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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Impact of biochar and organic manures on soil properties and wheat yield(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Deepak Kumar; Chaudhary, KautilyaA field experiment entitled “Impact of biochar and organic manures on soil properties and wheat yield” was carried at research farm, Department of Soil Science, CCSHAU, Hisar Haryana. The location of experimental site was 29o16’N latitude and 75o7’E longitude in the North-West part of India. The objective of this study to evaluate the impact of biochar and organic manures in enhancing the yield of wheat and soil properties. The experiment was designed with seven treatments comprising of control + RDF, 10 t/ha FYM + RDF, 5 t/ha vermicompost + RDF, 2.5 t/ha biochar + RDF, 5 t/ha biochar + RDF, 10 t/ha biochar + RDF and absolute control with three replications in a randomized block design by keeping net plot size 2.0 m x 2.0 m and row spacing of 20 cm. The observations were noted for fifteen parameters pertaining to the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soil including yield attributes of wheat crop. The result showed that physical properties like moisture at -33 kPa and -1500 kPa (0-15cm) (4.5 cm h-1) and soil moisture at different intervals of times (14.45 and 8.54 %) was found maximum in treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF, while bulk density (1.38 mg m-3) was noted minimum in same treatment. In case of chemical properties of soil treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF reported maximum electrical conductivity (0.44 dSm-1), available NPK (126.50, 20.6, 380.4 kg ha-1), available micronutrients {Zn (1.91 mg kg-1), Cu (1.55 mg kg-1), Fe (10.75 mg kg-1) and Mn (3.80 mg kg-1)}, However maximum organic carbon recorded in treatment consisting 10 t/ha FYM + RDF and microbiological properties like microbial count (CFU/g soil) of bacteria 32.18 x 106 and actinomycetes (27.82 x 105), soil microbial activity of Dehydrogenase 119 ug TPF g-1 24 h-1, Urease (69.48 ug N g-1 soil h-1) and Alkaline phosphatase (208.95 ug PNP released g-1 soil h- 1) and microbial biomass carbon (808.77 mg kg-1) was found maximum in treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF, while minimum values were recorded in absolute control. The data recorded on yield attributes such as grain yield (5300 kg ha-1), straw yield (10675 kg ha-1), test weight (42.8 g) and harvest index (33.18 %) were found maximum in treatment 10 t/ha biochar + RDF. In economic analysis treatment 5 t/ha biochar + RDF was found practically more feasible with a net return (27825 Rs/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.36).ThesisItem Open Access Biology, population dynamics and management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on maize(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Deepak Kumar; Maha SinghThe present investigation entitled, “Biology, population dynamics and management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on maize” was carried out at Research Farm and laboratories, Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and Research Farm CCS Haryana Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal during Kharif, 2020. The biology of S. frugiperda was observed at four different temperatures viz., at room temperature, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. The average fecundity of S. frugiperda was 1110.6, 714.8, 1303.9 and 1013.1 eggs/female at room temperature, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. Egg hatchability was observed as 93.3, 74.9, 83.5 and 92.5 per cent whereas incubation period as 2.68, 6.08, 3.24, 2.80 days at room temperature, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. Average larval period was 15.44, 32.97, 19.96 and 15.09 days whereas larval survival as 85.6, 58.8, 62.4 and 84.3 per cent at room temperature, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. Pupal period was noticed as 7.78, 25.63, 9.28 and 7.42 days whereas the adult emergence as 64.2, 52.0, 63.0 and 68.5 per cent at room temperature, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. Total life cycle of females was observed as 35.13, 79.33, 45.19 and 34.73 days while those of males as 33.24, 77.05, 42.71 and 32.46 days at room temperature, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. Studied on population dynamics of S. frugiperda revealed that larval population prevailed from 28th SMW to 40th SMW. Its peak was observed during the 33th SMW with a mean population of 4.93 larvae per plant. The average plant infestation was observed from 28th SMW to 40th SMW (second week of July to first week of October) with a maximum of 79.1 per cent during 40th SMW. Larval population had a significant positive correlation with evening relative humidity (r = 0.652) and significant negative correlation with sun shine hours (r = -0.634) whereas per cent plant infestation indicated a non-significant correlation with all the weather entities. During the study period, three hymenopteran larval parasitoids (Chelonus sp., Cotesia sp., Campoletis sp) were also observed. Studies on screening of maize genotypes against S. frugiperda indicated that amongst the 55 maize genotypes, HM 10 recorded lowest leaf injury (4.45 score), while HKI 1348-6-2 recorded highest leaf injury (8.85 score). Five genotypes (HKI 1105, HKI 139, HKI 193-2, HKI 1011 and HM 10) were categorized as partially resistant (leaf injury score: 4.0 to 5.99), 20 genotypes as susceptible (leaf injury score: 6.0 to 7.99) and 30 genotypes as highly susceptible (leaf injury score: 8.0 to 9.00). Studies on effect of date of sowing on incidence of S. frugiperda indicated that plant infestation and larval population was observed minimum when crop was sown during last week of June while infestation and larval population gradually increased as date of sowing is delayed.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on weed management practices in Gladiolus(CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Chahal, DevenderThe present investigation entitled “Studies on weed management practices in Gladiolus” was conducted during 2018-19 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 17 treatments laid out in simple randomized block design with three replications i.e. nine herbicidal treatments with pre and post-emergence application, five mulch treatments either alone or in combinations with herbicide, one hand hoeing, one weed free and one weedy check. Polypogon monspeliensis, Phalaris minor, Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon among monocots and Chenopodium murale, Convolvulus arvensis, Fumaria parviflora and Coronopus didymus in dicots were found dominant weeds in experimental field. Among the application of herbicides or mulch materials either alone or in combinations, T13 (black polyethylene mulch) was observed very effective in controlling weeds followed by T12 (pendimethalin 1000 g fb HW + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha), T14 (mulching of straw fb HW hand weeding) and T6 (pendimethalin 1500 g/ha + straw mulch). In crop parameters, however T16 (weed free) was observed better in vegetative and floral characteristics but T13 was also observed at par with T16 viz. early sprouting of corms, plant height excluding spike (52.60 cm), plant height including spike (102.87 cm), average leaf area/sprout (547.74 cm2), flower parameters viz. days taken for spike emergence (65.67 days), days taken for colour breaking in basal floret (73.67 days), days to opening basal floret (76.20 days), duration of flowering (25.47 days), length of spike (74.00 cm),rachis length (53.67 cm), number of florets/spike (17.67), diameter of floret (9.53 cm), g/ha) number of marketable spikes (17.67). Regarding corm and cormel production, T14 was observed better with diameter of corm (6.12 cm), weight of corm (52.27 g), number of cormels/plant (19.07), weight of cormel/plant (5.22 g), number of marketable daughter corms (20.00) followed by T15 (hand hoeing) and T13. Amongst the herbicidal treatments, T12 was observed comparatively more efficient in controlling weeds and resulted in better vegetative and reproductive parameters. Interestingly, the herbicidal applications of oxyflurofen and metsulfuron-methyl (T2 &T8) caused phytotoxicity to the crop plants and the symptoms of phytotoxocity were observed at all the dates of observation. Among various weed management practices tested in this investigation, the application mulch material (either paddy straw or black polyethylene sheet) was observed best with the aspect of weed control as well as flower & corm production in gladiolus.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of growing seasons on the development and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)(CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Verma, K.K.Investigation were carried out to study the effect of different growing seasons on the development and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under screen house conditions. In development and life cycle experiments, the penetration of M. javanica was observed at initial 24 hrs of inoculation in summer and monsoon season as compared to three days of spring season. The total life cycle of M. javanica was completed in 35 days during spring season at mean temperature range between 15.4 to 33.20C and mean relative humidity 34.0 to 69.7 per cent. During summer season, it was completed in 27 days with mean temperature range of 25 to 410C and relative humidity of 39 to 67 per cent. whereas during monsoon season, M. javanica took 31 days to complete its one generation in okra crop under mean temperature range of 26 to 330C and relative humidity of 73 to 90 per cent. The experiments of pathogenicity were also carried out to study the effect of different growing seasons on the plant growth parameters as well as nematode reproduction and multiplication. With increase in inoculum levels from 10 to 10000 J2/kg soil, there was significant reduction in all growth parameters. But the inoculum level of 1000 J2/kg soil was observed pathogenic during spring and summer season while, during monsoon season, 100 J2/kg soil was found pathogenic level to okra crop. The nematode reproduction and multiplication factors was observed in increasing trend with increase in inoculum levels of nematode under all the three seasons. The reproduction factor was observed negatively correlated with increasing inoculum level of nematodes. At 10000 J2/kg soil, minimum reproduction factor was observed. The prevailing temperature during all seasons and soil moisture during monsoon season due to higher rainfall were crucial factors for development, reproduction and multiplication.ThesisItem Open Access Combining ability and molecular diversity analysis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Panwar, I.S.The present study was carried out to draw out information on the nature of gene effects for yield and its components, genetic variability and assesment of genotypic variability among the parents using SSRs markers in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The experimental material comprised nine genotypes viz. HD2967, HD3086, HD3059, Raj3765, WH711, WH283, WH1184, WH1105 and WH1124. A diallel set of 9 x 9 was prepared by crossing these genotypes in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. Parents and their F1 generations were planted during rabi, 2017-18 in RBD (randomized block design) with three replications. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants in parents and F1s for thirteen traits. Combining ability analysis was performed by utilizeing method 2, Model-I of Griffing (1956) which indicated that the mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant for all the thirteen traits. The magnitude of GCA component (gi2) was higher than SCA component (sij2) for plant height and peduncle length, indicating that these traits were mainly under the control of additive genetic variance. An overall appraisal of GCA effects revealed that HD3059and HD 2967 were good combiners for the most of traits. High GCA effects are related to additive gene effects or additive x additive interaction effect which represent the fixable genetic component of variation. For grain yield the crosses, HD2967 × Raj3765, HD2967 × WH711, HD2967 × WH1184, HD3086 × Raj3765, HD3086 × WH711were identified as promising on the basis of their high per se performance, average heterosis and heterobeltiosis and with high significant SCA effects. A total of 56 alleles were detected in and number of alleles per locus ranged from 1-4 with an average of 2 alleles per locus. NTSYS-pc based two dimensional PCA analysis showed scattering of the parents. Similarity coefficient among all the nine genotypes ranged from 0.62 to 0.85. Similarity coefficient revealed WH711 and HD3059 were the most diverse parents among the nine with low similarity index 0.62. WH1124 and WH1184 were showing highest similarity among the nine and highest similarity index 0.85. The findings of genetic similarity coefficient analysis illustrated that wide genetic diversity was present among parental genotypes which was used for making crosses.
