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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Theme based designing for home furnishings(CCSHAU, 2014) Ruhil, Anita; Yadav, NirmalThe present study was conducted on Theme based designing for home furnishings in the department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C college of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and two cities of Haryana state that is Hisar and Gurgaon were purposively selected. To study the preferences for home furnishings, theme based design line and to get opinion regarding developed products, 100 consumers, 50 experts and 50 consumers as well as 30 experts and 60 consumers were selected to meet out the objectives of the study. Hundred per cent consumers used curtains, cushion covers, pillow covers, bed sheet and towel as home furnishing products. Study revealed that festival, marriage and renovation was the most preferred time for purchasing, friends and relatives home was most informative source regarding product selection, current trend cost and design parameters influenced the purchase of home furnishings as well as retailers followed by shopping malls were most preferred shopping resource by majority of the respondents who also look out for branded product quality. Regarding theme based home furnishings majority of the respondents had no idea. The preferred area for theme based home furnishings were drawing cum lounge area followed by lounge area and drawing room because family members generally relax, socialize in this area and use it for leisure and informal entertainment. Ten theme based design line were created for home furnishings by using different designing software’s in 2D and 3D rendering in virtual design drawing cum lounge area. Themes include Black & white (accented neutral color scheme), contemporary with polka dots, Floral, Natural botanical, Ocean, Silhouette, Sunrise, Traditional, Tribal and Zodiac. On the basis of visualization and to get the desired effect of the theme, different designing techniques like printing, painting, embroidery stitches, embellishment materials and constructional features, were worked out with the experts. Study revealed, the most preferred themes according to consumers and experts were Black & white (accented neutral color scheme) and Floral, which were found eye catching, suitable to home furnishings, have market potential as well as create ambience. The required set of selected home furnishing articles included door curtains (4 pieces), window curtains (3 pieces), window net curtains (2 pieces), cushion covers (10 pieces), carpet, partition curtains (2 pieces), partition net curtains (2 pieces), diwan sheet (1 piece), and bolster covers (2 pieces) . Total 26 numbers of samples were prepared from technical persons. The total cost of whole set of products was calculated which included cost of the fabrics used, dyes, stitching charges, embellishment materials used and screen printing charges. Rs. 5275 for Black and white (accented neutral color scheme) theme Rs. 5720 for floral theme was found appropriate cost by the respondents. Design catalogue was prepared. Fabrics used to prepare samples were found highly suitable. Designing techniques used were found to be as per the design line. Symbolic acceptability of the respondents regarding developed theme based products on various parameters was found acceptable. Appeal of the Black and white theme was perceived attractive and floral theme was perceived eye catchy by most of the respondents. Thus study revealed that theme based home furnishing products is one of the emerging field with huge market potential in the textile industry as most of the consumers were ready to buy the whole set of developed products.ThesisItem Open Access Educational package on protective clothing for farm workers(CCSHAU, 2013) Punam Rani; Purthi, NeelamFor dissemination of information regarding protective clothing amongst farm workers it was planned to develop educational package. To achieve the principal objectives of the study, it was conducted in three phases. During experimental phase refinement of existing protective clothing for pesticides applicators and wheat threshing was done. To assess their suitability and acceptability, modified protective clothing/accessories were given to selected respondents for a period of one month for trials. Necessary changes were made as per requirement. Based on suitability and acceptability, recommended protective clothing/accessories were: Jacket with hood of water resistant fabric having lining of cotton hosiery fabric, chemical resistant mask and nitrile gloves for pesticides applicators. Apron with hood, beak mask, pleated mask and gloves/mittens for males, hood masks, scarf mask, apron and gloves/mittens for females engaged in wheat threshing. Shoes and plain glasses were recommended for both the activities. An educational package on protective clothing was prepared and its effectiveness was assessed in second phase. The educational package was prepared in Hindi for ease of understanding by the target group. Three pamphlets, two video films and two interactive CDs were developed in which occupational health hazards and preventive measures by using appropriate protective clothing were described with illustrations. Effectiveness of developed educational package was assessed by the experts and target groups. All the parameters of pamphlets entitled i.e. Keetnashak Sambandhit Karya Karne Vale Purshon Ke Liye Surkshatmak Vastar , Threshing Karne Vale Purshon Ke Liye Surakshatmak Vastra and Threshing Karne Vali Mahilaon Ke Liye Surakshatmak Vastra , were assessed to be highly appropriate axcept title and content presentation of pamphlets developed for females for threshing activity which was found to be appropriate by the judges. Video film and interactive CD for each activity i.e. Keetnashak Sambandhit Karya Karne Vale Purshon Ke Liye Surkshatmak Vastar and Threshing karne Vale Kisano Ke Liye Surakshatmak Vastra was found to be highly appropriate with reference to audio quality and visual quality, content, presentation of message, text and compatibility of message. To assess the effectiveness of developed media on target group, 240 farm workers were selected from four districts. Farm workers gained knowledge after exposure to pamphlets and video film. The higher impact was observed in terms of gain in knowledge, symbolic adoption and opinion of respondents after exposure to both the medias i.e. pamphlets and video film followed by only video and only pamphlets. Thus it was concluded that the prepared educational packages were effective in disseminating knowledge for adoption of protective clothing by the target group.ThesisItem Open Access Application of Herbal Extracts on Covering Fabric of Sanitary Napkins for Bacterial Resistance(CCSHAU, 2014) Sood, Anjali; Khambra, KrishnaThe present research was carried out to prepare antibacterial herbal extracts for application on the covering fabric of sanitary napkins. To achieve the objectives proposed in research plan, antibacterial efficacy of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of 17 plants were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. by Disc Diffusion Method. Aqueous extracts of three plants viz. Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus roxburghii and Woodfordia fructicosa were selected for application on the three selected fabrics on the basis of maximum zone of inhibition exhibited against the test bacteria. Repeated maceration (triple percolation) of the plant material resulted in higher yield of the herbal extracts. The conditions for applying the herbal extracts on the fabrics were optimized on the basis of the bacterial resistance efficacy of the variables tested by AATCC Test Method 100. The 9 percent concentration of herbal extracts exhibited the lowest bacterial count of test bacteria. The MLR 1:15 to 1:20 showed in highest bacterial resistance, 5 and 6 percent concentration of citric acid resulted in lower bacterial load and lowest bacterial count was observed at 30 minutes of treatment time on all the fabrics treated with all the three herbal extracts. The treated fabrics were dried and cured at optimum temperature for optimum duration for obtaining high bacterial resistance. All the treated fabrics exhibited 99.96 to 99.99 percent reduction in the bacterial count of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. after the application of herbal extracts of Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus roxburghii and Woodfordia fructicosa under standardized conditions. Highest antibacterial efficacy on the herbal treated fabrics was observed with Pinus roxburghii extract on all the fabrics. The herbal treated fabrics were tested for physical and performance properties and it was observed that the fabric count (woven), fabric weight, thickness and bending length of treated fabrics increased after application of all the three extracts whereas the bulk, air permeability and wettability of the treated fabrics decreased after application of the herbal extracts. The treated fabrics were tested for skin allergies by administering test patches of 1x1inch size on the back of 30 volunteers for 48 hours. No allergic reaction was observed at the test sites on the back of the respondents immediately on removal of the test patches and even after 48 hours of the removal of the patches. The treated fabrics were stored in the standard packing material for a period of six months and no considerable change in the bacterial resistance property and air permeability was observed in the herbal treated stored fabrics was observed when compared with the properties of the treated fabrics before storage. The herbal treated fabrics also did not cause any allergy to the respondents on whom the patch test for skin allergies was administered after a storage period of six months. The cost of the herbal treated fabric was found to be less than one rupee per covering fabric of sanitary napkin made from cotton, polyester or polypropylene fabric. The cost of treating polypropylene fabric was lowest as compared to other fabrics and treating with extract of Eucalyptus citriodora was lowest than other two herbal extracts. It was concluded that aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus roxburghii and Woodfordia fructicosa leaves are safe and economical to provide antibacterial protection on cotton, polyester and polypropylene covering fabrics of sanitary napkins.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of media on fashion adoption behavior among college girls(CCSHAU, 2012) Madan, Priyanka; Yadav, NirmalThe present study was conducted on Impact of media on fashion adoption behavior among college girls. For carrying out the present investigation, questionnaire was developed and finalized by experts. A total of 120 girl’s (60 each from Hisar and Gurgaon cities of Haryana state) pursuing graduate and post graduate level from different colleges between the age group of 18-26 years were selected randomly. The girls of different cities were of different opinion. Girls from Hisar city were motivated by Hindi movies as source of information for fashion adoption, while for Gurgaon girls was Women’s magazine. Overall influence of media on fashion adoption among college girls were seen by Hindi movies as it got the 1st rank followed by pamphlet, woman magazine, T.V. serials. Advertisements which are on front pages of any magazines/newspaper etc. got the 1st rank followed by inclusion of celebrity prop up the fashion item. College going girls buy the fashion product which offer better quality in low price. Girls buy those fashion dresses which have good colour combination, durability, comfortable features. They purchased the garments when need arises followed by marriage in the family. Fixed price shops were highly preferred followed by super markets. Greater percentage of respondents considered cotton suits, denim jeans, hosiery tops as most preferred fabric/dress materials and feel comfortable, looking cool and attractive. Respondents preferred ready-made garments in casual, formal and party wear followed by tailor-made, self-made/ home-made and boutique –made. Girls were fascinated to take common fashion accessories with their clothing like ear-rings, belly, watches and handbags. Most of them adopted fashion after the adoption of few people. Overall impact of media on fashion adoption behavior was: clothing selection having 1st rank with 76.98%; followed by fashion adoption having 2nd rank with 66.66% and purchasing behavior having 3rd rank with 65.72%. The present investigation will be beneficial for planning marketing strategies. Media has great impact on the buying behavior of students which can help the producers in marketing their fashion products through effective media.ThesisItem Open Access Development of innovative quilt cover designs(CCSHAU, 2012) Nameeta; Rose, Neelam M.The present study was conducted to develop innovative quilt cover designs. To attain the specific objectives, 30 respondents were selected from I.C College of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar for selection of created designs and placements. For assessment of developed quilt covers and to explore existing usage and purchase practices, 30 consumers were purposively selected from I.C. College of Home Sciences and campus of HAU, Hisar. To know the existing practices followed for quilt covers regarding the types of quilt covers available in the market, types of quilt covers used, problems faced by the respondents with the readymade quilt covers, place of purchase, mode of procurement an interview schedule was prepared. Preferences of respondents were sought for fabric, colour of fabric, place, size, side for opening and fasteners, surface decoration techniques, colour of decoration etc. using self- structured preferential choice index. Ten designs for each four top preferred surface decoration technique i.e. appliqué work, patch work, fabric painting and stencil printing were created in CorelDRAW. From the total of forty designs, eight designs two for each preferred technique were selected for placement of designs. Eight selected designs with most preferred placement were used for development of quilt covers. A design catalogue comprising of created designs and their placements was prepared for documentation. Green coloured cotton fabric with light intensity and under side opening alongwith half of length with zipper was preferred for the development of quilt covers. Design 2, 10 for appliqué work, design 4, 7 for patch work, design 2, 7 for fabric painting and design 1, 10 for stencil printing were eight top preferred designs. Preferences of respondents for placements of selected designs were design 2 and 10 of appliqué work in placement I for front and placement III for back side respectively, design 4 and 7 of patchwork in placement II and I for front and placement II for back side respectively, design 2 and 7 of fabric painting in placement II for both front and back side respectively and design 1 and 10 of stencil printing in placement III and I for front side and placement III and I for back side respectively. The consumers have high opinion about the developed quilt covers in relation to surface decoration techniques, designing features, design innovation etc. The cost of the innovative quilt cover rated appropriate by the majority of the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Microencapsulation of essential oil on cotton(CCSHAU, 2012) Bhatt, Latika; Saroj S. Jeet SinghThe study was conducted to standardize the process of microencapsulation and padding, to impart aesthetic and functional finish on cotton fabric. Microencapsulation is a technique to prepare microcapsules, small particles that contain an active agent or core- material surrounded by coating or shell of limited permeability and can be used to impart durable functional and aesthetic finish to textiles using essential oil as core material. Lemongrass oil was selected as the core material and complex coacervation technique was used for encapsulation. Ratios of gum, oil and gelatin, temperature and pH were standardized for the process of microencapsulation. The proportion of ingredients for padding bath i.e. microcapsule gel, binder and softener were also standardized along with MLR, curing time and temperature. Cotton fabric was padded with microcapsule gel using the optimized process and the washing durability and physical properties were tested. It was summarized that 2:1:4 ratio of gum, oil and gelatin , at a temperature of 50 with initial and final pH 4.5 and 9.5 respectively was optimized for microencapsulation process. The proportion of binder, softener and microcapsule gel was optimized at 15:1:50 with MLR 1:20 cured at at 80°C for 60 seconds. The samples retained aroma till 30 wash cycles and as the number of wash cycles increased the intensity of aroma decreased. The fabric count, fabric weight and fabric thickness of treated fabric increased hence flexural rigidity increased. Microencapsulation did not have any adverse effect on tensile strength and elongation.. Bending length of microencapsulated fabric increased but to an acceptable level. Microencapsulated fabrics will not only provide health benefits to the common masses but will also benefit the agriculture sector as it will ensure increased cultivation of aromatic plants and enhanced rate of essential oil extraction. Aroma finish will add value to cotton so the cultivation, production and export of cotton will also boost.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of sericin treatment on dyeability of cotton fabric using natural dye(CCSHAU, 2014) Bhandari, Babita; Saroj S. Jeet SinghThe present research was planned to study the effect of sericin treatment on dyeability of cotton fabric using a natural dye. To achieve the objectives proposed in the research plan, cotton fabric suitable for apparel use during summer season was selected, desized and scoured. Four easily available dyes i.e. Kachnar bark, Manjistha root, Neem leaves and Safflower flowers were tried for the study. Sericin treated fabrics were dyed with all four dyes using their standardized dyeing procedure which were taken from secondary sources. One natural dye was selected on the basis of effect of sericin treatment on maximum percent dye absorption and wash fastness. Different variables i.e. sericin concentration, treatment temperature, treatment time, pH, material to liquor ratio (MLR), treatment stage, combination and concentrations of auxiliaries, drying temperature and time, curing temperature and time were optimized on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and wash fastness for standardizing sericin application process. Sericin treated and untreated dyed fabrics were tested for colourfastness properties. L, a*, b* and K/S values of dyed fabrics were also compared. Effect of sericin treatment on change in physical properties regarding fabric count, thickness, weight, flexural rigidity, tensile strength, elongation, crease recovery, wettabiliy and air permeability were examined. Effect of sericin treatment and dyeing on ultraviolet protection property of cotton fabric was also investigated. Out of tried dyes manjistha was found to have maximum dye absorption after sericin treatment. Different variables i.e. 0.50 % sericin, 4 % crosslinking agent (citric acid), 1% catalyst (sodium hypophosphite), 45 minutes treatment time, 50°C treatment temperature, M:L ratio 1:30, pH 8, drying temperature 70°C, drying time 4 minutes, curing temperature 160°C and curing time 2 minutes were selected for sericin treatment on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and wash fastness. It was found that the dye absorption of the treated fabric increased from 19.5 to 31.7 percent using optimized variables. Sericin treated dyed fabric also exhibited better colourfastness ratings as compared to untreated dyed fabric. Fabric treated with sericin was redder, yellower and brighter indicated by lower L* value and higher a*, b* and C* values. Fabric count, weight and thickness did not show any significant change however tensile strength, bending length, crease recovery and wettability increased by 8.5 3.1, 9.3 and 49.02 percent. Moreover, elongation and air permeability decreased by 8.3 and 10.35 percent upon sericin treatment. Ultraviolet protection factor of sericin treated cotton fabric increased to 22.39 from 14.25 of scoured cotton fabric. Manjistha dyed fabric exhibited very good UPF (32.6) whereas sericin treated dyed fabric offered excellent ultraviolet protection (48.4). Thus sericin treatment can be given to cotton fabric using natural dyes to improve dye uptake without affecting the hue and physical properties of the dyed fabric.ThesisItem Open Access Designing of protective accessories for adolescents(CCSHAU, 2014) Pinki kumari; Punia, ParveenFor protection of adolescent girls from skin allergies, sun burns on the uncovered body parts from harsh conditions present investigation on ‘Designing of protective accessories for adolescents’ was planned. To meet its objectives it was conducted in three phase. In phase-I i.e exploratory phase, ten shops were explored and Adolescent girls were interviewed. Full length gloves covering fingers (GCFf) of cotton hosiery material for summer season were available in majority of the shops. Cap, hat and scarf were available for covering of head; and head, face and neck. About 50% of the adolescents purchased and used full length gloves and majority of them used dupatta for head, face and neck covering in summer season as it was easily available at home without any additional cost. The problems encountered were: ‘less variety’ and ‘opening and slipping of dupatta when it was tied’. On the basis of preferences, identified protective accessories for designing were: full length gloves covering fingers and without covering fingers in cotton hosiery and cotton woven, hat in cotton crochet and cotton woven, cap in denim, capron in cotton woven, scarf mask in cotton woven, triangle mask in cotton woven and pleated mask in cotton woven In experimental phase, six designs were created for each selected article and one top most design i.e. ten protective accessories were developed to assess their suitability and acceptability. In the assessment phase, the development cost of both types of full length gloves without covering fingers made in cotton woven material were found appropriate. On the basis of utility parameters, full length gloves covering fingers (GCFf) made in combination of cotton woven and cotton hosiery, full length gloves covering fingers (GCFf) made in cotton hosiery, full length gloves without covering fingers (GWFf) made in cotton woven, full length gloves without coverings fingers (GWFf) made in cotton hosiery were found highly suitable. Hat in cotton crochet, cap in denim and capron, scarf mask, triagle mask, pleated mask all in cotton woven were assessed to be highly useful. The girls assessed that ‘designing technique and embellishment materials used to develop protective accessories made the articles unique, placement of designs and the color combination of enrichment material was attractive and suited to the developed accessories.ThesisItem Open Access Revival of Phulkari Embroidery for contemporary use(CCSHAU, 2013) Saini, Neelam; Khambra, KrishnaThe study was conducted for Revival of Phulkari EmbroideryDesignsfor contemporary useon kurti. Motifs of Phulkari embroidery were collected from Hisar and Patiala markets and categorized according to their categories i.e. geometrical, floral and animal. Maximum no. of motifs were used for contemporary use were geometrical, floral and animal, but human figure were less used. From collected motifs forty five motifs were selected. These were collected from secondary sources. Out of forty five motifs only fifteen were selected to developstylized designs for kurtis, each were converted into two designs. Then total thirty designs were developed with the help of Coral Draw. Five top ranked designs were selected. Three placements of each designs were developed. Then top five ranked placements of each selected designs was worked in Phulkari embroidery for making kurtis. Finally five kurtiswere developed. The opinion of experts was sought the most favourable about the developed designs, placements, size, shape, colour combination. Fifteen days training on Phulkari embroidery was imparted to the rural women of two villages of Hisar district and knowledge acquisition was studied regarding technique used which was found very effective as there was significant gain in knowledge on various aspects of Phulkari embroidery at 5 per cent and 1 per cent level of significance.