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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Phenotypic and molecular analysis for morpho-physiological traits and yellow rust in wheat progenies derived from the cross between WH711/WH542(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Anu; Vikram SinghThe present investigation entitled “Phenotypic and molecular analysis for morpho-physiological traits and yellow rust in wheat progenies derived from the cross between WH711 / WH542” The experiments were conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India during two successive years of Rabi seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16 with objective to determine variability, correlation path analysis and genetic divergence. Characterization of 238 progenies along with parent was done on the basis of 12 morpho-physiological traits which exhibited sufficient variation in all the traits. The differences between GCV and PCV values were less which showed little influence of environment. The correlation results revealed that plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index expressed significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant across the generations and can be used for improving grain yield per plant. Path analysis of both generations revealed that biological yield per plant and harvest index had high direct effect on grain yield per plant while traits viz., number of tillers per plant, plant height and spike length contributed to grain yield per plant through biological yield per plant and harvest index. Based on D2 values, the progenies were grouped into 7 clusters in F3 and 8 clusters in F4 generation. The progenies included in clusters III, V and VI in F3 and V, VII and VIII in F4 generation were identified as divergent as well as having higher mean value for important yield component traits. The traits viz., grain breadth, number of grains per spike, spike weight, number of tillers per plant and 1000 grain weight contributed more than 60% towards total variability. Out of 438 SSR primers pairs (including Yr specific primers) used to characterize the parents for Yr gene and agronomic traits. Among 217 SSRs gave amplification. Out of these 217, SSR 145 markers were monomorphic and 72 SSR markers (including twelve Yr specific markers) were found polymorphic on parents. It was confirmed by NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree and dendrogram that two parents were most genetically diverse and the progeny lines were interspersed between the two parents for yellow rust in both the generations. Single marker analysis indicated that markers Xgwm249 and Xgwm297 were linked with yellow rust resistance in F4 generation.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of CMS lines for development of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Jain, Bharat Taindu; Khushi RamRealizing the potential of hybrid rice to increase productivity, the present investigation was conducted during Kharif 2017 and Kharif 2018 at research farm of Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal) of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Harayana Agricultural University, Hisar carried out in four different experiments to assess the magnitude of heterosis for various yield and related traits, to identify the maintainers and restorers for different CMS lines, to determine the extent of outcrossing and find the polymorphism between parents using SSR markers. The study comprised of two CMS lines viz., IR 68888A and IR 58025A with different restorers to generate thirty hybrids. The thirty hybrids along with two standard checks viz., HSD 1 and HKR 127 were evaluated for the standard heterosis for eight morphological traits and six quality traits in RCBD in three replications. Characters wise positive heterotic hybrids over both checks (HSD 1 and HKR 127) were: hybrid IR 58025A x IR 92784-91-1-5 (42.24 % & 44.24 %) for number of effective tillers per plant, hybrid IR 68888A x HKR 07-191 (18.24 % & 28.98 %) for panicle length, hybrid IR 68888A x HKR 120 ( 25.68 % & 48.16 %) for number of grains per panicle, hybrid IR 58025A x HKR 08-62 (10.20% & 12.58%) for 1000 grain weight. Most of the hybrids recorded positive heterosis over checks for grain yield per plant with the maximum standard heterosis for grain yield recorded in hybrid IR 58025A x IR 99784-255-91-1-5 (38.49 % & 59.28 %) followed by IR 68888A x PR 106 (27.87 % & 45.92 %) and IR 58025A x HKR 05-10 (26.92% & 44.72 %) exhibited highest significant positive heterosis over both checks (HSD 1 & HKR 127) and among these IR 58025A x IR 99784-255-91-1-5 was identified as potential hybrid. After testing in large scale field trials, these hybrids can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Another experiment comprised of four different CMS lines viz., IR 68888A, IR68897A, IR58025A and IR 80555A with ten different testers each used to generate forty hybrids. Based on spikelet fertility of forty crosses, eight genotypes were identified as effective maintainers, eight genotypes as partial maintainers, eighteen genotypes as partial restorers and six genotypes as effective restorers. Genotype IRBB60 was identified as effective maintainers for two CMS lines namely IR68888A and IR58025A. However, IET 21669 and IET 21953 behaved as maintainer for IR58025A only and male parent HKR 126, HKR 47 and HKR 08-62 behaved as maintainer for line IR 68897A. Effective Restorer found for different CMS lines were; PR 123 for IR68888A, IR 99784-11-8-1-2, IR 91648-B-9-B-14-2, HKR 127, OM6377 for IR 688897A, HKR 128 for IR 80555A, identified strong restorer can be used to cross with several CMS lines to produce hybrids. Another experiment carried out using two CMS lines (IR68888A and IR58025A) were grown with one pollen parent in different planting ratio (4:2, 6:2, 8:2) to determine the extent of outcrossing. CMS line IR 68888A showed highest outcrossing 38.67% in 4F:2M, and 31.22% outcrossing in 6F:2M planting ratio as compared to 36.04% in 4F:2M and 27.21% in 6F:2M in CMS line IR 58025A. Thus, CMS line IR 68888A can be used effectively for the production of hybrid seed and may be exploited in future hybrid rice breeding programme. For checking polymorphism between parents (23 male and 2 female), 52 SSR markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity. Out of 52 SSR markers tested, 33 were found to be polymorphic and 17 monomorphic markers. The PIC values ranged from 0.13 to 0.59 with an average of 0.377 by 33 polymorphic SSR markers. Based on molecular cluster analysis, total 8 sub clusters depicted among parents and it showed that parents were diverse and differ significantly from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular and biochemical studies for yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2019) Vijay kumar S; Mukesh KumarThe present study was carried out for evaluation of F3 and F4 generation progenies derived from a cross WH 711 (susceptible) x PBW698 (resistant) for identification and selection of better performing progenies for different characters along with yellow rust resistance. The experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 in research area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Data were recorded for Plant height (cm), Flag leaf length (cm), Flag leaf area (cm2), Spike length (cm), Spike weight (g), Number of grains/ spike, Grain weight/ spike, 100 grain weight (g), Number of tillers/plant, Grain yield/plant (g), Biological yield/plant (g), Harvest index (%), Days to heading and Reaction to yellow rust (Cobbe„s modified scale). High to moderate range of PCV and GCV were observed for traits number of tillers/ plant, grain yield/ plant, grain weight/ spike, spike weight and spike length. High heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded for number of tillers/ plant, grain yield/ plant and spike weight it indicates that this traits were govern by additive genetic variances. The correlation coefficient studies reveled that grain yield/ plant is significantly correlated with all yield attributing traits. The path analysis suggested that number of tillers/ plant, biological yield/ plant and harvest index maximum positive direct contribution towards grain yield/ plant in both the generation. D2 analysis grouped progenies in to 4 and 7 cluster in F3 and F4 generation. Principal component analysis reveled that the first 4 group contribute more than 60% of the variation. Grain weight/ spike, grain yield/ plant and number of tillers/ plant contribute more to the total variation. Out of 175 SSR primers used, 160 SSRs showed amplification in parental genotypes of PBW698 and WH 711 out of which, 40 SSRs were polymorphic and the remaining 120 gave monomorphic bands. The markers XGWM413, XPSP3000, XGWM140, XWMC44.1, XBARC181, XBARC76, and XGWM120 were associated with yellow rust. The marker XPSP3000 on chromosome 1B showed a maximum linkage with LOD value 10.47 explaining 6.28 % of phenotypic variation with an additive effect of 9.831. The Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activity ranged from 1.43 to 10.03 and 1.94 to 9.57 micro mol/ min/g FW respectively. The yellow rust was significant negatively correlated with PAL and TAL, whereas, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and Tyrosine ammonia lyase was positively significant with each other.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on diversity for quality characters, cane yield and its contributing traits in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex) clones(CCSHAU, 2019) Amit; Ramesh KumarSugarcane (Saccharum species complex) is one of the important cash crop and playing a vital role in improving the economy of the country. It has unusual ability to store sucrose in stem cell vacuoles. In this study, 51 sugarcane genotypes were evaluated for morphological and quality characters in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications during 2018-19 at CCS Haryana agricultural university, regional research station, karnal. The sufficient genetic variability was observed from significant genotypic differences for all the 22 characters studied, indicated the appropriateness of the material selected. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters representing more environmental impact on these characters for total variation. High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for cane yield, commercial cane sugar (t/ha), germination % at 45 days after planting, number of millable canes at harvest, single cane weight, sucrose % at 8th month stage and commercial cane sugar % at 8th month stage. Therefore, it indicates that simple selection will be effective for these traits. Phenotypic correlation coefficients for cane yield showed significant and positive relationship with commercial cane sugar (t/ha), number of tillers at 120 days after planting, number of shoots at 240 days after planting, number of millable canes at harvest, single cane weight, stalk length, stalk diameter and brix % 10th at month stage. These traits play a greater role as an important contributing character for higher cane yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed that cane yield was shown by commercial cane sugar % at 10th month stage followed by commercial cane sugar (t/ha), sucrose % 12th at month stage, number of millable canes at harvest, single cane weight and stalk length had highest positive direct effect on cane yield. Therefore, in order to improve cane yield, effective selection can be accomplished for the characters having high direct effects. Based on D2 value, the clustering of 51 genotypes was carried out which resulted in 7 diverse clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance (86.81) was observed between cluster II and cluster III. Bi-parental mating or poly-cross method involving genotypes belonging to cluster II (Co 7717, CoH 110, CoH 167, CoS 767 ) and cluster III (12-41, 11-703, 12-184, 12-263, 12- 493, 12-521, Co 89003) may be utilized in the hybridization programme as crossing between diverse parents is likely to produce wide genetic variability among the progenies.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) genotypes for morpho-physiological traits under late sown condition(CCSHAU, 2019) Kiran; Solanki, Y.P.S.A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2017-18 at Experimental Area of Wheat and Barley section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), to determine the magnitude of variability for various morpho-physiological traits and seed vigour parameters and to study the character association and genetic divergence in wheat genotypes. The seed of all sixty genotypes were grown in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Each plot comprising six rows of 6m length with line to line distance 18 cm in every replication. Sowing of wheat was done under late sown condition i.e. on first fortnight of December. Data of various contrasting character namely days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, canopy temperature at heading and after anthesis, grain growth rate (14, 21, 28 days after anthesis), plant height, peduncle length, peduncle extrusion, number of effective tillers m-1, spike length, spikelet spike-1, no. of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield plot-1, biological yield plot-1, harvest index, standard germination, seed density, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and II were analysed. The analysis of variance uncovered exceptionally huge contrasts among the genotypes for all the traits, demonstrating a wide range of variation existing in the material studied. Most astounding values for phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance recorded for grain growth rate at 28 days after anthesis and seedling vigour index II, moderate PCV and GCV were accounted for grain yield plot-1, grain growth rate at 21 days after anthesis, seed density, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index I though spike length, biological yield plot-1 and harvest index had moderate PCV with low GCV values. The maximum value for heritability (broad sense) was found for seed vigour index II persued by seed density, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I, seedling length, grain spike-1, days to anthesis, peduncle extrusion, spikelets spike-1, peduncle length, effective tillers m-1 and plant height whereas, grain yield plot-1 had moderately high heritability. Grain yield plot-1 was significant positively correlated with grain growth rate at 14 days after anthesis, effective tiller m-1, spike length, grain spike-1, biological yield, 1000 grain weight, harvest index and seedling vigour index I. Similarly, positive significant correlation was observed between standard germination and seedling density, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I, seedling vigour index II and 1000 grain weight. The biological yield showed highest direct and positive effect on grain yield, followed by harvest index, days to anthesis, grain growth rate at 28 days after anthesis, canopy temperature at heading, plant height, effective tiller m-1, peduncle extrusion, grain spike-1 and 1000 grain weight. Spike length and spikeletes spike-1 had direct negative effect on grain yield plot-1 but they had high indirect positive effect via biological yield. Cluster analysis (Wards minimum method) divided the sixty genotypes into seven clusters. The cluster II & VI was the largest cluster consisting of 14 genotypes followed by cluster III (10 genotypes), IV (9 genotypes) and V (5 genotypes) and I &VII (4 genotypes each). The intra-cluster distance ranged from 5.437 (II) to 6.398 (V), indicating considerable diversity between different clusters. Highest inter-cluster D 2 values were obtained between cluster I&V (10.386) and cluster I & VII (9.724). Genotypes selected from these cluster may be used in hybridization programme because divergent parents are likely to produce wide variability and transgressive segregants with high heterotic effect.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular and morphological characterization of wheat genotypes under late sown conditions(CCSHAU, 2019) Samita; Mukesh KumarThe present study was undertaken for ―Molecular and morphological characterization of wheat genotypes under late sown conditions‖. The experimental material for the present investigation comprised of 60 advance lines of wheat with four late sown standard checks (WH1124, WH1021, HD3059, DBW90). The present investigation was done to assess the genetic diversity of 64 genotypes of bread wheat under late sown conditions based on the morphological and molecular markers. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits studied under heat stress. The correlation studies reveal highly significant positive association of grain yield per plot with all the important yield contributing and heat tolerance traits. The path-coefficient analysis suggested the importance of biological yield per plot and harvest index as they exhibited high positive direct effects on grain yield per plot. The genetic diversity analysis classified 64 genotypes into ten clusters containing 1 to 14 genotypes. The cluster V was the largest (14) followed by cluster II (10). The use of genotypes from cluster V would be useful under late sown conditions. A total of 43 heat tolerance specific SSR markers were used to study diversity in genotypes; only 24 markers had shown polymorphism with 67 alleles. The PIC value varied from 0.171 to 0.744. The dendrogram obtained from polymorphic markers using NTSYS-pc software revealed that 64 genotypes were classified in to nine different clusters. These 24 SSR markers were validated for heat tolerance in different genetic backgrounds and could be utilized for marker assisted selection for screening germplasm and breeding for heat tolerant genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Fertility restoration and heterosis studies in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](CCSHAU, 2019) Madankar Kartik Sahadeo; Pahuja, S.K.Twenty five germplasm lines were crossed with three cytoplasmic male sterile lines of A1 cytoplasm, namely, HMS 41A, HMS 42A and ICMA 97444 in line x tester fashion to produce 75 hybrids. These hybrids were evaluated along with parents and check (HHB 299) in RBD in two replications during kharif 2018 in Research Area of Bajra Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The objectives of present investigation were to study fertility restoration, combining ability, heterosis, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis. Observations were recorded on ten characters viz., days to 50 % flowering, panicle length, panicle diameter, number of productive tillers per plant, plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, dry fodder yield, pollen shedding score and self seed set under bag (%). The charecters self seed set under bag (%) and pollen shedding score were used to study fertility restoration and remaining characters were used to study combining ability, heterosis, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis. Fertility restoration studies revealed that for CMS line HMS 41A, 12 pollinators behaved as strong restorers and for HMS 42A and ICMA 97444, eight pollinators each behaved as strong restorers. The nine, twelve and thirteen pollinators behaved as restorer for all three CMS lines viz., HMS 41A, HMS 42A and ICMA 97444, respectively. Only one pollinator behaved as partial restorer for all the three male sterile lines. Similarly, only one pollinator acted as partial maintainer for all male sterile lines except ICMA 97444, whereas two pollinators behaved as partial maintainers. In case of HMS 41A, only one pollinator was categorized as maintainer. While for HMS 42A, three pollinators and for ICMA 97444 one pollinator categorized as maintainer. Four pollinators behaved as strong restorers, six as restorers, one each as partial restorer and maintainer for all the three male sterile lines viz., HMS 41A, HMS 42A and ICMA 97444. These results indicated the scope of developing common restorer and maintainer for hybrids developed through all the three male sterile lines or any two lines. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. All the characters showed higher proportion of SCA variance than GCA variance suggesting the predominance of non-additive gene action. Among the parents, the tester HMS 42A and the line HR-16-1098 were the best general combiners with significant GCA effects for grain yield. In case of hybrids, the hybrid ICMA 97444 × EMRLT-14-243 was an observed the best specific combination for grain yield giving 42.35 % standard heterosis. Six hybrids viz., HMS 41A × HR-97, HMS 42A × HR-687/688, HMS 42A × EMRLT-14-229, HMS 42A × EMRLT-14-127, ICMA 97444 × EMRLT-14-243 and ICMA 97444 × EMRLT-14-103 displayed significant standard heterosis over standard hybrid checks HHB 299 i.e. 17.18 %, 31.64 %, 23.12 %, 21.97 %, 42.35 %, 16.24 %, respectively. The estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed high to moderate for all characters studied. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that panicle length, panicle diameter, productive tillers per plant, plant height, 1000 grain weight and dry fodder yield exhibited significant positive association with grain yield and the character, days to 50 % flowering exhibited significant negative association with grain yield. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, dry fodder yield, 1000 grain weight, panicle length and panicle diameter exhibited the highest positive direct effects on grain yield.ThesisItem Open Access Determination of genetic diversity among progenies of spontaneous mutant of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus ssp. culinaris) variety DPL 62(CCSHAU, 2019) Yadav, Sunaina; Yadav, RajeshFifty six mutant lines derived from progenies of a spontaneous mutant of lentil variety DPL 62 along with four checks were evaluated for morphological and yield traits during rabi 2017-18 to ascertain genetic variability, correlations, path co-efficients genetic divergence. Significant amount of variability was observed for almost all the traits except stem anthocyanin colouration and leaf pubesence and the genotypes were characterized and categorized as per DUS guidelines. High PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for peduncle length, number of pods per plant, seed width, seed yield per plant suggesting that these traits are genetically controlled by additive gene action. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive association with number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant while number of pods per plant revealed highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight, number of branches per plant, days to maturity and leaflet breadth. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into eight distinct clusters and maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and cluster VII followed by cluster I and cluster V and cluster I and III. Genotypes grouped into cluster VII were found best for yield traits. Out of 50 SSR markers studied, 15 amplified and only two of them were found polymorphic. This may be due to mutation at the site of primer binding which did not amplify at that particular locus. Genotypes RKL 61F-2-15, RKL 58F-3715, RKL 1003-68G, Garima, RKL 1003-69G-A, RKL 23C-2741A and RKL 26C-345 were found promising for phenological yield traits and belonged to distant clusters. Therefore, these are expected to produce desirable transgressive segregants when used as parent in hybridization programme for lentil improvement.ThesisItem Open Access Characterisation of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for morphological and biochemical traits(CCSHAU, 2019) Pankaj; Phogat, D.S.Fifty six oat genotypes were evaluated for 28 morphological and biochemical traits to determine the effects and interrelationships among fodder and yield attributing traits of oats. The present investigation was conducted in randomized block design in three replications at the Research Farm of forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi 2017-18. The high significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters at genotypic level was shown by analyses of variance. The GCV and PCV revealed high level of difference for plant height, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, number of productive tillers/plant, seed crude protein and nitrogen content indicating the effect of environment on these traits. The high heritability was recorded for 100 seed weight followed by flag leaf length. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf: stem ratio, seed yield, 100-seed weight, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and nutrient content i.e., phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Positive and significant correlations of green fodder yield were recorded with dry matter yield, plant height, number of productive tillers/plant and total soluble sugars. Path coefficient analyses revealed that characters plant height, number of productive tillers/plant, dry matter yield and total soluble sugars had positive and direct effects on green fodder yield. The genetic diversity analysis grouped 56 oat genotypes into eight major clusters. The eleven principal components had eigen values more than one and overall explained 73.66% of the total included variability.
