Loading...
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
Browse
9 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Study on the effect of different types of nozzle for foliar application of urea solute(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-07) Pawan Kumar; Patel, BharatFoliar application of urea solute is the most efficient practice of fertilizer application for maximum nitrogen uptake by plants. A study was conducted to see the effect of air induction nozzles for deposition of urea solute as a foliar application on cotton crop. The air induction nozzles where an internal venture creates a negative pressure inside the nozzle body. Air is drawn into the nozzle through two holes in the nozzle side, mixing with the spray liquid. The emitted spray contains large droplets filled with air bubbles (similar to a candy malt ball) and virtually no fine, drift-prone droplets. Three types of nozzle i.e. conventional solid cone nozzle, air induction hollow cone nozzle, air induction flat fan nozzle were used in the study. Nozzles were evaluated on patternator in laboratory at three different liquid pressure (3 kg/cm2, 4 kg/cm2 and 5 kg/cm2), three nozzle spacing (650 mm, 700 mm, 750 mm) and three nozzle height (530 mm, 545 mm and 560 mm). The maximum swath for two air induction flat fan nozzle 750 mm apart was observed as 1296 mm with 16.69% CV at a liquid pressure of 3 kg/cm2 and nozzle height of 560 mm. In case of air induction hollow cones nozzle the maximum swath was achieved as 1200 mm with 15.78% CV at nozzles spacing of 700 mm, liquid pressure 3 kg/cm2 and nozzle height 530 mm and for conventional solid cone nozzle with 12.70% CV maximum swath observed as 1104 mm for two nozzles at nozzle spacing of 700 mm, liquid pressure 3 kg/cm2 and nozzle height 530 mm. These nozzles were evaluated in field conditions for the combination of operating parameters at maximum swath with a minimum coefficient of variation (CV) to their effect in terms of spray deposition. Nozzles are evaluated in field on parameters finalised in laboratory. Number median diameter of air induction hollow cone nozzle and air Induction flat fan nozzle were significantly (p=0.00864) more as compared to knapsack nozzle and solid cone nozzle on the upper and bottom side of leaves at top, middle and bottom level of cotton plant and also NMD due to leaf position on cotton plant (p=0.00137) was significant at 5% level of significance. For VMD due to nozzle type is not significance at 5% level but for leaf position VMD is significant at 5%level. Air induction flat fan nozzle has lowest uniformity coefficient 2.63 among all the nozzles. Area covered by droplets in case of air induction flat fan nozzle was significantly (p=0.024) higher than air induction hollow cone nozzle, solid cone nozzle and knapsack sprayer nozzle at top, middle and bottom level on upper and under side leaves of plant canopy respectively at 5% level of significance. The statistical analysis showed that air induction flat fan nozzle was significantly (p=0.01406) higher volume of spray deposition than air induction hollow cone and conventional knapsack nozzle at 5% level of significance.ThesisItem Open Access Population Structure Analysis and Genetic Diversity Studies for Yield Contributing Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Pawan Kumar; SomveerThe present study was undertaken with the objectives i) investigate the phenotypic and genetic diversity of promising genotypes of G. hirsutum and ii) to estimate the population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) using SSR markers. The experimental material comprised of 190 genotypes of upland cotton out of which 96 genotypes were used for population structure and further analysis. The test enteries were evaluated for various quantitative traits under three environments (early, normal and late sown conditions) during kharif-2018 and kharif-2019. Among the qualitative characters studied leaf color, leaf hairiness, leaf appearance, plant stem hairiness, plant height, flower petal color, flower stigma position, flower pollen color, boll shape, boll prominence of tip, and boll opening proved to be useful and stable diagnostic characters which proved useful in the classification of test genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits under investigation. Highly significant positive association of seed cotton yield per plant with number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint yield per plant, and seed index was recorded. All 96 genotypes were grouped into two clusters by population structure and analysis of molecular variance showed that most of the variation was among the genotypes as compare to among the sub-population. A total of 46, 48 and 46 significant marker-trait associations were identified in early, normal and late sown plantings, respectively. Out of these 21, 19 and 21 significant marker-trait associations were novel in early, normal and late sown environment, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access A study of soil health management practices for sustainable agriculture(CCSHAU, 2019) Pawan Kumar; Shehrawat, P.S.The present study aims at dealing with the farmers‟ awareness towards soil health, causes responsible for soil degradation, constraints, training needs of farmers and strategies for keeping the soil healthy and sound. The study was conducted in Haryana state. Haryana is divided into two Agro-Climatic zones such as North Eastern Zone and South Western Zone. From each zone two districts were selected purposively viz. Kurukshetra and Karnal from North-Eastern zone and Bhiwani and Rewari from South-Western zone. Further two blocks Thanesar and Babain from Kurukshetra; Karnal and Indri from Karnal; Siwani and Kairu from Bhiwani; and Khol and Bawal from Rewari were selected purposively having highest nutrient deficiency and 30 respondents will be selected randomly from each block. Thus, a total of 240 farmers were interviewed for this study. Majority of respondents (72.92%) belonged to productive age group and acquired education (90.00%) up to post graduate. Majority of the farmers had land holding up to 5 acres with rice-wheat (50.00%) cropping system. Majority of the respondents had low to medium level of mass media exposure and extension contact. It was observed that farmers‟ were well aware about soil texture, canal water is best for crops, nearest soil and water testing laboratory, SHC helps to indicate the soil health, zero tillage reduce the field preparatory, labor and fuel cost, timely irrigation enhance crop yield, INM increase the crop yield, excess pesticides use hazards, weed competes for light, water and nutrients etc., IFS helps to reduce the cost of production, crop diversification helps to reduce risk of crop failures, water harvesting reduces soil erosion, compost and vermin compost is best for vegetable crops, agro forestry provide healthy environment and extra income and organic farming reduces input cost. The major causes responsible for soil degradation were excessive use of chemical fertilizers and straw burning. Lack of soil and water testing facilities, inputs, high fertilizer cost, lack of knowledge about ETL, optimum climatic condition for biological agents, high rate of interest, lack of training and educational facilities, deteriorate of water quality in water harvesting, non-availability of earthworms, small and fragmented land holding, lack of interest among respondents due to long duration of returns were the major constraints in soil health management practices. The major training needs of farmers in crop residue management and in-situ residue management. The application of gypsum for sodic soil, land leveling, land use configuration and contour farming for sloppy land were found the most effective remedies for keeping the soil healthy and sound.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of spike morphology and grain yield component traits in Triticum aestivum L. em Thell(CCSHAU, 2011) Pawan Kumar; Yadav, Ramesh KumarThe present investigation comprising six generation (Parents, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of five crosses wheat viz. HJP81 x Rm-Ts17, HS27 x PBW502, HJP81 x PBW502, HS67 x PBW502, HG2 x HD2009M was conducted for estimating the gene effects for the spike morphology and yield component traits under two successive growing seasons (2008-09 and 2009-10) for fifteen spike morphological and yield component traits at the experimental area of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for most of the characters indicating thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. In some of the cases, the non-significance of chi-square value indicated the fitness for additive-dominance model. Additive component was significant for most of the characters and even as preponderant in magnitude over the dominance component. Either all or any of the three types of epistatic interactions (i, j and 1) were significant for most of the cases and generally it is the “i" type of interaction which is more frequently prevailing for most of the traits studied over the crosses. However, the magnitude and direction of estimates changed for the cross and the seasons. Additive x additive type of interaction with overdominance was recorded for peduncle length in cross-II, where the chance of transgressive segregates was high. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for plant height, peduncle length, spike length, spike compactness, spike biomass, 100 kernel weight, grain: spike biomass ratio and grain yield per plant. Complementary type of interaction was recorded for peduncle length, spike biomass, 100 kernel weights and days to heading. Significant heterosis was observed for plant height, peduncle length, spike length, grain: spike biomass ratio, grain yield per plant and days to heading. The magnitude and direction of heterosis was varying from cross to cross over both seasons, however, the inbreeding depression was also indicated as positive and significant in most cases. The potence ratio in F1 and F2 depicted the partial and over dominance was shown by all the traits under study. Genetic variability was estimated by GCV and PCV indicated maximum diversity for the cross-I followed by cross-IV, II, III and V. The genetic similarity coefficient analysis showed that extensive genetic diversity (from 26% to 93%) was present among parental genotypes. In cross-HJP81 x Rm-Ts17 the dendrogram constructed and clustered in six major groups. The hierarchical cluster analysis for cross-IV revealed that the F2 populations along with their parents were mainly divided into two major clusters and eight subgroups. Similar finding were revealed by PCA analysis. The F2 population SSR maker data for C-I and C-IV were subjected for the QTL analysis by WinQTL-Cartographer. Five QTL were detected for spike biomass at map positions, 88.1 (1A), 33.2(1B), 111.7(2D), 46.6(5A) and 97.8(5A) by SSR marker BARC263, BARC187, WMC601, XGWM443 and WMC475 respectively. Four QTL were detected for kernel weight per spike at map positions, 100.8 (1A), 45.9 (1B), 45.1 (5A), 103.0 (5A) by SSR marker WMC254, WMC416, XGWM443 and WMC110. These QTLs may be used for further improvement of the traits they represent.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed rate and row spacing on quality seed production of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Pawan Kumar; Phor, S.K.The experiment entitled Effect of seed rate and row spacing on quality seed production of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2016-17. The seed material used for the experiment was a released variety Hisar Sonali. The investigation comprising of five different seed rate (16, 18, 20, 22 and 24kg/ha) and three row spacing (20, 30 and 40cm) was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications with a plot size of 2.4 x 4.0m. Ten competitive plants are selected randomly from each plot to record data on various attributes, which were affected significantly with different seed rate and row spacing. Seed rate resulted significant improvement in all the growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. The uppermost value for number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight and germination percentage were recorded with seed rate of 16kg/ha. However, the plant height, biological yield, harvest index, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and vigour index-II were recorded utmost at seed rate of 24kg/ha. Whereas, the highest seed yield per plot and per hectare were recorded with a seed rate of 20kg/ha. Different row spacing had a significant effect on growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. The maximum value for plant height was recorded with row spacing of 20cm. The number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, seed yield per plot and per hectare, biological yield, harvest index, test weight, germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and vigour index-II were recorded highest with a row spacing of 40cm. Interaction of various seed rates with different row spacing results remarkable variation for growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. Significantly highest value were recorded for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight and germination percentage with treatment combination S1R3, i.e. seed rate 16kg/ha and row spacing of 40cm. The treatment combination S5R3, i.e. seed rate 24kg/ha and row spacing of 40cm, was found to be best with respect to biological yield, harvest index, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and vigour index-II. However, the maximum seed yield per plot and per hectare recorded with treatment combination S3R3, i.e. seed rate 20kg/ha and row spacing of 40cm.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on variability in sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de bary causing stem rot in Indian mustard(CCSHAU, 2013) Pawan Kumar; Rathi, A.S.The stem rot disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most serious fungal disease and causes maximum damage in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). The present investigation on cultural, morphological, pathogenic and genetic variability was carried out with fourteen isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from mustard growing areas of the country. All the isolates exhibited variations in their colony colour, type of growth and mycelial growth. HSR, FTH, SRS and DBW isolates showed dirty white colony colour, while rest of the isolates showed whitish colony colour. The variation in type of growth was also observed as BWL, MHR and BHR isolates showed fluffy and regular type of growth; ALW and JLN isolates showed fluffy but irregular growth, while rest of the isolates showed sparse and regular type of mycelial growth. All isolates showed significant differences in mycelial growth up to 72 hours of incubation, while non- gnificant differences were observed after 96 hours of incubation among the isolates. Significant variations were observed in number of sclerotia formation, size and pattern of sclerotia formation among the isolates after 10 days of incubation. Sufficient variability was also observed for number of apothecia per sclerotium. Isolates were also found to vary in their per cent disease intensity and significant host × pathogen interaction on different rapeseed-mustard genotypes under screen house and field conditions. HSR isolate was the most pathogenic with mean disease intensity of 53.1 and 60.8% under field and screen house conditions, respectively, while ALW was the least pathogenic isolate with disease intensity of less than 30% under both the conditions. Some isolates showed moderately resistant reaction on one genotype while, susceptible to highly susceptible reaction on rest of the genotypes. Some of the isolates could not be clearly differentiated pathogenically; however, they showed variable reactions on these genotypes. The variation was observed for stem breaking of different genotypes and formation of varying numbers of sclerotia after inoculation of S. sclerotiorum isolates under field conditions. The ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) analysis differentiated the fourteen isolates into two major clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.38. Cluster A was constituted by only one isolate ALW and Cluster B was a large group containing 13 isolates. Cluster B was further divided into two groups C and D which occupied nine and four isolates, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of drying methods and packing material on the shelf life of aonla powder (Emblica officinalis G.)(CCSHAU, 2011) Pawan Kumar; Surinder KumarThe present investigation was carried out in the Fruit Processing Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Powder of aonla fruits was prepared by blanching of aonla fruits in boiling water (98±2˚C) with five different concentration of KMS viz. 0ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm, 750ppm and 1000ppm KMS. After blanching the seeds were removed from the fruits and fruit pulp was dried in oven tray drier at (60˚C) and in solar tunnel drier. After dehydration, product was grinded into powder and packed in aluminium laminated bags and in polythene bags. Packed samples of powder were stored at ambient temperature with objective to study the effect of drying methods and packing material on quality of aonla powder during storage. During studies of drying of aonla pulp it was observed that the rate of moisture loss was fast in oven tray drier as compared to solar tunnel drier at each interval of time period. Moisture content of dehydrated product was recorded (9.04%) in solar tunnel dried and (8.21%) moisture content in oven tray dried fruit pulp. Maximum recovery percentage (10.37%) of aonla powder was recorded from fruits treated with 1000ppm KMS as compared to minimum (10.12%) recovery percentage from fruits treated with 0ppm KMS irrespective of drying methods. Loss of ascorbic acid content and acidity content was observed during blanching and drying. Maximum retention of ascorbic acid content (514.00 mg/100g) was recorded from fruits blanched with 1000ppm KMS. Maximum reduction in acidity content was recorded from 2.11% to 1.46% in fruits blanched with 0ppm KMS. During storage of aonla powder ascorbic acid, acidity, total sugars and reducing sugars content were decreased with increase in storage period whereas non-enzymatic browning and non reducing sugars increased with increase in storage period. During present investigation, it was also observed that fruits treated with 1000ppm KMS had retained maximum ascorbic acid and acidity content and recorded minimum non-enzymatic browning in both drying methods during storage, whereas fruits treated with 0ppm KMS had retained minimum ascorbic acid and acidity content and had maximum browning during storage. Sugars content were at par with each other with increase in concentration of KMS in both the drying methods. Maximum total sugars, reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars content were recorded in oven tray dried aonla powder during storage.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed size, spacing and nitrogen on seed potato production cv. Kufri Bahar(CCSHAU, 2012) Pawan Kumar; Bhatia, A.K.The experiment entitled“Effect of seed size, spacing and nitrogen on seedpotato production cv. Kufri Bahar.” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2009-10. The experiment comprising of three seed size (25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75-100 g), three plant spacing (60x10, 60x15 and 60x20 cm) and two nitrogen level (100 and 125 N kg/ha) was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping net plot size 3.6x3.0 m. Ten competitive plants were selected randomly from each experimental treatment to record data on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different seed size, plant spacing and nitrogen levels. The per cent plant emergence, plant height, leaves/stem, leaf area index, number of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g and >50-75 g grade, total numberof tuber, weight of tuber >25-50 g and >50-75 g grade were statistically higher with seed size >75-100 g tubers. However, the value for number of stems per hill, leaves weight per hill, stem weightand weight of foliage, number of tubers per plot >75 g grade, weight of tubers up to 25 and >75 g and total tuber yield was maximum with >50-75 g seed size tubers. Different plant spacing exhibited significant difference for growth and yield parameters. The maximum value for plant height, stem/hill, leaves/stem, leaf area index , leaves weight, stem weight, weight of foliage, number of tubers >50-75 g and >75 g grade, total number of tubers, weight of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g >50-75 g, >75 g grade and total tuber yield were maximum with 60x20 cm plant spacing. However, per cent plant emergencewas found maximum with plant spacing 60x15 cm and number of tubers up to 25 g and >25-50 g grade tubers per plot were found maximum with plant closest spacing of 60x10 cm. Effect of nitrogen level showed remarkable variation for growth and yield parameters except per cent plant emergence. Significantly highest value was registered for plant height, stem/hill, leaves/stem, leaf area index, leaves weight, stem weight, weight of foliage, numberof tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g, >50-75 g and >75 g, total number of tubers, weight of tubers up to 25 g, >25-50 g >50-75 g and >75 g grade, total tuber yield with nitrogen 125 kg/ha. However, plant emergence found maximum with nitrogen 100 kg /ha. Kufri Bahar produced highest total tuber yield 437.14 q/ha when >50-75 g seed size tubers were planted at a spacing 60x20 cm and nitrogen level 125 kg/ha which was followed by seed size >75-100 g, plant spacing 60x15 cm and nitrogen level 100 kg/ha.ThesisItem Open Access Prospects of Citrus sinensis cultivation in Haryana state(CCSHAU, 2015) Pawan Kumar; Shehrawat, P. S.The study was conducted in Bhiwani district of Haryana state during 2014-2015. Three blocks Dadri, Badhra and Loharu were selected purposively. A total number of 120 respondents constituted the sample of the study. The information about respondents’ sociopersonnel traits, Knowledge level, Adoption level, Constraints and prospects regarding Citrus sinensis (Masumbi) cultivation were collected with the help of structured interview schedule. The study revealed that knowledge level of Masumbi growers regarding time of planting, irrigation, recommended cultivars and manure and fertilizer were high. The study indicates that 42.50 per cent of respondents had medium level of knowledge and 22.50 per cent of respondents possessed high knowledge level. Regarding adoption level of time of planting, recommended cultivars and fruit drop were highly adopted practices by the farmers whereas, they had least adopted or not adopted practices like Insect-pest/disease and their control and packaging. The study indicates that about 69.17 per cent of the farmers had low to medium level of adoption of masumbi cultivation practices. Regarding constraints faced by farmers included high price of insecticides/pesticides and fungicides, absence or scarcity of agroprocessing units, aberrant climatic condition and unawareness about proper and balanced fertilizer application and time of application, lack of guidance of post-harvest technology. Pertaining to prospects perception of farmers about masumbi cultivation practices in Haryana, majority of farmers agreed that better market facilities, purchasing power of people is increasing and better fruit quality. The prospects of masumbi cultivation practices was medium to high since 77.5 per cent respondents belonged medium to high category. The state govt. /centre govt. /horticulture department should look into the problems faced by farmers in adoption of masumbi cultivation practices. So why, constraints can be minimized by providing special trainings and technical knowledge to the farmers on various aspects of masumbi cultivation. Major
