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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genome wide association mapping for stem water soluble carbohydrates in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under terminal water stress(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11-26) Gaur, Arpit; Jindal, YogeshGenomic assisted breeding is one way to improve drought stress tolerance in wheat. To uncover the genomic regions for grain yield, its attributing traits, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and its components mainly fructans, a comprehensive multidisciplinary study was conducted with a diverse set of 302 bread wheat genotypes. All the genotypes were evaluated under complete irrigation, rainfed and complete water stressed condition for two consecutive crop seasons at three locations (Hisar, Karnal and Baramati). The study indicated significant effect of different water regimes and locations on the expression of traits and as much as 80% of yield reduction was reported under DT. Seven promising drought tolerant verities were identified on the basis of drought susceptibility index. In this study, correlation between yield and studied traits largely varied with environmental and water conditions. However, shorter plant height, longer grain filling duration, days to heading, thousand kernel weight (35-40 g) is the most favorable trait combination for obtaining high grain yield under studied conditions. Positive correlation of WSCs with grain yield was reported only for drought tolerant genotypes. High values of all the genetic components were reported for all the traits within environments, however in pooled over management these values ranged between low to moderate for most of the studied traits due to genotype x environment. Traits like plant height, peduncle length, spikelet per spike and thousand kernel weight were least influenced with genotype x environment interaction thus found suitable for selection of grain yield. Substantial genetic diversity was reported in the studied material which was attributed by each of the studied trait equally. With 35K Axiom array and applying compressed mixed linear model, 431 stable SNPs were identified for 20 studied traits in 1288986.92 cM genomic region of bread wheat. These SNPs explained ca. 30-53% of phenotypic variations. Of 431 stable SNPs 77 were showing pleiotropy for various traits. Five SNPs (AX-94583229, AX-94879209, AX-94759517, AX-94887053 and AX-94964616) for fructans and total non-structural carbohydrates, three (AX-94508292, AX-95257620 and AX-94456473) for days to heading and one (AX-94412521) for plant height were most significant. In functional analysis of significant SNPs, 249 genes were identified which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and repair mechanism. Only few were reported with direct involvement in stress responses. In an in silco study 104 genes (TaFruc) transcribing into stable protein associated with fructans metabolism were identified. All of these were involved in either hydrolase or transferase activities of glycosyl groups of soluble sugars. These genes were found expressive under different stress conditions, mainly water stress. To facilitate the future breeding programs a total of 189 SSR molecular markers and 60 micro RNAs have been predicted successfully for TaFruc genes.ThesisItem Open Access Quantitative and molecular characterization for heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell).(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Anil Kumar; Dhanda, S.SThe present study was carried out to evaluate 96 advanced recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross WH 730 (heat tolerant) and WH 147 (higher yielder, heat susceptible) to find out physio-morphological traits and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heat tolerance in bread wheat. The experiment was conducted in augmented design and randomized complete block design (RBD) during Rabi season of 2014- 15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits studied among the RILs. Medium to high values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for grain yield per plant, number of grains per spike,100-grain weight, biological yield, canopy temperature depression and cell membrane thermostability under either one or both environments over the years indicating a high scope of selection for these traits for heat tolerance. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with number of tillers per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant, 100-grain weight, canopy temperature depression, cell membrane thermostability and osmotic potential, whereas negative and significantly correlated with days to heading and days to maturity under timely and late sown conditions over the years. Biological yield and harvest index had high direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plant over environment and years, indicating the true relationships with grain yield, in this set of material. Nine promising RILs namely RIL No.46, 22, 40, 43, 57, 19, 48, 81, 71 and 88, out of 96 were identified for the traits i.e., 100-grain weight, harvest index, grain yield, canopy temperature depression and cell membrane thermostability related to heat tolerance under heat stress condition. Two RILs 22 and 40 showing better performance over the environment and year. Twenty-six, out of 81 SSR markers used were found polymorphic in parental genotypes and in RILs. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) with significant phenotypic variation for number of spikelets per spike, spike length and biological yield per plant along with heat susceptibility index (HSI). QTL identified for biological yield per plant reported maximum phenotypic variation (50.0%) followed by spike length (46.37%) and number of spikelets per spike (12.59%).ThesisItem Open Access Population Structure Analysis and Genetic Diversity Studies for Yield Contributing Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Pawan Kumar; SomveerThe present study was undertaken with the objectives i) investigate the phenotypic and genetic diversity of promising genotypes of G. hirsutum and ii) to estimate the population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) using SSR markers. The experimental material comprised of 190 genotypes of upland cotton out of which 96 genotypes were used for population structure and further analysis. The test enteries were evaluated for various quantitative traits under three environments (early, normal and late sown conditions) during kharif-2018 and kharif-2019. Among the qualitative characters studied leaf color, leaf hairiness, leaf appearance, plant stem hairiness, plant height, flower petal color, flower stigma position, flower pollen color, boll shape, boll prominence of tip, and boll opening proved to be useful and stable diagnostic characters which proved useful in the classification of test genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits under investigation. Highly significant positive association of seed cotton yield per plant with number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint yield per plant, and seed index was recorded. All 96 genotypes were grouped into two clusters by population structure and analysis of molecular variance showed that most of the variation was among the genotypes as compare to among the sub-population. A total of 46, 48 and 46 significant marker-trait associations were identified in early, normal and late sown plantings, respectively. Out of these 21, 19 and 21 significant marker-trait associations were novel in early, normal and late sown environment, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular and morphological characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L) genotypes under aerobic and irrigated conditions(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-10) Susmita Dey; Khushi RamThe present study was conducted for evaluation and identification of rice genotypes under aerobic and irrigated conditions. The experiment was carried out at Rice Research Station, Kaul, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, during kharif 2018 and kharif 2019. The thirty (30) rice genotypes were grown in randomized block design (RBD) under both the conditions. Data recorded for 22 traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), number of tillers / plant, panicle length (cm), number of grains/panicle, grain yield (g) / plant, days to maturity, biological yield (g)/ plant, 1000 seed weight (g), harvest index (%), root length (cm), root volume (ml), root fresh weight (g)/ plant, root dry weight (g)/ plant, kernel length (mm), kernel breadth (mm), kernel length - breadth ratio, brown rice (%), milled rice (%) and head rice recovery (%).Genotypes IR14L521, NVSR-2017 and RDR 1158 were identified as superior genotypes, suitable for both aerobic and irrigated conditions on the basis of grain yield performance over the seasons and conditions. Under both the conditions, analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant difference for all the traits except leaf width, kernel length, kernel breadth and kernel length-breadth ratio. High GCV was observed for characters like root dry weight/plant and grain yield / plant in both the conditions. High heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded for the characters viz., leaf length, number of grains /panicle, 1000 seed weight, root volume, root fresh weight/plant, root dry weight/plant, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield / plant, biological yield /plant and harvest index under both the conditions. Correlation studies under both the conditions revealed that grain yield / plant exhibited positive significant correlation with plant height, leaf length, 1000 grain weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight/ plant, root dry weight/ plant, kernel length, biological yield/ plant and harvest index. The path coefficient analysis under both conditions indicated that biological yield/plant and harvest index had major positive direct effect on grain yield/plant. The 30 genotypes were also subjected to genetic diversity study through morphological traits under both the conditions and molecular markers. Out of 60 SSR markers, 39 markers showed polymorphism used for diversity analysis. From diversity analysis study, we recommended crossing between RP 5594- 410- 53-4-2 and HKR-48 for hybridization programme.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genotype x environment interactions for seed cotton yield & quality traits in desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Jangid, Kuldeep; Sangwan, OmenderThe present study comprised of thirty Gossypium arboreum genotypes grown in two locations during the kharif seasons in the year 2016 and 2017 in a randomized block design (RBD) at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and cotton research station, Sirsa, CCS Haryana Agricultural University. The observations on five randomly selected plants from each replication in each environment were recorded for fifteen quantitative and qualitative characters viz., days to first flower, plant height, number of monopods per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), ginning out turn (%),seed index (g), lint index (g), lint yield (g), protein (%), oil (%), gossypol (%), sugar (%), seed cotton yield per plant (g). The data were subjected to examine variability parameters, such as coefficient of variation, association among seed cotton yield and component traits and to study stability of various traits, biochemical parameters and genetic diversity also analysed using SSR markers. Seed cotton yield per plant showed highly significant positive correlation with lint yield per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and gossypol content. The path-coefficient analysis suggested the importance of number of bolls per plant, seed index, boll weight, lint yield and number of seeds per boll as they exhibited positive direct effects on seed cotton yield. The estimation of environmental additive effects (Ij) revealed that environment 2 was most suitable for number of monopods per plant, number of bolls per plant and number of seeds per boll. Environment 3 was found favourable for days to first flower, plant height, number of bolls per plant and oil content. Similarly, environment 4 was best for plant height number of seeds per boll, lint yield per plant and seed cotton yield plant. Significant diversity was found among all 30 genotypes even at molecular level. And all 3o genotypes were groups intro 4 clustered by polymorphism information of 22 SSR markers.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on induced mutations in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and identification of MYMIV resistant mutants using molecular makers(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-11) Anuragi, Hirdayesh; Yadav, RajeshMungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an economically important pulse crop of South-East Asia It is mostly liked in Indian diets due to its good palatability, easy digestibility and high nutritional quality. Unavailability of sufficient genetic variability is a major challenge for mungbean breeders. In this study, dry seeds of two mungbean varieties viz., MH 2-15 and MH 318 were mutagenized by 300, 400, 500 Gy of γ-rays and 0.2, 0.4 % EMS as well as their combination treatments and variability for various parameters were studied in M1, M2 and M3 populations during 2017-18 at CCS HAU, Hisar. In M1 generation, seed germination parameters like seed germination per cent, shoot and root length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight, SVI-I and II, mean germination rate, synchronization index, germination index, coefficient of velocity of germination and speed of germination decreased whereas seed/seedling mortality, mean germination time and days to 50 % germination increased with the increase in concentration of both the mutagens under controlled lab and natural field conditions. LD50 values for γ-rays ranged from 488.47 to 694.28 Gy in MH 2-15 and 519.77 to 715.15 Gy in MH 318 and 0.35 to 0.69 % in MH 2-15 and 0.37 to 0.74 % in MH 318 for EMS under controlled lab and natural field conditions. The M2 population of 24,464 mutants were screened and a broad spectrum of chlorophyll mutants (1.08 %) like xantha>viridis>chlorina>albina and morphological mutants (1.98 %) with compact, bushy, erect, spreading, tall, dwarf nature, tetra-foliate, penta-foliate, elliptic, lanceolate, lobbed, wrinkled, round leaves, early maturing, late maturing, sterile plants and large, small, lobbed pods were observed. Mutagen exhibited non-linear reduction in effectiveness and efficiency with increase in concentration. Mutagenesis generated significant variability in seed yield and attributing traits. Based on correlation and path coefficient studies, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and 100-seed weight were observed to be important parameters for increasing seed yield plant-1. Overall, MH 2-15 was found to be more sensitive for mutagenic changes as compared to MH 318, whereas among mutagens, the combination treatments (γ-rays + EMS) have exhibited more shift in magnitude of all the parameters followed by EMS and γ-rays. In M3 generation, 64 MYMIV resistant mutants were identified with <1 % PDI through phenotypic screening which were further confirmed by amplification of YMD linked SSR markers viz., YR4, CYR1 and CEDG180. Twenty-two mutants were identified with true resistance based on marker assisted screening.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular and Morphological studies in F5 generation of wheat derived from WH 711 and PBW 698 for Yellow rust resistance(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Mohammadi, Lina; Mukesh KumarThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and fiber quality traits in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-01) Chakholoma, Maggie; SomveerThe present study was carried out during Kharif season of 2018. The experimental material comprised of 12 lines viz., H 1471, H 1472, H 1480, H 1488, H 1489, H 1508, H 1518, H 1519, H 1520, H 1522, H 1523, H 1098i and 4 testers viz., C 201, C 202, C 210, C 211 and 48 crosses generated by crossing 12 lines with 4 testers in Line x tester design and one standard check hybrid HHH 223. The objective of the study was to determine heterosis of hybrids, combining ability and variances for different traits and identify the best combiners with respect to seed cotton yield and fibre quality. Observations were recorded for 14 characters namely, days to 1st flower, plant height (cm), number of monopods/ number of sympods per plant, number of bolls/plant, bolls weight (g), seed index (g), ginning out turn (%),) lint index, seed cotton yield per plant (g), uniformity index, fibre strength, upper half mean length and micronaire value. Ten crosses recorded a magnitude of heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant of above 40 percent. The highest economic heterosis for seed cotton yield was observed by the cross H 1489 x C 210 which also exhibited highest per se performance and significant sca effects for important characters; number of bolls per plant and boll weight. The variance gca/sca ratio depicted predominance of non-additive gene action for days to first flowering, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, seed cotton yield per plant, fibre strength, uniformity ratio, upper half mean length and micronaire value. The characters lint index, and number of monopods per plant revealed non- additive and additive gene action while plant height, number of sympods per plant and GOT were pre dominantly controlled by additive gene action. The lines H 1471, H 1472 H 1480 and H 1518 and the tester C-201 were found to be the best combiners and be considered for future breeding programme. The cross combination H 1480 × C 201 recorded highest significant SCA effects for seed cotton yield per plant and also exhibited significant economic heterosis for important characters. H 1098i × C 211 recorded significant SCA effects and economic heterosis for seed cotton yield. Hence, should be considered for further testing over location and environments.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of morpho-phenological characters and seed yield in fieldpea (Pisum sativum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Kamboj, Seema; RavikaSix generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) obtained from two crosses (GP 02/1108 x HFP 920 and GP 02/1108 x HFP 9907B) involving three genetically diverse dwarf, medium and tall parents were studied to find out the inheritance of seed yield and morpho-phenological characters in fieldpea. Generation means exhibited presence of sufficient variability for almost all the traits. Individual Scaling tests and Joint Scaling test failed to explain the additive-dominance model for all the characters except number of primary branches revealing presence of epistatic interactions. All the three types of epistasis were observed through six parameter model. It also revealed presence of fixable component, though lesser than non fixable component, for majority of characters. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for inter-nodal distance, height of first reproductive node, plant height, number of seeds per pod and biological yield per plant in both the crosses. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive correlation with number of primary branches, number of nodes, 100-seed weight, number of pods and harvest index and negative with days to flowering, inter-nodal distance, height of first reproductive node and plant height. The plant height was observed to have significant positive association with days to flowering, inter-nodal distance, height of first reproductive node, number of seeds and biological yield and negative association with number of secondary branches, number of nodes, number of pods and seed yield. Positive direct effect on seed yield was observed to be highest of number of pods followed by number of nodes, 100-seed weight, number of primary branches and harvest index whereas negative was observed highest of plant height followed by height of first reproductive node, inter-nodal distance and days to flowering. 100-seed weight, number of pods and primary branches exhibited high indirect effect on seed yield through various traits. Hybridization involving dwarf parent resulted into reduction in plant height, internodal distance and biological yield and increased number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of pods per plant. Sufficient fixable component for the traits envisaged practicing pedigree method. However, to exploit additive as well as non-additive gene effects simultaneously breeding methods like selection from delayed generations and bi-parental mating approach are advocated.
