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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Biological control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) with predatory nematode, Fictor composticola on cucumber(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-11) Sidhu, Harjot Singh; Kanwar, R.S.Investigations were carried out on the effect of prey density levels of Meloidogyne incognita on the predation efficiency of Fictor composticola and compatibility of F. composticola with Pasteuria penetrans under in vitro and pot conditions. Efficacy of organic amendments on predation efficiency of F. composticola for the management of Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber was also studied and combinations of best organic amendments with F. composticola was compared with carbofuran under screen house conditions. In the experiment on effect of predation efficiency of F. composticola on prey density levels of M. incognita, predation increased with increase of prey density. Per cent consumption was minimum at highest (2000 J2 per plate) prey density level and maximum at 500 prey density level. The prey consumption after 48 h was higher than after 24 h. Minimum number of galls and egg masses were found in the treatment where 250 J2 inoculum level was applied. Presence of predatory nematode, F. composticola reduced the nematode population. In in vitro compatibility test, P. penetrans encumbered J2 were consumed more by predator than the healthy juveniles as the adherence of endospores slows down the movement of such juveniles and the chances of predation by F. composticola are increased. In pot experiment, maximum reductions in numbers of galls and egg masses were observed after F. composticola inoculation alongwith juveniles encumbered with P. penetrans endospores, which indicated that there was reduced penetration of juveniles into the roots of cucumber plants resulting in reduction of these parameters. Among all organic amendments, maximum population of F. composticola was found in chicken manure followed by vermicompost. Neem cake had the maximum plant weight among all amendments, but maximum root-knot nematode population reduction was recorded in FYM followed by neem leaves. Among oilcakes, castor cake reduced maximum nematode population but neem cake improved maximum plant growth. FYM was better than chicken manure and vermicompost in reducing nematode population. Among plant leaves, minimum nematode population and maximum plant growth was found in the treatment of neem leaves. Among the four combinations of different organic amendments, F. composticola + chicken manure + neem cake + neem leaves was found best in reducing number of galls, egg masses and final root-knot nematode population. The predator population was enhanced by the chicken manure and the plant growth was more in the combination of chicken manure, neem cake and neem leaves. The predator population was maximum in the treatment having chicken manure + neem cake + neem leaves and the treatment without amendments has minimum predator population. Integration of F. composticola + chicken manure + neem cake + neem leaves was more effective than carbofuran in improving plant growth as well as in reducing nematode population.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the incidence and management of guava decline involving root-knot nematode and fungi(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-11) M. R., Madhu; Verma, K. K.The present investigation was conducted for the incidence and management of guava decline caused by root-knot nematode, M. incognita and fungus, F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii, in Haryana. The survey results of Hisar, Jind, Sirsa and Fatehabad districts of Haryana revealed the occurrence of nine phytonematode genera and three fungal genera from infected guava orchards. Among them, M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii were predominant pathogens involved in causing guava decline. The maximum frequency of occurrence of M. incognita was recorded in Fatehabad (72.2%), followed by Hisar (63.2%), Jind (56.3%) and Sirsa district (53.3%). Among four districts surveyed, the mean of guava decline incidence was maximum in Jind (51.6%) followed by Sirsa (49.4%), Hisar (40.4%) and Fatehabad district (36.6%). The experiment on pathogenicity of M. incognita revealed that the significant reduction of plant variables were observed at the inoculum level of 1000 j2 and onwards and which was considered to be pathogenic level to guava plants. The pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii on guava seedlings was proved and inoculum level of 6g mycelium/kg soil was considered to be pathogenic level to guava plants. The interaction of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii showed that the statistically lowest plant growth parameters were recorded in nematode 10 and 20 days prior to fungus and the significantly lowest nematode reproduction factors were recorded in fungus 20 and 10 days prior to nematode inoculation. Significantly highest root rot was observed in plants inoculated with M. incognita 10 days prior to inoculation of F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii (43.67%) followed by nematode 20 days prior to fungus (39.34%). The incorporation of deoiled cakes viz., neem and mustard cake @ 30g/kg soil enhanced plant growth parameters and reduced the nematode reproduction factors irrespective of individual or combined inoculation of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii. Among different bio-agents tested, the treatments receiving combined formulation of T. viride, P. fluorescens and P. lilacinum @ 10ml/kg soil recorded maximum plant growth parameters and minimum nematode reproduction factors irrespective of whether individual or combined inoculation of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. psidii.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated management of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in transplanted rice(CCSHAU, 2019) Vinod Kumar; Verma, K.K.Studies were carried out on integrated management of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in transplanted rice involving three pronged strategies i.e. laboratory, screen house and farmer‟s field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, all the substances (rhizobacteria, aqueous extract of phytotherapeutic substances and chemicals) inhibited larval hatch and mortality of M. graminicola at all dilutions i.e. 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40 and 1:80 and at each interval of exposure period i.e. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. Maximum and significantly higher hatching inhibition and larval mortality was found, where eggs and larvae of M. graminicola were exposed to the chemicals i.e. carbosulfan followed by cartap hydrochloride. Among the rhizobacterial strains and plant extracts, the maximum hatching inhibition and larval mortality was observed in Azotobactor chroococcum (HT-54) which is statistically at par with aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica. However, A. chroococcum HT 54, A. indica and carbosulfan gave maximum inhibition of egg hatch and mortalty at 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions irrespective of period of exposure. Under nursery conditions, neem cake @ 50g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot treatments had significantly highest seedling growth of rice as compared to untreated check. It was found that integration of neem cake @ 50g/pot with P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot (nursery) significantly reduced the nematode reproduction and multiplication. Upon transplanting of treated nursery into already treated soil under screen house conditions, it was found that integration of treated nursery (neem cake @ 50g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot) with neem cake @ 25g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 25 g/pot) had significantly highest plant growth parameters and minimum nematode reproduction and multiplication under screen house conditions. Similarly, reproduction factor was found minimum in treated nursery (neem cake @ 50g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot) with neem cake @ 25g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 25 g/pot. In main field experiment, where treated nursery treatments were integrated with main field treatments, significantly highest and maximum yield was obtained in combination of treated nursery (neem cake @ 50g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot) with deep summer ploughing. It was observed that combination of treated nursery (neem cake @ 50g/pot+P. fluorescens @ 50 g/pot) with+deep summer ploughing significantly reduced the nematode reproduction and multiplication. Similarly, it was observed that highest rice grain yield was recorded when treated seedlings were transplanted in combination of deep summer ploughing. Such studies will lead us to a scenario where management of M. graminicola would be possible by integration of ecofriendly, economic and effective components starting from laboratory to nursery and to the end point of rice cultivation in the main field.
