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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of sugarcane cultivation in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2019) Nisha; Malik, D.P.The present study was carried out with the objectives to analyze the trend in area, production and productivity of sugarcane in India vis-a-vis Haryana, to work out costs and returns, to study resource use efficiency and to identify various factors influencing sugarcane acreage in Haryana. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. The time-series data related to area, production and productivity of sugarcane in India as well as Haryana for the period 1971-2018 was gathered and the growth rate and trends by using linear trend equation were computed. Yamunanagar and Rohtak districts were consciously selected based on the highest area under sugarcane from eastern and western zones, respectively. One block having maximum area under sugarcane namely Radaur from Yamunanagar and Rohtak from Rohtak was selected purposively. Further three villages of each selected block were selected randomly. From each village, 20 farmers were selected randomly and finally, 120 farmers of six villages was interviewed to excerpt all desired information. Cobb-douglas production function was fitted work out the extent of efficacy of resource use. The outcomes of study revealed an increasing trend in the area, production and productivity of sugarcane at the national level with CAGRs values of 1.52, 0.84 and 2.37 per cent , respectively. Whereas, in Haryana, the trend in area indicated decreasing trend ( -0.79%) over the study period while production and productivity illustrated increasing trend with CAGRs values of 0.74 and 1.55 per cent, respectively. The per hectare cost of cultivation in planted and ratoon sugarcane in Yamunanagar was found to be Rs. 244517 and Rs. 187217, respectively. While in Rohtak district, it was computed as Rs. 210832 and Rs. 146995, respectively. In Yamunanagar, the per hectare yield, gross returns and net returns attained from the planted sugarcane were 986 quintals, Rs. 337120 and Rs. 92604, respectively. The corresponding figures for ratoon sugarcane were worked out to be 950 quintals, Rs. 322730 and Rs. 135513 respectively. Whereas, in Rohtak, the per hectare yield gross returns and net returns attained from the planted sugarcane were worked out to be 798 quintals, Rs. 274554 and Rs. 63727, respectively. The corresponding values for ratoon sugarcane were worked out to be 702 quintals, Rs. 241410 and Rs. 94415, respectively. The B:C ratio for planted and ratoon conditions was worked out to be 1.38 and 1.72, respectively for Yamunanagar & 1.30 and 1.64 respectively for Rohtak. In planted conditions of Yamunanagar, expenditure on machine labour and seed, whereas, in planted conditions of Rohtak, expenditure on human labour, seed, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were found positive and statistically significant specifying inefficiency of these inputs. In ratoon conditions of Yamunanagar, expenditure on human labour, plant protection chemicals and irrigation were found to be positive and statistically significant indicating that inputs were not used efficiently whereas, in ratoon conditions of Rohtak, the inputs under-utilized were human labour, plant protection chemicals and fertilizers. Requirement of number of irrigations, labour scarcity for manual hoeing/ inter-cultural operations, non-availability of machines for harvesting of sugarcane, payment by sugar mills in installments, small size of operational land holding, the returns from sugarcane once a year etc. are some of the major constraints impelling sugarcane acreage.ThesisItem Open Access Seed quality assessment in naturally aged seed of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench](CCSHAU, 2019) Nisha; Jakhar, S.S.Two sorghum variety produced during kharif seasons were evaluated for their performance for different viability and vigour parameters viz. test weight, seed density, standard germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour Index-I, vigour Index-II, tetrazolium test, electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity test, seed mycoflora, speed of emergence index, mean emergence time and seedling establishment (%). Significant amount of variation was observed in both of the varieties and all the seed lots for all characters. In natural aged seed lots, only HJ541 variety of sorghum sustained their germination up to one year showed that sorghum seed can be stored at ambient condition up to one year without loosening its viability and after that the germination falls below standard. HJ541 was found superior variety based on majority of the viability and vigour parameters results whereas HC136 was found inferior. During natural ageing, standard germination, seed density, test weight, seedling length, vigour indices, viability, speed of emergence index and seedling establishment decreased significantly and progressively with the ageing period. The activity of DHA decrease significantly with storage period in both the varieties. Electrical conductivity was found significantly & negatively correlated with standard germination, indicating that the more the EC value lower will be the germination in laboratory as well as in the field and vice- versa. Priming of the seeds with various treatments was found effective to improve the seed quality in fresh as well as marginal seed lot i.e. one year seed lot. GA3 (50ppm for 6 hrs.) was found better priming treatment for enhancing the quality followed by hydration- dehydration (6hrs.) + 0.25% thiram treatments. All the priming treatments showed maximum effect on HJ541 followed by HC136. Therefore, from present investigation it is concluded that the standard germination, vigour indices and EC could be used as reliable predictors of seed quality because of easy, quick and accurate in their execution. Various seed priming treatments can be used for enhancing seed quality of marginal seed lot.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Substituted Pyrazoles and Their Complexes with Transition Metal Ions(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2001) Nisha; Dhindsa, Kuldip SinghThesisItem Open Access Dietary pattern and nutritional status of working and non-working women in Hisar city(I.C College Of Home Science Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1998) Nisha; RajbalaThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and antifungal activity of substituted pyrazoles and their complexes with transition metal ions(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1996) Nisha; Dhindsa, Kuldip SInghThesisItem Open Access Impact assessment of food processing trainings on scheduled caste women(CCSHAU, 2017) Nisha; Seema RaniThe study was conducted to assess the impact of food processing training on scheduled caste women. A total of 155 scheduled caste women respondents of seven villages of 3 blocks i.e. Hisar-I, Hisar–II and Hansi of Hisar District of Haryana state were imparted training on food processing. Out of these 104 respondents were selected for the present study. Various socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constitute the independent variables for the study and knowledge, attitude, skill acquisition and adoption constitute the dependent variables for the study. Most of the respondent (52.88%) were of lower middle age group , educated up to matriculation (45.19%), married (80.78%) having medium family education status and belong to nuclear families. Majority of them were laborers with monthly income between rupees. 40,000-60,000 and had medium level of material possession. The psychological profile revealed medium level of change proneness, risk orientation and high entrepreneurial motivation. Maximum training effectiveness score was recorded for pickling of seasonal vegetables (WMS 2.43) followed by fruit and vegetable preservation (WMS2.26), processing of milk and milk products (WMS 2.40) and baking (WMS 2.20). Most of the respondents succeeded in acquiring knowledge of all the training on food processing. Respondents were highly satisfied with the green chilli pickle in fruit and vegetable preservation training, pickling of seasonal vegetables training, production & preservation of paneer in milk and milk products training and making of chocolate cake in baking training. Respondents were highly satisfied about quality of trainer and subject matter for all the trainings. Sufficient knowledge was recorded for all components of food processing and knowledge level of trainees was found high. Skill acquisition of respondents was of medium level for all the trainings. Overall impact of trainings was of medium level. Economic constraints were perceived as major constraint followed by personal, market and technical constraints for all the trainings. Attitude of respondents was found favourable towards all selected trainings. The training component had significant association with knowledge, attitude and skills.ThesisItem Open Access Isolation and characterization of yeast for glucoamylase production(CCSHAU, 2007) Nisha; Kundu, B.S.Glucoamylase is the major enzyme required for complete hydrolysis of starch to glucose, which can be used as carbon source in fermentation for ethanol production. It also has large application in food industries and distilleries. The demand for glucoamylase has increased many folds due to utilization of non-conventional substrates (starchy raw material) for industrial ethanol production. The screening of organism that produce large amount of enzyme has been a major area to improve the efficiency of starch processing. Nineteen starch assimilating yeasts were isolated from various sources (ripened fruits, spoiled vegetables, bakery samples, soil, unfermented wort and honey etc). Screening of glucoamylase producing yeast was done by starch plate iodine test and estimating glucoamylase activity. NY-19 and NY-3 isolated from unfermented wort and banana produced 9.2 and 9.6 IU/ml glucoamylase and were finally selected along with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera MTCC-3816 (reference strain). The reaction of 400 ml of cultural filtrate with 1% starch substrate at pH of 4.8 and 30oC temperature for one minute was found optimum for enzyme assay. At optima temperature (30oC), pH (5.0) glucoamylase production by NY-19, NY-3 and MTCC-3816 were 14.40, 13.00 and 15.97 IU/ml, respectively after 48 h of incubation under shake condition. Starch (3%), yeast extract (1%) and peptone (2%) were best carbon and nitrogen source respectively. However MTCC-3816 gave higher activity at 2% starch. The glucoamylase produced from NY-19 was partially purified to 10 fold with specific activity of 43.33 IU/mg of protein using (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. The partially purified enzyme has optimum temperature of 500C and pH 4.8 and was thermostable up to 400C for 8 h. 87% saccharification of rice flour slurry (30%) attained under optimum conditions of temperature (500C) and pH (4.5) in 2 h using Palkozyme HT Plus (liquefying enzyme) and glucoamylase preparation form NY-19. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics isolate NY-19 was identified as Endomycopsis sp.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of salinity on morphophysiological characteristics of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.(CCSHAU, 2015) Nisha; Varshney, U.K.The objectives of present investigation were to observe the effect of chloride-dominated salinity on morpho-physiological characteristics of Dalbergia sissoo saplings and to study the protein profile by SDS-PAGE in control versus saline treated leaf. Two experiments were conducted in the screen house on one year old Dalbergia sissoo saplings subjected to nutrient supplemented chloride dominated salinity treatments at 4 EC level viz., 0 (control), 4, 8, and 12dSm-1. The first experiment was conducted with an objective to study the effect of chloride-dominated salinity on some morphophysiological characteristics of Dalbergia sissoo saplings. The study revealed the deleterious effects of salinity on plant height, stem, leaf and root dry mass, root length and root volume. All these parameters suffered a significant reduction with progressive increase of EC level in the growth medium. Chlorophyll content, starch and total leaf protein, RWC significantly reduced while accumulation of total soluble solids, total soluble sugar and proline in leaves was noticed with the rise of salinity in the growth medium. Membrane injury index of leaves drastically increased at 8 and 12dSm-1 EC levels as compared to the control due to membrane injury caused by toxic level of ions. Significant accumulation Na+, Cl- and SO4 2- and decline of K+ contents in leaves was quiet evident. In the second experiment protein profile by SDS-PAGE in control vs. saline treated plant leaves at the termination of experiment was studied. The study showed variation in the protein profile of leaves at different EC levels. Under 4dSm-1 EC level of salinity 3 new protein bands of molecular weight 12.5, 24.0 and 47.8 kDa were synthesized de novo and one protein band of 23.7 kDa was disappeared while under 8dSm-1 EC level, two new protein bands of molecular weight 16.3 and 17.0 kDa were de novo synthesis and one protein band 18.4 was disappeared. At 12dSm-1 EC level of salinity 2 new protein bands 21.2 and 28.1 kDa molecular weight were synthesized de novo while one protein band of molecular weight 28.6 disappeared. Salinity in general was found deleterious to Dalbergia sissoo saplings as there was a retarding effect on almost all the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters studied. The saplings although survived at the highest level of salinity studied (12dSm-1) by osmotic adjustment and synthesis of salt induced proteins but an overall diminished growth indicated the salt sensitivity of the tree species.