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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2009 - 200912010 - 20131
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Subject: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology × Author: Sandhu, Nitika ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular and physiological studies to identify traits enhancing rice cultivars adaptation to aerobic conditions for sustainable rice production in water short situations
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Sandhu, Nitika; Jain, Rajinder Kumar
    In the present investigation experiments were conducted to: identify QTL conferring a potential yield advantage under direct seeded conditions; identify root traits having a positive correlation with grain yield under direct seeded conditions; identify genotypes with high levels of root growth plasticity in multiple conditions (upland, lowland, induced by drought or low P) and to identify a positive correlation of root plasticity with grain yield; BSA approach was applied to identify QTL showing consistent effects in the background of two popular high-yielding varieties, IR64 and MTU1010, under upland reproductive-stage drought stress; identify QTL with large and consistent effects for traits thought to be beneficial for direct-seeded rice: seedling emergence, early vegetative vigour, root morphology, nutrient uptake, and grain yield. We hypothesized that the some of the seedling-stage traits investigated might have a strong enough effect on plant growth to be correlated with grain yield at harvest. Our study identified a total of 35 QTL associated with 14 traits on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 11 in MASARB25 × Pusa Basmati 1460 population and 14 QTL associated with nine traits on chromosomes 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in HKR47 × MAS26-derived population. These identified QTL included three large-effect stable QTL for increased yield under aerobic conditions and QTL for several root-related traits likely to increase water and nutrient uptake under aerobic conditions. A number of plants were identified with higher root length and dry biomass, yield per plant, length-breadth ratio, and with Pusa Basmati 1460 specific alleles in homozygous or heterozygous condition at the BAD2 locus; these lines shall serve as novel materials for the selection of stable aerobic Basmati rice varieties. A good correlation was observed between root growth/plasticity in lysimeter, field and rhizoscope study, between water uptake in lysimeter and leaf water status in field. Consistently high plasticity was observed across different treatment and environment. Three large and consistent-effect QTL, qDTY1.1, qDTY2.2, and qDTY2.3 for GY were identified under reproductive-stage drought stress in Kali Aus/2*MTU1010 and Kali Aus/2*IR64 populations. A total of 28 QTL associated with 22 traits and 20 QTL associated with 12 traits were mapped in Aus276/3*IR64 and Aus276/3*MTU1010 population, respectively. The QTL qGY6.1, qGY10.1, qGY1.1 and qEVV9.1 were found to be effective in both Aus276/3*IR64 and Aus276/3*MTU1010 populations under wide range of conditions; the QTL for nutrient uptake were located on chromosome 5, co-located with qGR5.2 and qRHD5.1. The positive interaction between the genomic regions for root traits and nutrient uptake depicted that these interacting loci should also be considered when introgressing QTL to develop rice for dry direct seeded conditions. Co-localization of QTL for yield, EVV, and root traits indicates that the identified QTL may be immediately exploited in MAB to develop novel high-yielding direct seeded rice varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of F1 hybrids from crosses between aerobic and high-yielding rice cultivars and their identification via molecular marker analysis
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Sandhu, Nitika; Jain, R.K.
    Experiments were conducted to: (i) assess the plant type, yield potential and root traits of some of the aerobic rice genotypes (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109, 3508 and 3512) developed by UAS Bangalore and those selected at rice research station in comparison to the high-yielding indica (PAU201, HKR47) /basmati (HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460) rice varieties, (ii) make the crosses between aerobic and high-yielding indica/basmati rice varieties, (iii) assess the genetic diversity in a set of ten rice genotypes comprising of aerobic, indica and basmati rice varieties, and (iv) use microsatellite polymorphism for identification of F1 hybrids. Field evaluation showed that aerobic rice varieties produced optimum yield under aerobic conditions, which declined by 14-24% when cultivated under submerged conditions. On the contrary, indica/basmati had optimum yield under submerged conditions, which declined by 11-25% under aerobic conditions. Aerobic rice varieties have longer and dense root system compared to high-yielding indica/basmati rice varieties. Seedling length and fresh weight decreased under PEG-induced water stress, but the decreasing rate was lesser in aerobic rice varieties. A DNA fingerprinting database of ten parental aerobic, indica and basmati rice varieties have been prepared using 18 microsatellite and a BAD2 aroma gene specific markers. High level of polymorphism was observed among the aerobic, indica and Basmati rice varieties. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 5 with an average of 3.579 alleles per locus. Size of the PCR products amplified ranged from 80- 585 bp. The molecular size difference between the smallest and largest allele at a locus varied from 15 to 328. No Null alleles were detected. Multiple alleles were also detected at an average frequency of 0.263. Polymorphism information content (PIC), which is an indicative level of polymorphism, varied from 0.330 to 0.780 with an average of 0.620 per locus. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA tree cluster analysis showed the clustering of 10 rice genotypes into two major distinct groups. The group I had three Basmati rice varieties, HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460. The other group was further divided into two subgroups with subgroup 1 having indica rice varieties (HKR47 and PAU201) and other subgroup having all the aerobic rice varieties (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109, 3508 and 3512). Polymorphism for four (RM440, RM162, RM144, RM240) of the 18 SSR markers with a base difference of >30 bp in the amplified products, could be clearly visualized on 2.5% w/v agarose gels. A total of 22 crosses were made between aerobic (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109) and high yielding indica (HKR47, PAU201)/Basmati (HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460) varieties. The crossed seeds were recovered from 14 crosses. Two plants obtained from the Pusa Sugandha 4 x MAS25 and HBC19 x MAS26 crosses were confirmed as F1 hybrids by molecular marker analysis.