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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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20223
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Subject: Nematology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the effect of various factors on survival and efficacy of Heterorhabditis spp. against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Deepak Kumar; Anil Kumar
    Present investigations were carried out on “Studies on the effect of various factors on survival and efficacy of Heterorhabditis spp. against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee” under laboratory and field conditions in Department of Nematology, CCS HAU, Hisar between years, 2019 to 2022. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) infestations were found in 40 of the 160 soil samples that were collected from eight districts of Haryana during survey. On the basis of corpse colour, 25 of the 40 soil samples tested positive for Steinernema species and eight of those contained Heterorhabditis species. The highest frequency of occurrence of EPNs was found in Panipat (40.9%) followed by Hisar (37.5%) and Sonipat district (36.4%), while Karnal district had the lowest incidence of EPNs i.e. 19 percent. Among the four temperature tested for storage, both of the effective isolates of H. indica (D-2 & D-6) had greater viability at a temperature of 25º C. The highest multiplication of IJs of H. indica D-2 and H. indica D-6 was observed in modified dog biscuit medium followed by modified wout’s medium-III. Survival and activity of EPNs decreased gradually in glycerin and liquid paraffin antidesiccants in 90 days storage. The active IJs obtained from glycerin @ 1 percent storage, showed maximum efficacy against the test insect in both the isolates of H. indica (D-2 & D-6). When H. indica isolates were applied in two spray treatments with a three-day interval, the maximum mortality of Leucinodes orbonalis was seen and this was considerably comparable with spinosad 45 SC @ 72ml per acre was applied as a treatment for the management of insect pests of brinjal in field conditions. So, the native isolates of H. indica (D-2 & D-6) proved virulent and effective against brinjal shoot & fruit borer in field conditions. Hence, it was concluded from the study that H. indica isolates are environmentally safe alternate to chemical pesticides in brinjal.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on development and bioefficacy of chitosan based nano formulation (s) against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Sharma, Lochan; Banakar, Prakash
    Present study was conducted to investigate the synthesis, characterization and bioefficacy of chitosan based nanoformulation (s) against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation method and characterized by DLS, FTIR, FESEM and TEM. The DLS results confirmed the size, stability and charge of synthesized Cu-chitosan and chitosan-saponin NPs.Whereas FTIR, FESEM, FESEM-EDS and TEM, observations confirmed the functional group, crystalline porous structure, elemental compostion and spherical shape of synthesized nanoparticles. Encapsulation and release profile of Cu was confirmed by ICP-MS under varying pH and time.Maximum Cu release confirmed at pH 1 and 144 h of time period. In in vitro, assay results revealed that increasing the concentration and time exposure of Cu-chitosan and chitosan-saponin NPs leads to more nematode mortality and egg hatching inhibition. The maximum mortality and egg hatching inhibition was documented in 1000 ppm of Cu-chitosan NPs after 72 and 96 h respectively. In pluronic gel experiment NPs exposure to M. incognita juveniles for 16 h affect host finding behavior. A minimum number of juveniles reached around tomato roots were observed in chitosan-saponin NPs at 1200 ppm in 4 and 8 h as compared to water and octopamine control. Increasing the NPs concentration reduced nematode penetration and minimum number of nematode penetrated in 1200 ppm of chitosan-saponin NPs as compared water control in tomato roots. In management experiment foliar spray was more effective in increasing the plant growth parameters as compared to seedling root dip and soil drenching method. But, in reduction of nematode parameters observed in seedling root dip treatment (8 h) was more effective as compared to 4 h seedling root dip and other treatments. Cu-chitosan is more effective in reduction of number of galls, number of egg masses, eggs per egg mass and soil population per 200 cc soil, while chitosan-saponin NPs was more effective in increasing plant growth parameters. It was observed NPs also caused toxicity in M. incognita J2s and up regulates the detoxifying genes. Hence, the chitosan based nano formulation (s) proved to be of great nematicidal potential and opened new opportunities for expanding their effectiveness as new nematode control agents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the efficacy of native strains of entomopathogenic nematodes in the management of insect-pests of cauliflower
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-11) Babita Kumari; Anil Kumar
    Out of 280 soil samples collected from different localities, 83 samples contained EPNs with 29.6 per cent frequency of occurrence. Six isolate (strains) viz., HAR-St-I, HAR-St-II, HAR-St-III, HAR-Ht-I, HAR-Ht-II and HAR-Ht-III were selected from the EPNs isolated. On the basis of morphological, morphometric and molecular characterization, these isolates were identified as Metarhabditis amsactae. Efficacy of these strains of M. amsactae were tested against Pieris brassicae, Spodoptera litura and Plusia orichalcea under laboratory condition, at four inoculum levels i.e. 05, 10, 20 and 40 IJs /insect larva. In both strains (HAR-St-II and HAR-Ht-III), as the observation time and level of IJs increased, there was a significant increase in per cent mortality of all three insects. Recovery of M. amsactae was less from cadaver of Plusia orichalcea than Pieris brassicae and Spodoptera litura.In Wout’s medium-I, multiplication of strain HAR-St-II was more than strain HAR-Ht-III, both after 30 and 60 days. Multiplication of both strains of M. amsactae was higher after 30 days than after 60 days. Among cadaver based formulation, alginate gel, foam chips, clay chips and water dispersible granules, cadaver based formulation was found to be best. Maximum numbers of active IJs after 90 days were obtained from this formulation were 3370 and 2728 /Petri plate in strains HAR-St-II and HAR- Ht-III, respectively. In 25, 50, 75 and 100 μm nozzles, 100 μm nozzle gave maximum larval mortality of S. litura, and mortality increased with increase in size of nozzle and period of observation. Two sprays of both strains proved better than single spray, but it was less effective than Malathion 50 EC @ 400 ml/acre to control insect-pests of cauliflower.