot and while factor B comprised nine fertility levels, viz., 100% RDF, 125% RDF, 3 sprays of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 20-25, 40-45 and 60-65 DAS, 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha + 1 spray of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 40-45 DAS, 75% RDF + 2 sprays of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 20-25 and 40-45 DAS + PSB, 50% RDF + VC @ 4 t/ha + FYM @ 5t/ha + 1 spray of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 40-45 DAS, 50% RDF + VC @ 4 t/ha + 2 sprays of nano urea @ 500ml/ acre at 20-25 and 40-45 DAS, 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 500 g/ha, 50% RDF + 2 sprays of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 20-25 and 40-45 DAS + Azotobacter @ 500g/ha + PSB in sub plots. Based on the present study it was be concluded that the variety WH 1270 recorded in significantly higher growth parameters such as plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and yield attributing characters, viz., number of spikes per mrl-1 and 1000 grain weight as compared to the variety DBW 303. Higher grain yield (5154 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6099 kg ha-1) were registered by the variety WH 1270. Among the fertility levels, maximum plant height, crop growth rate, relative growth rate along with yield attributing like number of spikes per mrl-1, number of grains per spike and 1000- grain weight were noted by the treatment with application of 125% dose of fertilizer. This treatment resulted in dry matter accumulation, number of spikes per mrl-1,number of grains per spike and 1000- grain weight at par with the treatment with 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha + 1 spray of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 40-45 DAS. Maximum grains yield (5426 kg ha-1) was recorded with the treatment 125% RDF which was at par with the treatments 100% RDF (5350 kg ha-1) and 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha + 1 spray of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 40-45 DAS (5396 kg ha-1). Maximum straw yield (5422 kg ha-1) was observed with the treatment 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha + 1 spray of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 40-45 DAS were applied. Highest protein content (11.26%) was recorded with the treatment where 125% RDF was applied. It was 1.3% and 1.5% higher than the treatments with 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha + 1 spray of nano urea @ 500 ml/acre at 40-45 DAS (11.50) and 100% RDF (11.48). Highest net returns (₹ 86937 ha-1) and B: C (1.24) ratio were recorded with the treatment where 75% RDF + FYM at @ 5 t/ha with 1 spray of nano urea at 40-45 DAS was applied.ThesisItem Open Access Chemical profiling and biological evaluation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides N.) essential oil(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-08) Pooja; Ravi KumarThe present study was undertaken for chemical profiling and evaluation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides N.) essential oil of promising Sugandha variety from different samples of roots (sample 1, sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4). Commercially available VEO was obtained from St. Botanica pharmacy store, Panchkula, Chandigarh which was ordered online. Sample 1, sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4 were harvested after 10 months, months, 18 months and 5 years of sowing. The EOs used in the study, appeared as pale yellow viscous volatile liquids, obtained in 0.55, 0.50, 1.16 and 0.26 % yield from sample 1, sample 2, sample 3 and sample 4, respectively. The yield was highest in the roots harvested after 12 months of sowing and lowest in roots which was harvested very late approximately after 5 years. A significant variation was observed in chemical composition of these VEOs. VO3 had more diversity and VO1 had lesser diversity. However, the chemical composition of VO5 was totally different from the other studied oils. The antimicrobial activity of VEOs was studied against various bacterial and fungal strains. VO3 showed higher antibacterial activity against K. aeruginosa, X. axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis, S. aureus and VO1 showed higher antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and M. grisea. Whereas, VO5 displayed least activity against tested strains.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Happy Seeder on Socio-economic status of farmers in Haryana(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-08) Pooja; Tyagi, RashmiWheat is major cropping system in North West India with cropping intensity of nearly 200 %. The huge quantity of paddy straw after the combine harvesting of paddy is to be managed in 15-20 days to plant next succeeding wheat crop. Keeping in mind this short window of time, farmers prefer to burn rice residue after combine harvesting of crop because residues interfere with tillage and seeding operations for the next crop. According to a report by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers welfare (2018), total paddy straw produced in Haryana and Punjab together is 28.10 million tonnes (2018 estimates) out of which 11.3 million tonnes was burnt in the fields.. Though a number of machines are available for straw management, Happy Seeder is one of the unique techniques which is used for sowing wheat in standing stubbles of crop residue. The study was conducted in two agro-climate zones of Haryana namely dry zone and wet zone. Two districts i.e. Kaithal and Fatehabad were randomly selected from both the zones. From each of two selected districts, one block was i.e. Pundri from Kaithal & Ratia from Fatehabad were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. After the selection of blocks, a cluster of villages were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. 30 adopters and 30 non-adopters respondents were selected from each block on the whole 120 respondents were selected for the purpose of the study. The findings of the study revealed that Knowledge level of adopters was more as compare to non -adopters. From the discussion and data it was also found out that the major reasons for adoption were that happy seeder is a environment friendly technology, reduce fuel and labor cost, improves soil health & increase yield than conventional method whereas shortage of information, more hiring charges, more complex technology, not beneficial and not affordable were the reasons for non-adoption. Regarding socio-economic impact expenditure on social ceremonies increased after adoption of Happy Seeder such as expenditure on marriage, expenditure on children education. To increase the rate of adoption of Happy Seeder technology the extension activities should be increase among farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of possible potent herbicidal organic compounds using green catalysts(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja; Rajvir SinghEvery day there is a new invention in the field of chemistry but the people are curious about how much they are benign to us. Green chemistry serves as a tool to reshape the chemical processes to make them clean. Thus, green chemistry is the future chemistry which is simple, efficient and benign in all steps of particular synthesis processes. Coumarins, Imidazoles and Dihydropyrimidinones are versatile classes of heterocycles and intermediates for the preparation of other organic compounds due to their effective biological activities. For the preparation of these compounds and their derivatives, different reagents are being used which are quite hazardous to the environment and human health due to their toxic nature. Since last few years, attempts are being made for ecofriendly synthesis by using a green catalyst. Green catalyst is a megahit catalyst which is helpful to overcome the negative environmental effects due to various hazardous and toxic chemicals used in synthetic pathways. Hence, the most important aspect of green chemistry is the use of green catalysts in chemical reactions. Therefore an attempt has been made to synthesize above mentioned classes of compounds by using various green catalyst (Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Oxalic acid, Citrus limetta juice, Pineapple juice and Lemon juice). These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic technique viz. 1HNMR, IR, Elemental analysis and other analytical data. Synthesized compounds were screened for herbicidal activity at 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/mL concentrations. Compounds 11, 28 and 40 were found more active against the root and shoot of Raphanus sativus L.due to the presence of methyl, chloro and methoxy group (electron-donating groups) as substituents respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Dissipation and decontamination of chlorantrantraniliprole in okra(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja; SushilDissipation and decontamination of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 18.5% SC) in okra and soil (at harvest time) was studied following foliar spray on okra at recommended (30 g a.i. ha-1) and double of recommended (60 g a.i. ha-1) by Central Insecticide Board (CIB). The residue of the insecticide was analyzed using GC – MS/MS with a triple Quadruple analyzer, operated in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions m/z 278 > 249 and 278>251. Recovery experiment was performed on okra and soil sample fortified @ 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 mg kg-1and the observed recoveries were in range 85.23 – 88.79 % and 84.65 – 88.65% respectively. The initial deposit of CAP residue in okra fruit was 0.077 and 0.140 mg kg-1 for single (T1) and double (T2) dose respectively. These residues dissipated following first order degradation kinetics with half -life 1.90 and 1.92 days and reached below quantified level (LOQ i.e 0.01 mg kg-1) on 7th and 10th day for single (T1) and double (T2) dose respectively. In soil (at harvest time) the residue level was < LOQ for both doses. The decontamination processes dislodges the chlorantraniliprole residue to the extent of 84.00 – 38.89% from okra fruits and washing followed by boiling was found more effective i.e. 84.00 % in dislodging residue of chlorantraniliprole than washing alone and unwashed conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence analysis for morphological and biochemical traits in Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja; Pundir, S.R.The present investigation entitled “Genetic divergence analysis for morphological and biochemical traits in Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)” was carried out at the Research area of Cotton Section and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana, India) during Kharif 2017-18. The observations were recorded for different quantitative and biochemical characters to assess the genetic diversity in 60 Desi cotton genotypes. The GCV and PCV were observed high for seed cotton yield /plant, plant height (cm), number of bolls /plant, lint yield /plant (g), and protein content (%). High heritability was observed for almost all the characters studied except number of monopods /plant. The highest genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for traits like lint yield /plant (g), seed cotton yield /plant and gossypol content (%). Hence, on the basis of highest value for component of variation and variability parameter direct selection for traits would be most effective. Seed cotton yield /plant had a positive and highly significant correlation with trait like number of monopods /plant, number of bolls /plant, boll weight (g), lint yield /plant (g), seed index and lint index at genotypic level indicated that there was strong inherent association between these traits. On the basis of cluster analysis sixty Desi cotton genotypes were grouped into seven clusters, indicated the presence of substantial genetic diversity in the evaluated germplasm lines/genotypes. In this context, the highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster V and lowest in cluster II. The maximum inter-cluster distance were showed between clusters II and IV, whereas, the minimum inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster III and VII, followed by clusters I and II. The genotypes of cluster III viz; FFS-1, Garovilli, H 476-5, HD 10, HD 3 and HD 20 were best performing. Based on study of morphological genetic diversity, the genotypes viz., BH 92, DC-93, HD 5278, FFS-9, BH 102, AC 33, HD 351, HD 372, BH 41, N-W-1, HD 392, G 20 and G 23 showed sufficient amount of genetic diversity for yield and its component traits which may be used in cotton breeding programmes for further improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Parental stimulation for selected development aspects of preschoolers(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1997) Pooja; Punia, S
