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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Management of stripe rust of wheat incited by Puccinia striiformisf.sp.tritici westend(CCSHAU, 2019) Bilal, Mohammad; Rajender SinghThe present study entitled, ―Management of stripe rust of wheat (Puccini striiformis f.sp.tritici westend‖ was conducted during the 2017-2018 at research farm, Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. In present study, symptoms of stripe rust appeared after 14 days with uredospores of Puccinia. striiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst). Maximum stripe rust severity was recorded in Yamunanagar followed by Ambala and least was observed in Fatehabad. The varieties HD3086, WH1105, WH1124 and WH1142 were free from stripe rust. Two commonly prevalent pathotypes were 46S119 and 110S119. Maximum terminal disease severity was recorded by WH 147 and HD2967 in seedling and tillering stage disease appearance followed by stem elongation and least disease severity was observed on milk development. Maximum yield loss was obtained by WH 147 and HD2967. WH1105. WH1124, WH 1142, WH 1237, WH 1238, WH 1241, WH 1242, WH 1244, WH 1247, WH 1248, WH 1239, WH 1246, WH 1250, WH 1251 genotypes were found resistant. Minimum disease severity observed on application of Nativo75 WG (trifloxystrobin25%WG+ tebuconazole50%), @ 300 gm/ha and Tilt 25EC (propiconazole25EC) 500ml/ha on appearance of disease at stem elongation stage and maximum yield gain was obtained. There was no residual toxicity of propiconazole25%EC (Tilt25%EC) sprayed @ 0.1% on tillering and stem elongation stage.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on epidemiology and management of yellow vein mosaic virus disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)(CCSHAU, 2019) Pankaj; Vinod KumarThe present study entitled, “Studies on epidemiology and management of yellow vein mosaic virus disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)” was conducted during the kharif 2018 at research farm, Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Okra yellow vein mosaic virus disease is a devastating viral disease which has a wide occurrence and causes considerable yield losses quantitatively and qualitatively. The viral disease can appear at all stages of crop growth depending upon favorable conditions. Environmental factors play important role in sustaining whitefly population and disease development. It was observed that whitefly population builds up started in month of July and reached to maximum in first week of October. The whitefly population and percent disease index (PDI) was observed maximum in first week of October due to prevailing favourable weather conditions, i.e. maximum temperature 34±2 °C minimum temperature 23±2 °C, morning relative humidity more than 90 per, wind speed about 3 km/h, more sunshine hours and no rainfall. The average whitefly population was maximum on Pusa Sawani (6.54) followed by Pusa A4 (5.27) and Varsha Uphar (3.78). All three cultivars had positive significant correlation with bright sunshine hours while morning relative humidity and maximum temperature was recorded positively non-significant. However, evening relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall was negatively (non-significant) correlated, while minimum temperature was recorded negatively significant with whitefly population. The maximum and minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, wind speed, and total rainfall were negatively correlated with OYVMV disease where morning relative humidity and bright sunshine hours were found positively correlated. The highly significant positive correlation was found between whitefly population and disease severity. The terminal PDI was observed highest in Pusa Sawani (73.00 %) cultivar and lowest in Varsha Uphar (18.75 %). The maximum PDI and disease incidence was observed in 14 July sown crop with wider row to row spacing while minimum in 15 June sown crop with closely spaced. For the management of OYVMV disease chemical, botanicals and resistance inducers were used. Amongst all foliar spray of malathion 50 EC @ 2ml/litre of water + sarpagandha leaf extract @10% was found most effective in managing the disease with PDI (15.55 %). Amongst the resistance inducers seed priming with salicylic acid @ 150 mg/litre and spray the same also found effective against OYVMV with PDI (28.89 %).ThesisItem Open Access Management of banded leaf and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii of maize(CCSHAU, 2019) Yadav, Lokesh; Ashwani KumarThe present study entitled “Management of banded leaf and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii of maize” was conducted during Kharif season of 2018 at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station Uchani, Karnal. All the laboratory work was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiments were laid out in RBD in field and CRD in lab conditions. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crops in the world agricultural economy with high yield potential. The disease banded leaf and sheath blight of maize caused by Rhizoctonia solani f.sp. sasakii is considered as the main limiting factor for reduced production. The characteristic symptoms of disease appears on leaves and sheaths on 40-45 days old plants. Symptoms on leaf sheath were water-soaked, round in shape and straw-coloured whereas, on leaves irregular, water soaked, round to stretched lesions having diameter 1-3 mm were observed. In case of severe infection, the pathogen manifests itself on the cobs and results in no grain formation. It was observed that the growth of pathogen was white to creamy whitish on PDA after 24 hours of inoculation. The sclerotia were round, semi spherical to irregular in shape and were scattered in the Petri plates. To evaluate the efficacy of three different aqueous compost extracts were used under in vitro conditions for the per cent mycelial growth inhibition. It was found that the compost extracts of cow desi inhibited mycelial growth up to 22.22 per cent at 20 per cent concentration. It was revealed that seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2g/kg of seed was found most effective in controlling disease upto 54.25 per cent. Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 0.2% and soil application with P. fluorescens @ 0.2% was most effective in controlling the disease upto 66.89 per cent and highest yield (57.68 q/ha) was also recorded from this treatment. Out of five fungicides evaluated, foliar sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) twice at 30 and 45 DAS was found most effective in reducing the disease upto 73.54 per cent and increasing grain yield upto 77.30 per cent. Out of twenty seven maize hybrids and sixty inbred lines of maize screened against banded leaf and sheath blight under field condition, only seven hybrids and two inbred lines showed resistant reaction against banded leaf and sheath blight disease of maize.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and management of stem gall of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger(CCSHAU, 2019) Vijaykumar S; Kushal RajThe present investigation entitled "Epidemiology and management of stem gall of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger" was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, CCS HAU Hisar laboratories and research farm during year 2018-2019. Typical symptoms in infected plants were observed on all above ground parts of coriander. Symptoms appeared in the form of tumour-like swellings (galls) on stem and fruits. These tumours were smooth initially but later ruptured and turned to be rough. The pathogen Protomyces macrosporus was isolated as pure culture on PDA medium enriched with yeast extract (PDA+YE). The colony colour was creamy white and chlamydopsores were yellowish brown and spherical in shape with three distinct layers & diameter 40-80 μm. The pathogenicity was confirmed as the symptoms developed after 63 and 75 days of incubation with the application of two different source of inoculum. Epidemiology of pathogen was studied under field condition by sowing the crop at five different dates and disease severity on tagged plants and over all incidence was maximum in December 1st week sown crop with average temperature of 28.9°C and 80 per cent of relative humidity. Out of five fungicides evaluated against Protomyces macrosporus, Ridomil MZ and Blitox 50 WP were found most effective and significantly superior among the treatments with 100 per cent growth inhibition of the pathogen at 0.2 per cent concentration under in vitro conditions. Out of five plant extracts evaluated under in vitro conditions against the pathogen, datura extract at 10 per cent was found most effective in mycelial growth inhibition. Among three bioagents evaluated under in vitro conditions against the pathogen, Pseduomanas fluorescens was found most effective to inhibit the growth of pathogen. Seed treatment and foliar spray of Ridomil MZ and Blitox 50 WP at 0.2 per cent was found most effective to manage the disease severity and incidence, resulting in comparative higher yield under field conditions. Amongst 28 genotypes screened against stem gall of coriander, one genotype viz., ICS-4 was found resistant, eleven genotypes as moderately resistant and sixteen genotypes were moderately susceptible.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and management of early blight of tomato incited by Alternaria solani(CCSHAU, 2018) Ravinder; Narender SinghEarly blight disease caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Keeping in view the enormous loss caused by the pathogen, the present investigation was carried out to study the early blight disease progression in relation to weather parameters and its management by using the plant extracts, bio-agents and fungicides under both in vitro and field conditions during Rabi season, 2017-18 at CCS HAU, Hisar. Survey was conducted in eight villages of two districts (Bhiwani and Hisar) in Haryana and minimum per cent disease intensity was recorded in village Saral of Bhiwani district. The epidemiological study revealed that early sown crop was least affected by the early blight disease compared to the timely and late sown crop. The per cent disease intensity increased with the increased age of the plant. . Mancozeb (75% WP) and hexaconazole and zineb (72% WP) were found to be most effective among the fungicides under in vitro condition. Two plants extract (neem leaf extract and combination of garlic clove and green chili extract) and a bio-agent (Trichoderma viride) was also found effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of A. solani among the plant extracts and bioagents, respectively. In field conditions, mancozeb 75% WP was found to be most effective in reducing the early blight disease intensity and increasing the fruits yield of tomato crop.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on some epidemiological and biochemical resistance parameters for powdery mildew disease in Indian mustard caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz. ex. Junell(CCSHAU, 2018) Sunil H. S.; Rathi, A.S.Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum is an important disease of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) particularly in northern and north eastern states of India. Keeping in view the importance of disease present study has been carried out on epidemiology in relation to weather, sources of resistance and biochemical changes due to powdery mildew infection under in field conditions during rabi 2017-18 at CCS HAU, Hisar. Powdery mildew disease first appeared in third week of February on all the three varieties (RH 0749, RH 0406 and RH 9801) sown on 16th October and delayed by a week i.e. in the 1st week of March in all the varieties sown on 26th October and 8th November, when the temperature ranged between 27.3-29.4°C (maximum) and 9.4-13.5°C (minimum), while relative humidity (RH) range was 91.7-94.0 (morning) and 37-49% (evening). Wind speed during this period ranged from 1.1-2.7 km/ha, while sunshine range was 5.4-7.7 hours. Maximum disease progression in last two dates of sowing was observed from March 4th to March 13th, when the temperature ranged between 28.2-28.7°C (maximum) and 10.7-12.3°C (minimum), while RH ranged between 81.0-91.3% (morning) and 35.7-48.3% (evening). Wind speed and sunshine hour during this period was 2.2-2.5 km/hour and 4.9-7.7 hours, respectively. Temperature (maximum and minimum), wind speed and sunshine were positively correlated with per cent disease intensity, while relative humidity (morning and evening) and average vapour pressure (morning and evening) were negatively correlated with the per cent disease intensity and AUDPC increased with delay in time of sowing. The apparent rate of infection was high during initial stages of disease development, while it was negligible from 2nd week of March in all the varieties. Varieties RH 0749 showed less disease intensity followed by RH 0401 and RH 9801. Out of 148 genotypes screened under the artificial inoculation conditions, 5 genotypes (HNS 0901, Bio 902, BioYSR, DRMRIJ 12-48 and JM-6011) were resistant and 21 genotypes were moderately resistant, 55 genotypes were moderately susceptible and 31 genotypes were susceptible, while rest of the genotypes were highly susceptible. Slightly higher amount of chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and total chlorophyll and total sugars was found in healthy leaves of resistant (DRMRIJ 12-48) as compared to susceptible (RH 30) genotype. After infection amount of chlorophyll (a, b and total) and total sugars reduced gradually in both genotypes, but reduction was more in susceptible genotype particularly under inoculated conditions. The amount of phenols (total and OD) and the activities of POX and PPO were increased at higher rate in resistant as compared to susceptible one at the time of disease initiation. At the time of maximum disease intensity i.e. at 120 DAS, the activities of enzymes were more in resistant genotype under inoculated condition in comparison to un-inoculated condition.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on green mould disease (Trichoderma harzianum) of Calocybe indica (PandC)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2015) Kumar, Kundan; Goyal, S. PThesisItem Open Access Investigations on fruit and seed mycoflora of Bottle gourd and its management(CCSHAU, 2018) Soni, Namita; Kushal RajThe prevalence of wide variety of mycoflora is a major limiting factor in deteriorating bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) crop qualitatively as well as quantitatively. In the present study, mycoflora associated with seeds and fruits of bottle gourd was isolated, evaluated and further investigated for impact of each isolate individually on bottle gourd seed germination, seedling vigour indices and germination speed under in vitro conditions. A total of eight genera and fourteen fungal species were isolated with prevalence of Fusarium proliferatum as external as well as internal seed borne mycoflora and Talaromyces pinophilus as external seed borne mycoflora. Amongst different isolates of bottle gourd, Fusarium proliferatum was found to be highly pathogenic due to maximum seed germination inhibition and the lowest seedling vigour index of seeds inoculated with this isolate. Pathogenicity tests conducted under in vivo conditions also confirmed the pathogenic nature of species of Fusarium. The isolates Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium polonicum and Talaromyces pinophilus resulted in increased germination and vigour of bottle gourd. Amongst seven plant protectants evaluated against Fusarium proliferatum, Propioconazole 25% EC, Mancozeb 75% WP and Pseudomonas fluorescens 1 % WP performed better in inhibiting the spore germination. Investigations on efficacy of plant protectants in improving seedling health and minimizing seedling infection due to Fusarium proliferatum revealed that Propioconazole 25% EC, Copper oxychloride 50% WP and Mancozeb 75% WP were effective in reducing per cent frequency of infection while the highest germination percentage of bottle gourd seeds was observed in Trichoderma harzianum 1% WP treatment. The highest germination speed was observed in Carbendazim 50% WP followed by Trichoderma harzianum 1% WP treated seeds. Out of eight germplasm lines screened against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium, GH 34 had the maximum disease intensity of 64.81% while GH 35 was observed to have a minimum disease intensity of 23.33%.ThesisItem Unknown Studies on charcoal rot of sesame caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid(CCSHAU, 2017) Kumar Saurabh; Saharan, Hawa SinghThe charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is the most serious soil and seed borne fungal disease which causes maximum damage in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of M. phaseolina on seed germination and seedling vigour of sesame genotypes and to manage the disease through host resistance, fungicides and bio-agents. The pathogen significantly reduced the per cent germination, plumule and radicle length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings and cumulative reduction in seedling vigour index in all the seven genotypes under both seed and soil inoculation technique. Out of one hundred germplasm lines screened for their relative resistance against charcoal rot disease in field under natural sick plot conditions, none of the lines showed resistance reaction, however, five lines showed moderately resistant reaction, fifty five lines showed moderately susceptible reaction, thirty eight lines showed susceptible reaction, while two germplasm lines showed highly susceptible reaction against charcoal rot disease. Efficacy of fungicides in vitro against M. phaseolina showed that thiram + carboxin and thiram completely inhibited mycelial growth up to 100 per cent at 400 ppm concentration followed by carbendazim, tebuconazole and captan showing respective mycelial growth inhibition of 97.17, 91.84 and 82.32 per cent even at 1000 ppm concentration. However, carboxin was found least effective at lower concentrations but gave comparable result to thiram + carboxin and thiram at 400 ppm concentration. Evaluation of bio-agents against M. phaseolina in vitro revealed that Trichoderma viride showed maximum antifungal activity with 71.17 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth followed by T. harzianum (63.58%), while the bacterial agent P. fluorescens inhibit 37.83 per cent of mycelial growth. Seed treatments with fungicides and soil inoculation with bio-agents significantly reduced the disease incidence. Maximum disease control was achieved by thiram + carboxin @ 2g/kg seed which controlled 77.16 per cent followed by thiram @ 2g/kg seed (69.02%). In case of bio-agents, T. viride showed maximum disease control (54.40%) followed by T. harzianum (40.90%) in comparison to control.