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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetical, Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in Gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity analysis in F4 and F5 rust resistant-derived progenies of bread wheat using molecular markers(CCSHAU, 2018) Reena Rani; Punia, M.S.The present study was carried out for evaluation of F4 and F5 generation progenies derived from two crosses namely WH 1105 (resistant) x WH 711 (susceptible) and Raj 3765 (resistant) x WH 711 (susceptible) for identification of some better performing progenies for different traits along with yellow rust resistance. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Data were recorded for response to yellow rust along with various morphological traits including plant height, number of tillers/plant, ear length, ear weight, number of grains/ear, grain weight/ear, number of spikelets/ear, 100-grain weight, grain yield/plant, biological yield/plant and harvest index. On the basis of mean performance, a total of 23 progenies derived from cross WH 1105 x WH 711 and 35 progenies derived from cross Raj 3765 x WH 711, were found better performing than the superior parent for different traits along with yellow rust resistance. This suggests that these progenies may become future high yielding and yellow rust resistant varieties. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits studied among the progenies. The correlation studies reveal highly significant positive association of grain yield/plant with all the important yield contributing traits. The path-coefficient analysis suggested the importance of biological yield/plant and harvest index as they exhibited high positive direct effects on grain yield/plant. The F4 generation progenies showed highly significant and positive intergeneration correlation and regression with F5 generation progenies for all the characters which concluded that the performance of progenies in F4 generation is a reliable indicator of the performance of progenies in subsequent generations. Narrow sense heritability based on parent offspring regression coefficient was high for number of grains/ear, grain weight/ear and grain yield/plant which implied that these traits may be given attention during selection. D2 analysis grouped the F4 and F5 generation progenies derived from both the crosses into different groups. The traits viz., number of grains/ear, grain weight/ear, number of tillers/plant and number of spikelets/ear contributed more than 60% per cent towards total divergence. Principal component analysis revealed that first five components accounting for more than 80% of the total variance. PC1 and PC2 contributing more to the total variation among progenies, were attributed to discriminatory traits such as number of spikelets/ear, ear length, 100-grain weight, grain yield/plant and grain weight/ear and, therefore, can be regarded as grain yield factors cumulatively. Total 100 SSR markers (including Yr specific primers) were used to detect parental polymorphism, out of which, 92 SSRs showed amplification in parental genotypes, WH 1105 and WH 711. 33 SSR markers were found polymorphic and the remaining 59 produced monomorphic bands. While 90 SSRs showed amplification in parental genotypes, RAJ 3765 and WH 711, of which, 31 SSRs were found polymorphic and the rest 59 were found monomorphic. It was confirmed by NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree and dendrogram that two parents were genetically diverse and the progeny lines were interspersed between the two parents for yellow rust in both the crosses.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic divergence, stability, heterosis and combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Sachin Kumari; Sheoran, R.K.The present study entitled “Studies on genetic divergence, stability, heterosis and combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” was undertaken to estimate genetic divergence, economic heterosis, combining ability with the objective of exploring possibilities of their commercial utilization and stability analysis in four different environments. The material for the present investigation comprised of seventy five hybrids developed by making crosses between fifteen female parents (lines) and five male parents (testers) in line x testers mating design along with one standard checks (HSFH 848). The crosses were made at research area of Oilseed Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during the spring season of 2014. Hybrids and parents were evaluated under four different environments i.e. Summer 2014, last week of August (E1) and First week of Sept. (E2) and during spring 2015, i.e. first week of February (E3) and last week of February (E4). Data on five randomly selected plants from each genotype in each replication were recorded on different quantitative characters viz. plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), stem diameter (cm) days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, hundred seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), oil content (%), hull content (%), percent seed filling, germination (%), electrical conductivity (μScm-1g-1), viability (%), vigour index I, vigour index II, palmitic acid (%), stearic acid (%), oleic acid (%) and linoleic acid (%) in all the test environments. Based on Euclidean minimum distance, all the genotypes were grouped into six clusters which showed the presence of enough amount of genetic diversity in the present material. The cluster IV was having highest numbers of genotypes followed by clusters V,I,VI, II, III .The intra-cluster distances were less than that of inter cluster distances which showed that there was narrow genetic variation within the clusters while there was maximum genetic variation in between the clusters. Hybrids CMS 207 A x HRHA 5-3, CMS 852 A x RHA 271, CMS 207 A x RHA 297, CMS 234 A x 6D-1 and CMS 207 A x 6D-1 were found better and superior for stability, combining ability and heterosis studies for seed yield and its contributing trait and also for oil content. The combining ability analysis revealed that non- additive variance in the expression of all the traits. Among lines CMS 207 A, CMS 148 A, CMSH 91 A, CMS 17A and testers RHA 271 and HRHA 5-3 were the good general combiners. The hybrids with good heterotic value, good GCA, SCA and better value of stability could be directly used for heterosis breeding because of their dominant nature. The use of genotypes in hybridization from these results is likely to produce more heterotic combination in future.ThesisItem Open Access Stability and correlation studies for yield and seed developmental traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Pinki; Siwach, S.S.The present investigation entitled “Stability and Correlation Studies for Yield and Seed Developmental Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” were evaluated in three varieties H 1098 – I, H 1300 and H 1316 under six environments (three sowing periods i.e. early, normal and late sown conditions in year 2015 & 2016). Observations were recorded for seed quality traits, biochemical traits, fiber quality traits, seed cotton yield component traits and meteorological parameters. There were significant differences among the varieties for all traits in all the six environments. The early sown condition was best for high seed germination (%), high sugar (%), protein (%), oil (%) and low gossypol (%), high fiber quality traits, good boll retention (%) as well as for seed cotton yield traits. The time period between 2nd week of July to mid August was best for high seed germination. Seed germination (%) was negatively correlated with Tmax and sunshine hours while it was positively correlated with Tmin, RHm and RHe. and rainy days. Seed germination was positively correlated with vigor index- I and vigor index – II and with protein (%). Early sown conditions were good for desirable biochemical parameters. Fiber quality traits were least effected by environmental factors. Seed cotton yield per plant was significant and positively correlated with plant height, number of bolls per plant, number of seeds per boll, ginning outturn and lint yield per plant. High direct effect was observed for number of monopods / plant, number of seeds / boll, number of bolls / plant, ginning outturn, lint yield / plant and days to boll burstingThesisItem Open Access Molecular analysis of yr genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell)(CCSHAU, 2018) Pooja; Dhanda, S.SThe present investigation entitled “Molecular analysis of Yr genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell)”was conducted to evaluate 210 recombinant inbred lines of bread wheat to identify Yr genes using SSR markers, estimate variability and associations among the various traits. Medium to high values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for grain yield per plant and biological yield in both years indicating a high scope of selection for these traits followed by 100-grain weight, number of spikelets per ear, harvest index, days to heading and days to maturity. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with biological yield, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, ear length, number of spiklets per ear, plant height and number of grains per ear, whereas negative and significantly correlated with days to heading in both years.Biological yield and harvest index had high direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plant over the years, indicating the true relationships with grain yield, in this set of material. Fifteen, out of 70 SSR markers used were found polymorphic in parental genotypes and in RILs. The gene Yr7, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr47 and Yr53 were linked to yellow rust resistance in the present investigation. The RIL No. 52 with 4 Yr genes (Yr7,Yr36,Yr47,Yr53) had better performance for the traits loaded on PC-2, namely grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant and showed 4 Yr genes (Yr7,Yr36,Yr47,Yr53). This line was also better than overall mean for grain yield and its components. The lines viz, RIL No. 13, 24, 31, 120, 121, 134 showed a desirable combination of the traits loaded on PC-1 and PC-2, namely grain yield per plant, biological yield and number of tillers per plant and complemented with disease resistance. Among these lines, RIL No. 24, 121 had 2 Yr genes (Yr18,Yr26, Yr7,Yr47). The RIL No. 117, 25, 12, 15 had better performance for the traits loaded on PC-1, namely grain yield, biological yield and ear length and showed 2 Yr genes out of Yr7,Yr47, Yr18,Yr36, Yr26,Yr29, Yr26,Yr29 observed in the present study. The RIL Nos. 12, 15, 25 were also showed better performance than mean values in terms of grain yield and its components.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of segregating generations for yellow rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2018) Gangopadhyay, Shipra; Panwar, I.S.In the present study entitled ―Genetic analysis of segregating generations for yellow rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)‖, the cross WH1105 x WH711 derived F2, F3, BC1F2 and BC1F3 generations were evaluated for inheritance studies and molecular aspects of yellow rust resistance and genetics of quantitative traits including grain yield and its component traits. The experiments were conducted at the research area of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India during two successive years of Rabi seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16. The field results have shown that inheritance of yellow rust was governed by two dominant genes. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all traits studied. The C-scale was significant for all of characters indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions. Preponderance of additive component was recorded for all the characters, except spike weight (g) over the dominance component. Additive x additive (i) and dominant x dominant (l) type of interactions were reported significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was recorded for number of tillers per plant, grain yield per plant (g) and biological yield per plant (g). Grain yield per plant (g) showed significant positive correlations with number of tillers per plant, spike length (cm), spike weight (g), number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%). Path analysis revealed that the biological yield per plant (g) had highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant (g) followed by harvest index (%) and number of tillers per plant. Out of the 210 primers, 70 primers (including eight Yr specific primers) were found polymorphic and 140 primers were monomorphic. The size of PCR amplified products ranged from 119 bp (Xgwm133) to 290 bp (Xgwm359). The molecular size difference between the smallest and the largest allele at a SSR locus varied from 7 bp (Xgwm11) to 35 bp (Xbarc1152). It was confirmed by NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree and dendrogram that two parents (WH1105 and WH711) were most genetically diverse and the progeny lines were interspersed between the two parents for yellow rust.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity and effects of selective intermating on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Panwar, I.S.The present investigation “Genetic diversity and effects of selective intermating on genetic variability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)” was conducted to evaluate 75 bread wheat genotypes to assess magnitude of genetic diversity among wheat germplasm lines for grain yield, its components and quality traits. The character association for yield and quality traits was also studied. Analysis of variance revealed considerable amount of variability among genotypes for most of the characters under study. Sedimentation value followed by grain yield per plot, and harvest index exhibited high GCV. The differences between GCV and PCV values were minimum for most of characters which show least environmental influence. Heritability estimates were high for all the characters except plant height (cm), number of effective tillers per meter, number of grains per ear, biological yield per plot(g), harvest index (%). Sedimentation value (ml) followed by grain yield per plot (g) exhibited high genetic advance as per cent of mean alongwith high heritability estimates. The grain yield per plot showed significant and positive correlation with number of effective tillers per meter, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plot and harvest index and significant negative correlation with canopy temperature (post-anthesis 7 and post-anthesis 21 days) in normal as well as heat stress environment. Harvest index, biological yield per plot (g), effective tillers per meter in both normal and heat stress environment had positive direct effect on grain yield. So, direct selection for these traits will be effective to increase the grain yield. On the basis of Euclidean cluster analysis, 75 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters in both the environments, which indicated the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes studied. Cluster II and cluster IX showed maximum genetic divergence in both the environments and also having higher mean values for important yield traits and thus involving genotypes of cluster II and cluster IX in hydbridization programme is advocated in order to achieve high yielding segregants. Second experiment aimed at comparing the variability under different systems of selective intermating. On comparison of the selective intermated populations and F2 populations of two crosses Cross I (WH542/WH1080) and Cross II (WH1105/RAJ3765//WH283) the higher mean values were obtained in all selected intermated populations SIM-I, SIM-II and SIM-III in order and wider range values for genetic variability in SIM-III compared to F2 populations of two crosses for most of the characters studied which might be due to additional variability released by selective intermating accumulating favourable genes. The efficiency of intermating over F2 was witnessed in this investigation in terms of days to heading, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per ear,1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g) and grain yield per plant (g) and other yield related traits. The wider range accompanied by a higher values of mean, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean for biological yield per plant(g) and grain yield per plant(g) in selective intermated populations provides opportunity for further selection in intermated populations for further yield improvement in bread wheat.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of spike morphology and grain yield component traits in Triticum aestivum L. em Thell(CCSHAU, 2011) Pawan Kumar; Yadav, Ramesh KumarThe present investigation comprising six generation (Parents, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of five crosses wheat viz. HJP81 x Rm-Ts17, HS27 x PBW502, HJP81 x PBW502, HS67 x PBW502, HG2 x HD2009M was conducted for estimating the gene effects for the spike morphology and yield component traits under two successive growing seasons (2008-09 and 2009-10) for fifteen spike morphological and yield component traits at the experimental area of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for most of the characters indicating thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. In some of the cases, the non-significance of chi-square value indicated the fitness for additive-dominance model. Additive component was significant for most of the characters and even as preponderant in magnitude over the dominance component. Either all or any of the three types of epistatic interactions (i, j and 1) were significant for most of the cases and generally it is the “i" type of interaction which is more frequently prevailing for most of the traits studied over the crosses. However, the magnitude and direction of estimates changed for the cross and the seasons. Additive x additive type of interaction with overdominance was recorded for peduncle length in cross-II, where the chance of transgressive segregates was high. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for plant height, peduncle length, spike length, spike compactness, spike biomass, 100 kernel weight, grain: spike biomass ratio and grain yield per plant. Complementary type of interaction was recorded for peduncle length, spike biomass, 100 kernel weights and days to heading. Significant heterosis was observed for plant height, peduncle length, spike length, grain: spike biomass ratio, grain yield per plant and days to heading. The magnitude and direction of heterosis was varying from cross to cross over both seasons, however, the inbreeding depression was also indicated as positive and significant in most cases. The potence ratio in F1 and F2 depicted the partial and over dominance was shown by all the traits under study. Genetic variability was estimated by GCV and PCV indicated maximum diversity for the cross-I followed by cross-IV, II, III and V. The genetic similarity coefficient analysis showed that extensive genetic diversity (from 26% to 93%) was present among parental genotypes. In cross-HJP81 x Rm-Ts17 the dendrogram constructed and clustered in six major groups. The hierarchical cluster analysis for cross-IV revealed that the F2 populations along with their parents were mainly divided into two major clusters and eight subgroups. Similar finding were revealed by PCA analysis. The F2 population SSR maker data for C-I and C-IV were subjected for the QTL analysis by WinQTL-Cartographer. Five QTL were detected for spike biomass at map positions, 88.1 (1A), 33.2(1B), 111.7(2D), 46.6(5A) and 97.8(5A) by SSR marker BARC263, BARC187, WMC601, XGWM443 and WMC475 respectively. Four QTL were detected for kernel weight per spike at map positions, 100.8 (1A), 45.9 (1B), 45.1 (5A), 103.0 (5A) by SSR marker WMC254, WMC416, XGWM443 and WMC110. These QTLs may be used for further improvement of the traits they represent.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics and molecular studies for Alternaria blight, seed yield, its component characters in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.](CCSHAU, 2017) Geeta Devi; Thakral, N.K.Alternaria blight is one of the major biotic stresses in Indian mustard and reduces yield by 32-38% worldwide. The present study was undertaken with the objectives (i) To study the nature and magnitude of gene effects responsible for seed yield, its component characters, and Alternaria blight. (ii) To determine general and specific combining ability effects for different traits. (iii) To study polymorphism in parents using molecular markers. To achieve these objectives, 13 Indian mustard genotypes were sown in oilseed research area during 2014-15 and develop 30 TTC families during 2015-16 in RBD with 3 replications in triple test cross mating design. Observations were recorded on 12 morphological parameters. For second experiment (line x tester) 13 Indian mustard genotypes were sown during 2014-15 and develop 30 crosses during 2015-16 in RBD with 3 replications. Observations were recorded on 11 morphological parameters. SSR analysis was also carried out using 105 primers. ANOVA revealed significant differences among 13 genotypes for all the traits studied. Based upon triple test cross analysis all characters are studied were observed to posses epistasis, in both the environments except number of seeds per siliqua and oil content in late sown condition. Days to maturity, main shoot length, number of siliquae on main shoot, siliqua length, no of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight and oil content in both the environments, plant height, no. of primary branches and Alternaria blight intensities under late sown environment are governed by the additive gene effects. In contrast, no. of secondary branches and seed yield per plant in both the environments, no. of primary branches and Alternaria blight intensities in timely sown environment are controlled by the dominance gene effects. On the basic of line x tester analysis mean squares due to crosses were also significant for all the traits which depicted presence of heterosis for all the traits, except for number of seeds per siliquae and oil content. Main shoot length, siliquae on main shoot and seed yield per plant are controlled by additive genetic variance which revealed that these traits may be used for selection. Plant height, days to maturity, no of primary branches, no. of secondary branches, siliqua length, no of siliqua on main shoot, no of seed per siliquae and oil content are govrned by dominant genetic variance. GCA effects revealed that RH9304 and RH 1378 were good general combiner for majority of the characters. High GCA effects are related to additive gene effects or additive x additive interaction which represent the fixable genetic component of variation. Hence these parents could be efficiently used for exploiting seed yield. For seed yield the crosses RH1368 x RH1372, RH0923 x RH1371 and NPJ112 x RH1378 were identified as promising on the basis of their high per se performance, along with high significant SCA effects and these crosses are capable of producing progenies with high transgressive effects. These crosses could be extensively used in breeding programme to develop superior segregants could be derived in further breeding programmes. Molecular analysis was done using 105 SSR primers and 39 primers showed polymorphism. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree analysis led to the grouping of sixteen genotypes into two major clusters with similarity index 0.55. Out of 105 primers, primer ENA2 have maximum PIC value and indicating that this primer show maximum contribution for diversity analysis.