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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Varietal evaluation of guava for morpho-physiological traits under semi-arid condition of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019) Parveen; Sharma, Jeet RamA field experiment was conducted at the guava demonstration centre, Bhuna (Fatehabad), Haryana. Fifteen varieties having a wide range of variability in growth, flowering, fruit, and qualitative traits were studied in Randomized Block Design. Results showed that among the varieties, Allahabad Safeda showed early initiation and ending of flower in rainy season, while, in winter season it was showed by Hisar Safeda. Late flowering initiation and ending was showed by Pant Parbhat in rainy season, whereas, in winter season scattering flower is continous in Lalit, KG Guava, Pant Parbhat and Shweta varieties of guava. KG Guava had the maximum plant height, plant spread, foliage density, fruit length, fruit diameter (width) and fruit weight, while, minimum plant height and spread was found in Banarsi Surkha. Minimun leaf internodes distance was found in KG Guava. Pant Parbhat had maximum internodes distance in branch during both the season and minimum was showed by Barf Khana. Allahabad Safeda had minimum fruit length, fruit diameter (width) and fruit weight. Maximum TSS, TSS:Acid ratios and minimum titratable acidity was observed in Hisar Safead. L-49 had maximum ascorbic acid content during both the seasons. Phyllotaxy in selected varieties found from decussate to opposite type. Leaf shape varied from elliptical, oblong, ovate and trullate type in selected varieties. Mature leaf color varied from green, light green and dark green. In case of fruit shape and surface maximum varieties showed round type of fruit shape and smooth fruit surface, respectively. Pulp color in selected varieties varied from white, creamy-white to pink. In case of fruit skin color, maximum varieties showed yellowish-green color of fruit skin.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on weed management practices in Gladiolus(CCSHAU, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Chahal, DevenderThe present investigation entitled “Studies on weed management practices in Gladiolus” was conducted during 2018-19 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 17 treatments laid out in simple randomized block design with three replications i.e. nine herbicidal treatments with pre and post-emergence application, five mulch treatments either alone or in combinations with herbicide, one hand hoeing, one weed free and one weedy check. Polypogon monspeliensis, Phalaris minor, Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon among monocots and Chenopodium murale, Convolvulus arvensis, Fumaria parviflora and Coronopus didymus in dicots were found dominant weeds in experimental field. Among the application of herbicides or mulch materials either alone or in combinations, T13 (black polyethylene mulch) was observed very effective in controlling weeds followed by T12 (pendimethalin 1000 g fb HW + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha), T14 (mulching of straw fb HW hand weeding) and T6 (pendimethalin 1500 g/ha + straw mulch). In crop parameters, however T16 (weed free) was observed better in vegetative and floral characteristics but T13 was also observed at par with T16 viz. early sprouting of corms, plant height excluding spike (52.60 cm), plant height including spike (102.87 cm), average leaf area/sprout (547.74 cm2), flower parameters viz. days taken for spike emergence (65.67 days), days taken for colour breaking in basal floret (73.67 days), days to opening basal floret (76.20 days), duration of flowering (25.47 days), length of spike (74.00 cm),rachis length (53.67 cm), number of florets/spike (17.67), diameter of floret (9.53 cm), g/ha) number of marketable spikes (17.67). Regarding corm and cormel production, T14 was observed better with diameter of corm (6.12 cm), weight of corm (52.27 g), number of cormels/plant (19.07), weight of cormel/plant (5.22 g), number of marketable daughter corms (20.00) followed by T15 (hand hoeing) and T13. Amongst the herbicidal treatments, T12 was observed comparatively more efficient in controlling weeds and resulted in better vegetative and reproductive parameters. Interestingly, the herbicidal applications of oxyflurofen and metsulfuron-methyl (T2 &T8) caused phytotoxicity to the crop plants and the symptoms of phytotoxocity were observed at all the dates of observation. Among various weed management practices tested in this investigation, the application mulch material (either paddy straw or black polyethylene sheet) was observed best with the aspect of weed control as well as flower & corm production in gladiolus.ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of grafting techniques on different rootstocks in low chill peach cv. Shan-e-Punjab(CCSHAU, 2019) Jaipal; Dalal, Raj PalThe present investigation was carried to study the effect of method and time of grafting on different rootstock to assess graft success and growth in low chill peach cv. Shan- e-Punjab at CCSHAU, Hisar during 2018-19. Three different rootstocks viz., Peach cv. Sharbati seedling and rooted cutting of Plum cv. Kala Amritsari and Green Gage were propagated by three grafting method viz., tongue, wedge and whip on different times viz., 9th and 25th of January in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replication. Results reveal that earliness in grafting (9th January) had significantly higher graft success and sprouting percentage over 25th January whereas all growth parameter viz., plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, percent increase in scion and rootstock diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, RWC, leaf nitrogen and potassium content and total chlorophyll content were significantly superior on 25th January. Among grafting methods, tongue grafting was found superior over wedge and whip grafting for maximum sprouting percentage, graft success, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, percent increase in scion and rootstock diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, RWC, leaf NPK content and total chlorophyll content. Similarly, Sharbati seedling performed better as compared to Kala Amritsari and Green Gage cutting for maximum sprouting, graft success, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, percent increase in scion and rootstock, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, relative water content, leaf nitrogen, phosphorus potassium content and total chlorophyll content.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of media fortified with plant growth promoting bacteria on germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady(CCSHAU, 2019) Shwe Zin Phyo Aung; Malik, ArvindThe present investigation entitled “Studies on effect of media fortified with plant growth promoting bacteria on germination and seedling growth of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivar Red Lady was carried out during 2018-19 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to find the effect of media fortification with plant growth promoting bacteria and growing condition on germination and growth of papaya seedling. The papaya seeds were grown in sixteen different fortified media and placed under open field and polyhouse conditions. The data were recorded on days taken to seed germination, germination percentage, seed vigour index, seedling height and diameter at 15 days interval after germination, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, shoot fresh weight and dry weight, leaf water content, saleable seedling percentage, length and diameter of tap root, root volume, root fresh and dry weight. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using completely randomized design. The fortified media of Cocopeat : Vermiculite : Perlite (3:1:1) + Mac 27 + PSB- P 36 under polyhouse conditions exhibited minimum days for germination, maximum germination percentage and maximum leaf water content irrespective of growing conditions. The fortified media of Soil: Sand: Vermicompost (1:1:1) + Mac 27 + PSB-P 36 resulted in maximum seed vigour index, seedling height, seedling diameter, fresh weight of seedling, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, saleable seedling percentage, length of tap root, diameter of tap root, root volume, fresh weight of root and dry weight of root. The shoot dry weight of seedlings grown in fortified media of Soil: Sand: Vermicompost (1:1:1) and Soil : Sand : FYM (1:1:1) + Mac 27 + PSB- P 36 under polyhouse conditions was statistically at par with each other. On the basis of present investigation it is concluded that the combination of fortified media [Soil: Sand: Vermicompost (1:1:1) + Mac 27 + PSB-P 36] and polyhouse conditions are the best for obtaining maximum growth in seedling along with maximum saleable seedling %, hence the use of the same is suggested for papaya nursery to obtain maximum saleable seedlings.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of growth regulators on flowering, fruiting & quality of sapota (Manilkara zapota)(CCSHAU, 2019) Akshay; Godara, R.K.The present study entitled, “Studies on the effect of growth regulators on flowering, fruiting & quality of sapota (Manilkara zapota)” was conducted at Experimental Orchard of COA, Kaul, (Kaithal), CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana) during 2018 and 2019 on twenty eight years old sapota trees with the objective to study the effect of growth regulators on the fruit set, yield and quality of sapota. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice to study the effect of CCC 400ppm at fruit bud differentiation in July and followed by other growth regulators (GA3 100, 150 ppm and NAA 100, 200, 300 ppm) at 50% flowering and again at pea stage of fruit development over control. Percent increase in plant height (5.69 %), stem girth (1.91 %), tree spread E-W (8.64%) and N-S (8.68%) considerably increased with application of growth hormones maximum increase was observed in CCC 400 ppm superimposed by GA3 150 ppm and NAA 300 ppm. Minimum no of days to flower (23 days), days to fruit setting (34 days), days to maturity (218 days) was observed in CCC 400 ppm followed by GA3 150 ppm and NAA 300 ppm. Maximum number of flower per cluster (12.56), fruit setting (46.74 %) and fruit retention (21.25 %) and no. of fruit per cluster (3.87) was recorded with application of CCC 400 ppm followed by GA3 150 ppm and NAA 300 ppm. Maximum fruit length (6.01 cm), fruit diameter (5.42 cm) and fruit weight (97.65 gm) and minimum number seed (1.00) was observed with application of CCC 400 ppm followed by GA3 150 ppm and NAA 300 ppm. Maximum number of fruit per tree (1316.00) and yield per tree (128.86 kg) was recorded with treatment of CCC 400 ppm followed by GA3 150 ppm and NAA 300 ppm. Highest increase in TSS (22.3 %), total sugars (14.83 %), reducing sugars (8.90 %), non reducing sugars (5.93 %) and significant decrease in acidity (0.12 %) was obtained with application of CCC 400 ppm superimposed by GA3 150 ppm and NAA 300 ppm.ThesisItem Open Access Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn response to salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside and putrescine(CCSHAU, 2019) Samiullah; Goyal, R.K.The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside and putrescine on growth, yield, quality and storage of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn in the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2018-19. The salicylic acid (2mM, 4mM and 6mM), sodium nitroprusside (4μM, 6μM and 8μM) and putrescine (1mM, 2mM and 3mM) were sprayed on plants 20 and 40 days after transplanting. The fruit length, fresh weight and juice content increased in plants sprayed with salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside and putrescine as compared to control. The strawberry plants treated with salicylic acid at 4mM significantly increased plant spread (30.25 cm), number of leaves (20.66). Maximum TSS (7.5%), ascorbic acid (45.90 mg/100ml), anthocyanin content (46.50 mg/100ml) and organoleptic rating (7.6), whereas, fruit colour ‗b‘ value (15.61) was significantly higher at PU at 1mM as compared to other treatments. Maximum TSS (7.55%), anthocyanin content (49.83 mg/100ml), juice content (62.6%) organoleptic rating (7.4) and minimum loss in weight (6.38%)were recorded in SA at 4 mM on fourth day of storage. Reduction in decay loss was observed on 4th day with the all treatments except control.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and prospects of marigold cultivation in Rewari and Mahendergarh districts of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2019) Yadav, Pankaj; Dahiya, D.S.Marigold is highly remunerative and short duration flower crop. Overall, in India, area under marigold is gradually increasing and in particular, in Haryana also. Rewari and Mahendergarh (under NCR area) are two districts located in southern part of Haryana and were selected as the locale of the study. Marigold is gaining popularity among the famers of these two districts as an alternative to traditional cropping pattern to earn handsomely. Fifty marigold cultivators (twenty five from each district) were selected randomly as the respondents for the study. An interview schedule was developed to ascertain the knowledge and adoption level of the respondents about the package of practices for marigold production, to find out pre and post harvest problems of marigold cultivation and to study the prospects of marigold cultivation in these two districts. Among the various practices included in the schedule, majority of the respondents had full knowledge about the planting method and time, transplanting time, time of application of manure and different fertilizers, irrigation, pinching, harvesting and diseases and their control, however, in terms of adoption, majority of the respondents had full adoption about planting method and time, transplanting time, irrigation and diseases and their control. Among the various constraints related with production, input, marketing, technical guidance and psychological constraints as perceived by the farmers non awareness about proper and balanced fertilizer application and time of application of manure and different fertilizers, High price of insecticides/pesticides and fungicides, non availability of the support price, extension gap and notion that marigold requires more irrigation were accorded first rank respectively. According to the assumptions of the respondents, better economic returns and high demand of the flowers were first and second promising prospects, however, Availability of better technical support and market facilities available at present were two least promising prospects for marigold cultivation in Rewari and Mahendergarh districts.ThesisItem Open Access Micropropagation and genetic fidelity testing in Asiatic lily (Lilium asiaticum L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Gaonkar, Sachin Gokuldas; Sehrawat, S.K.The experiment was conducted for standardization of optimum in vitro micropropagation technique in Asiatic Lilium hybrids Nashville and Eyeliner and also to evaluate genetic fidelity of in vitro cultured plantlets. Bulb scale basal segment used as explants gave good response when cultured in MS media supplemented with varying concentration of growth regulators. MS media supplemented with NAA 1 mg/l took minimum (28.07 ± 4.77) days for shoot regeneration. However, MS media supplemented with combination of BA 2mg/l and NAA 0.5 mg/l induced maximum (5.27 ± 0.27) number of shoots per explant and also highest (82.83 ± 0.70) per cent shoot regeneration. Variety Nashville was earliest to response and formed highest number of shoots during fifth week, whereas, variety Eyeliner formed highest number of shoots during sixth week. Highest (100) per cent rooting was obtained in MS media supplemented with NAA 0.5 and 1 mg/l. But, MS media supplemented with NAA 1 mg/l obtained highest (9.66 ± 1.00) number of roots per shoot and also longest (2.38 ± 0.16 cm) root length. The potting medium consisting of cocopeat was found to be the best media for hardening with (70.83) per cent survival of plantlets grown under greenhouse conditions. The genetic fidelity of plantlets was checked by using ten SSR markers. Out of these ten SSR markers only five markers namely Ivflmre-99, Ivflmre-116 and Ivflmre-138, Ivflmre-152 and Ivflmre-168 produced clear and reproducible monomorphic bands of same size and at equal distance indicating true-to-type nature of tissue cultured plants.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of NAA and zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of mulberry (Morus alba L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Dhakad, Ashok; Baloda, SatpalThe investigation entitled “Effect of NAA and zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of mulberry (Morus alba L.)” was conducted at Orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2018-19. Thirty two uniform trees of local cultivars of mulberry and foliar application of different concentrations of micronutrient (zinc sulphate @ 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) and growth regulator (NAA @ 20, 40 and 60 ppm) in the first and last week of March. Significantly improvement in flowering and fruiting parameters i.e. number of catkins per shoot, fruit set and fruit retention per cent was recorded from the trees treated with zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 60 ppm, while fruit drop was obtained minimum with zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 60 ppm. Maximum increase in yield parameters i.e. fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit weight and total yield per tree was observed in the fruits harvested from the trees treated with zinc sulphate (0.4% and 0.6%) and NAA @ 60 ppm. Significantly improvement in quality parameters i.e. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, ascorbic acid, reducing and total sugar was observed in the fruits harvested from the trees treated with zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 40 ppm except non-reducing sugar, while acidity was minimum with zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 40 ppm. Significant improvement in the leaves and fruit nutrient (N, P, K and Zn) concentrations was obtained with the foliar sprays of zinc sulphate and NAA. Maximum N, P and K content was found with the foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.4 per cent and NAA @ 60 ppm, while maximum zinc content was found with the foliar spray of zinc sulphate @ 0.6 per cent and NAA @ 60 ppm.