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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetics and molecular studies for Alternaria blight, seed yield, its component characters in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.](CCSHAU, 2017) Geeta Devi; Thakral, N.K.Alternaria blight is one of the major biotic stresses in Indian mustard and reduces yield by 32-38% worldwide. The present study was undertaken with the objectives (i) To study the nature and magnitude of gene effects responsible for seed yield, its component characters, and Alternaria blight. (ii) To determine general and specific combining ability effects for different traits. (iii) To study polymorphism in parents using molecular markers. To achieve these objectives, 13 Indian mustard genotypes were sown in oilseed research area during 2014-15 and develop 30 TTC families during 2015-16 in RBD with 3 replications in triple test cross mating design. Observations were recorded on 12 morphological parameters. For second experiment (line x tester) 13 Indian mustard genotypes were sown during 2014-15 and develop 30 crosses during 2015-16 in RBD with 3 replications. Observations were recorded on 11 morphological parameters. SSR analysis was also carried out using 105 primers. ANOVA revealed significant differences among 13 genotypes for all the traits studied. Based upon triple test cross analysis all characters are studied were observed to posses epistasis, in both the environments except number of seeds per siliqua and oil content in late sown condition. Days to maturity, main shoot length, number of siliquae on main shoot, siliqua length, no of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight and oil content in both the environments, plant height, no. of primary branches and Alternaria blight intensities under late sown environment are governed by the additive gene effects. In contrast, no. of secondary branches and seed yield per plant in both the environments, no. of primary branches and Alternaria blight intensities in timely sown environment are controlled by the dominance gene effects. On the basic of line x tester analysis mean squares due to crosses were also significant for all the traits which depicted presence of heterosis for all the traits, except for number of seeds per siliquae and oil content. Main shoot length, siliquae on main shoot and seed yield per plant are controlled by additive genetic variance which revealed that these traits may be used for selection. Plant height, days to maturity, no of primary branches, no. of secondary branches, siliqua length, no of siliqua on main shoot, no of seed per siliquae and oil content are govrned by dominant genetic variance. GCA effects revealed that RH9304 and RH 1378 were good general combiner for majority of the characters. High GCA effects are related to additive gene effects or additive x additive interaction which represent the fixable genetic component of variation. Hence these parents could be efficiently used for exploiting seed yield. For seed yield the crosses RH1368 x RH1372, RH0923 x RH1371 and NPJ112 x RH1378 were identified as promising on the basis of their high per se performance, along with high significant SCA effects and these crosses are capable of producing progenies with high transgressive effects. These crosses could be extensively used in breeding programme to develop superior segregants could be derived in further breeding programmes. Molecular analysis was done using 105 SSR primers and 39 primers showed polymorphism. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree analysis led to the grouping of sixteen genotypes into two major clusters with similarity index 0.55. Out of 105 primers, primer ENA2 have maximum PIC value and indicating that this primer show maximum contribution for diversity analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity analysis for heat tolerance in wheat [Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell](CCSHAU, 2017) Neeru; Panwar, I.S.The present investigation entitled Genetic Diversity Analysis for Heat Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)” was conducted on 592 accessions of wheat during 2014-15 at IIWBR, Karnal and on sixty genotypes of wheat during 2016-17 to evaluate genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence for the identification of most diverse and promising genotypes. Observations were recorded on various morphological and physiological characters. A considerable amount of genetic variability was observed among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. From principal component analysis (PCA) the first six components account for more than 65% of the total variance among the germplasm were found. Grain yield per meter and effective tillers per meter showed moderate value of PCV and GCV under both timely and late sown condition. Above mentioned traits also showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Grain yield showed positive and significant correlation with effective tillers per meter, canopy temperature under timely sown and with days to anthesis, plant height, effective tillers per meter, canopy temperature and grain weight under late sown condition. Path analysis revealed that effective tillers per meter had highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by days to anthesis, grain weight, canopy temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence under both the conditions. D2 analysis grouped 60 genotypes into7 clusters for both timely and late sown conditions. Cluster IV and VII under timely cluster I and VI under late sown condition exhibited maximum inter cluster distance. Therefore, genotypes in these clusters may be used to produce the superior progenies and transgressive segregants. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree as well as two and three dimensional PCA analysis led to the grouping of 30 genotypes into two groups at similarity index of 0.67. The group I was very large and include 29 genotypes while group II includes only one genotype (ATLAS 66) which indicates that this genotype was highly diverged with respect to other genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Genotyping and phenotyping of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.] hybrids and their parental lines(CCSHAU, 2017) Suman; Chhabra, A.K.Present study was carried out to characterize pearlmillet hybrids and their parental lines and resemblance between hybrids and their parents. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] was studied using 28 morpho-agronomic traits (15 qualitative and 13 quantitative) and 47 SSR markers. Significant mean sum of squares indicated sufficient variation in the lines. Correlation coefficient analysis during 2011-12 revealed that leaf sheath length, leaf blade length, leaf blade width, number of nodes/ plant, spike length, spike girth, number of productive tillers/ plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder weight, dry fodder weight have positive and significant correlation with grain yield and during 2012-13, leaf sheath length, leaf blade length, number of nodes/ plant, spike girth, plant height, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder weight and dry fodder weight have positive and significant correlation with grain yield. Resemblance between hybrids and their parents was higher at molecular level than morphological level. Genotyping with 14 polymorphic markers revealed that Xipcs is highly informative primer as it had highest PIC value (0.49) followed by Xpsmp 2089 (0.48).ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization and inheritance of yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Jagdale, Vijay Rajaram; Punia, M.S.The present investigation entitled “Molecular characterization and inheritance of yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)”, was consisted of six generations i.e. parents (P1 and P2), F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 of eight crosses viz., DBW 17 x WH 1105, DBW 17 x RAJ 3765, DBW 17 x WH 1021, DBW 17 x WH 542, LASSIK x WH 542, LASSIK x WH 1021, LASSIK x RAJ 3765 and LASSIK x WH 1105 to study the inheritance and molecular aspects of yellow rust resistance and genetics of quantitative traits including grain yield and its component traits. The experiments were conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India during two successive years of Rabi seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16. The field results have shown that inheritance of yellow rust was governed by two dominant genes which were also confirmed by SSR marker analysis. It has been observed that there was a strong association between field results for inheritance of yellow rust and SSR marker studied. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all traits studied. The C and D scales were also significant for most of the characters indicating thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additive component was significant for most of the characters and even as preponderant in magnitude over the dominance component. Additive x additive (i), additive x dominance (j) and dominant x dominant (l) type of interaction were reported significant for most of the characters. However, the magnitude and direction of the different gene effect estimates were changing from cross to cross. Additive component was found significant for most of the characters, however, dominance gene effects were also found significant for some characters. Duplicate type of interaction was recorded for the characters viz., spike weight and number of grains per spike in the cross DBW 17 x WH 1105, number of tillers per plant and number of grains per spike in the cross DBW 17 x RAJ 3765, number of tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant in the cross DBW 17 x WH 1021, spike weight, number of spikelets per spike, grain yield per plant and biological yield pre plant in the cross DBW 17 x WH 542, spike weight in the cross LASSIK x WH 542, plant height and number of spikelets per spike in the cross LASSIK x WH 1021, plant height, spike length and number of grains per spike in the cross LASSIK x RAJ 3765 and spike length in the cross LASSIK x WH 1105. The differences between GCV and PCV values were less which showed least influence of environment. Grain yield per plant showed significant positive correlations with spike length, spike weight, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant. Total 136 SSR primers were used in the present study. Out of the 136 primers, 44 primers (including 12 Yr specific primers) were found to be polymorphic and 83 primers were monomorphic and 9 primers did not show amplification. It was confirmed by NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree and dendrogram that two parents were most genetically diverse and the progeny lines were interspersed between the two parents for yellow rust in all the crosses.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on heterosis, combining ability of yield, its attributes, fibre properties and molecular diversity in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Lingaraja L.; Sangwan, R.S.The present investigation was carried out with the aim to estimate the heterosis, combining ability and molecular diversity. The GCA of the parents and SCA of hybrids considered for the development of high yielding and better quality cultivars. 19 parents and 60 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 15 lines and 4 testers in line x tester mating design during kharif 2014. These materials were sown in randomized block design in kharif 2015 at Cotton Research area, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, India. Combining ability analysis indicated that both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of all the traits. The studies on GCA of parents revealed that the lines H1442 was a good general combiner for seed cotton yield, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of monopodia per plant, plant height, 2.5% span length and fibre strength. Among the testers, H1098-i was a good general combiner for seed cotton yield, number of bolls per plant and boll weight, number of seeds/boll, 2.5% span length, fibre strength and micronaire value. The crosses RS875 x H1098-i, H1316 x H1236 and LH2306 X H1098-i exhibited positive significant SCA effects for number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant. The heterosis revealed that the better performing hybrids, H1316 X H1236, H1442 X H1226 and H1316 X H1098-i for seed cotton yield and its components traits like number of bolls, boll weight, number of monopods. So these crosses could be exploited to improve the yield along with one or more yield contributing traits through heterosis breeding. The Diversity analysis revealed that among parents was estimated through molecular approach. The 19 parents altogether shared 57% similarity on the basis of simple matching coefficient. Among parents H1226 was the most diverse followed by H1200, H1117 and RS875. maximum similarity coefficient of 0.93 was observed between H1442 and H1442-1 which indicated these genotypes derived from same parent.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity, combining ability analysis and standard heterosis for yield and quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Sukhdeep Singh; Siwach, S.S.The present study comprised eighty Gossypium hirsutum L. genotypes viz., sixty hybrids, their parents (i.e. four males and fifteen females) and one check hybrid HHH 223. The crosses were attempted in Line x Tester mating design during kharif 2014. All the hybrids along with parents and check were grown in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2015 at cotton research area, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Observations were recorded for sixteen characters namely, days to first flower, plant height (cm), number of monopods per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), number of seeds per boll, seed cotton yield per plant (g), lint yield per plant (g), ginning out turn (%), seed index (g), lint index (g), 2.5% span length (mm), fibre uniformity (%), fibre strength (g/tex) and micronaire value (g/inch). Among parents, H1470 and H1464 were the best general combiners for seed cotton yield and its components traits; H1098-i for fibre quality traits. The best specific combinations were AC726 x H1236 and H1476 x H1226 for seed cotton yield. These crosses were combination of both good combining parent, indicating that additive variance were important for this character. For the fibre quality parameters, the hybrid HR1 x H1117 (poor x good GCA) found highest specific combining ability effect and indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive gene action. In hybrids, the highest heterosis was observed for number of monopods, seed cotton yield, boll number per plant and boll weight with values of 56.66%, 45.03%, 31.55% and 15.11%, respectively. The F1 hybrids viz; H1470 x H1236, H1470 x H1098-i and H1476 x H1226 were noticed as highest seed cotton yield, boll number per plant and boll weight. Cross combination H1464 x H1098-i was found heterotic for 2.5 % fibre length, fibre uniformity and fibre strength. The crosses H1470 x H1236, H1470 x H1098-i, H1476 x H1226 and AC726 x H1236 were recorded good heterosis for seed cotton yield i.e. high per se performance along with good SCA effects. Hence, these crosses demand their further testing in varying environments. The result has been discussed in the light of their usefulness in future breeding programs. One hundred and seventy three alleles were amplified by using 49 SSR primers. Primer BNL1721 have maximum PIC value (0.948) and indicating that this primer show maximum contribution for diversity analysis. Production of more than two SSR bands was a quite common phenomenon in the present study. The reason for usual production of multiple bands was assigning as either presence of SSR alleles with different molecular weight on A &D genome or on more than one linkage group. The NTSYS-pc UPGMA tree cluster analysis exhibited that nineteen parental genotypes were quit distinct. At 69 % similarity index, nineteen genotypes formed seven groups where four groups had single genotype each. The use of genotypes in hybridization from these different groups is likely to produce heterotic combination in future breeding program.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on molecular characterisation, heterosis and combining ability in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench](CCSHAU, 2017) Dehinwal, Ashok Kumar; Pahuja, S.K.The present study was undertaken to estimate economic heterosis, combining ability with the objective of exploring possibilities of its commercial utilization and stability analysis in four different environments. The material for the present investigation comprised of twenty four forage sorghum hybrids developed between six female parents (lines) and four male parents (testers) in line x testers mating design alongwith two standard checks (SSG 59-3 and MFSH 4). The crosses were made at research area of forage section, CCS HAU, Hisar during the kharif season of 2014-15. Hybrids and parents were evaluated at two locations i.e. research area of forage section, CCSHAU, Hisar and RRS Uchani, Karnal with two dates of sowing (Early and late sowing) during the kharif season of 2015-16. All the thirty six genotypes were grown in a randomized block design with three replications in a two-row plot of 4.0 m length. Data on five randomly taken plants from each genotype in each replication were recorded on different quantitative characters viz. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, stem diameter, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield, and different quality characters viz. TSS content, protein content, protein yield, IVDMD [(in vitro dry matter digestibility), dry matter digestibility (DDM) and HCN content in all the four environments. All data on these quantitative and quality characters were recorded at first cut (55 days after sowing) and second cut (45 days after first cut) separately in all the four environments. Out of 44 SSR primers twelve showed polymorphism. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree analysis led to the grouping of ten parental genotypes into two major clusters at similarity index 0.60 which were further divided to sub cluster I, II, and III. Early sowing at hisar (E1) and karnal (E2) were better environments for green and dry fodder yield than late sowing at hisar (E3) and karnal (E4). Hybrids 465A × HJ 513, 467A × G 46 and 9A ×IS 2389 recorded maximum green fodder yield. These hybrids were also good for dry fodder yield, leaf length, leaf breadth, protein yield, IVDMD and DDM. The combining ability analysis revealed that non- additive variance was more than additive variance in the expression of all the traits. Among female parents, 9A and 14A and among male parents, HJ 513 and G 46 were the good general combiners. Hence these may be used for future breeding. Hybrids 465A × G 46, 467A × IS 2389 and 31A × IS 2389 for green fodder yield and dry fodder yield were found stable, average responsive and suitable for all the test environments.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of advance inbred lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] for drought tolerance(CCSHAU, 2017) Jagdeep Singh; Chhabra, A.K.Fifty pearl millet inbred lines were used to study genetic variability and correlation analysis for Morpho-physiological characters namely leaf rolling, flag leaf area, flag leaf angle, number of tillers per plant, stem thickness, plant height, grain yield, dry fodder yield, days to 50 % flowering, panicle length, grain yield per panicle, grain volume, total panicle number per plant, grain mass (1000 grain wt.), grain number per panicle, drought response index (DRI), relative water content, drought susceptible index (DSI), canopy temperature, osmotic potential and chlorophyll fluorescence were studied. The pearl millet inbred lines were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications in two locations (Hisar and Bawal) in kharif 2013. Analysis of variance for all the characters under study showed significant differences indicating the presence of genetic variability among the inbreds lines. The genotypes were evaluated for 15 growth traits, yield components, and yield. All the quantitative traits varied significantly among the test genotypes. A wide range was observed for all variability parameters in characters studied which demonstrated presence of substantial variation among the inbred lines. A higher PCV of characters than its corresponding GCV suggested the role of environment in the expression of all these characters. High to moderate heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for dry fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant indicated additive gene action for these characters. Panicle length, stem thickness and 1000 grain weight having moderate heritability with moderate genetic advance indicated both additive and non-additive gene effects for these traits. High heritability, low genetic advance and low variability observed for days to 50% flowering indicated prevalence of non-additive gene action for this trait. The correlation study revealed that estimated genotypic correlations for most of the characters were greater than their phenotypic ones. This clearly indicated that number tiller per plant can be used as indirect selection criteria to increase the seed yield only at hisar location. A set of 50 SSR primers was also used for molecular diversity assessment in 50 pearl millet inbred lines. Mean allele per locus and PIC obtained was 4.54 and, 0.579 respectively. Cluster analysis distributed these genotypes into 11 clusters where 2 genotypes failed to fall in any of these clusters.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and molecular characterization in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Mamatha, N. C.; Tehlan, S.K.The present experiment entitled "Morphological and molecular characterization in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter season of 2014-15 and the molecular work was carried out in laboratory of the Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics during 2015-16. For morphological characterization, 150 fenugreek genotypes, which were collected from different regions, were sown in field following randomized block design with three replications. To study DUS characters, the genotypes were observed visually and categorized into different classes based on different morphological traits with the help of crop descriptors. It is concluded that the morphological traits like plant growth habit, plant growth pattern, leaf margin, leaf size, leaf tip shape, category of plant, leaf margin pigmentation, stem shape, flower color, pod color, pod curvature, pod shape, constrictions of pod between seeds, seed color, seed size and seed luster proved best for identification purpose, and from this, it is also evident that there was a sufficient diversity for these traits in genotypes under study. Variability studies reveal that there was a wide range of genetic diversity for yield and its attributing traits in 150 fenugreek genotypes, which were evaluated under field conditions. The genotypic as well as phenotypic correlations show that the yield per plant had significant and positive association with plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, pod length, pods per axis, pods per plant, seeds per pod and test weight. Path analysis reveals that the traits like plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod and test weight are important traits for crop improvement programme, as they directly contribute towards yield per plant. However, for more precise and accurate identification, the modern biotechnological tool like molecular markers could be utilized. RAPD and ISSR were employed to assess the genetic diversity in best performing 48 fenugreek genotypes, which were selected among 150 genotypes evaluated, which gave the clear picture of diversity existence in genotypes at genetic level as DNA markers are not influenced by environmental effects or plant growth stages, and both RAPD and ISSR markers proved best for assessing genetic diversity in fenugreek germplasm, which shows that the genotypes, which were used in the present study, could be utilized in further crop improvement programme.