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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of meteorological, remote sensing and dynamic simulation models in wheat under Hisar conditions(CCSHAU, 2013) Biswas, Barun; Ram NiwasField experiment entitled “Performance of Meteorological, Remote Sensing and Dynamic Simulation Models in Wheat under Hisar Conditions” was conducted during Rabi season (2010-11 and 2011-12) at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (29° 10 N, 75° 46 E and altitude 215.2 m). The experiment was comprised of three sowing dates main plot treatments namely (D1)-Early sowing on 5 November, (D2)-Timely sowing on 25 November and (D3)- Late sowing on 15 December; two sub plot treatments comprising two different cultivars viz. (V1)- WH711 and (V2)- DBW17; three sun-sub plot treatments of nitrogen doses viz. (N1)- 75% of the recommended dose, (N2)- 100% of the recommended dose and (N3)- 125% of the recommended dose. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. Different agrometeorological indices viz. GDD, HTU and PAU accumulation was significantly higher under early sowing date at all the phenopases in comparison to the other dates of sowing. The requirement of heat units were more in higher level of nitrogen application. Canopy reflectance of wheat crop was greatly influenced by date of sowing in both visible and infra-red bands. Green and IR reflectance were highest in 5 November sowing and in N1 nitrogen application. Different spectral indices (NDVI, GNDVI, RNDVI, PRI, SR, GVI and RVI) showed significant difference among crop under different growing environments and nitrogen levels. Above indices also indicated better crop growth and biomass production in early sowing and higher nitrogen fertilization. Different growing environment environments had affected wheat grain yield significantly and it was highest in 5 November sown crop. Nitrogen levels had also influenced the grain yield and produced highest grain yield in 125% nitrogen dose. The meteorological, spectral and integrated models developed using principal component analysis explained maximum variability in grain yield up to 98%. The crop parameters estimated by DSSAT model were closer to observed values as compared to the estimations by WOFOST model. However, the prediction made by integrated model was also closer to the actual values observed in the field. But such result was due to the fact that same data was used for prediction.ThesisItem Open Access Thermal Stress Management And Evaluation Of Ceres Model In Wheat Under Late Sown Conditions(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Mani, Jugal Kishor; Singh, RajThesisItem Open Access Effect Of Agrometeorological Parameters On Population Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton Under Different Environments(College Of Agriculture CCS Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2010) Kumar,Naresh.; Niwas,Ram.ThesisItem Open Access Impact analysis of seasonal climatic variability on rice productivity in eastern agroclimatic zone of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2010) Bemal, Suchandan; Diwan SinghThe present study “Impact analysis of seasonal climatic variability on rice productivity in eastern agroclimatic zone of Haryana” was undertaken to work out the climatic variability and trends at locations namely Ambala and Karnal and to have an idea of the probable impact of future trend scenarios for productivity of rice in eastern agroclimatic zone (main rice growing region of Haryana) using CERES-Rice model. Historical data (1977-2008) on weather and rice productivity for above two locations were collected. Analysis showed that maximum and minimum temperature variability has considerably increased during the period from 1997-2008 and that more so during winter season at both locations. The study revealed increase in rainfall during the south west monsoon season and increased variability in post monsoon rainfall at the both locations. Highest seasonal and monthly variability of solar radiation was observed in winter season and month of January, respectively at Ambala. The trend study for annual maximum temperature indicated an increase at Ambala while a decrease at Karnal. However as of recent past (1997-2008) the trend has reversed and indicated an increase of maximum temperature at both the places. The seasonal trends of maximum temperature at Ambala showed an increase during summer, south-west and post-monsoon seasons but decrease during winter. On the other hand at Karnal, a decreasing trend was observed during kharif and winter. Annual and seasonal (except summer) minimum temperature trend revealed a decrease at Ambala. The annual rainfall at Ambala showed an increasing trend but reverse trend was noted at Karnal. Annual Solar radiation trend was decreasing at the rate of 0.04 and 0.07 MJ/m2 at Ambala and Karnal, respectively. At Ambala, the maximum temperature and rainfall trend was increasing but at Karnal both the parameters showed decreasing trend during kharif seasons of 1977-2008. The kharif season rainfall variability was of greater proportion at Karnal than at Ambala. CERES-Rice model simulations with increase in maximum temperature of upto 1ºC above normal resulted in positive effect on rice productivity, However, the increase in minimum temperature event by 0.5ºC above normal caused loss in productivity at both the places. Further, the model projected a decrease of 19.0 and 16.9% in rice grain yield with increase of both maximum and minimum temperatures by 2.5°C above normal at Ambala and Karnal, respectively. The increase of either maximum or minimum temperature (upto 1°C) in conjunction with increment of carbon-dioxide concentration in atmosphere (upto 100 ppm) resulted in increase of rice productivity at both the locations. The rice grain yield simulations by CERES-Rice model with different temperature increments (either of maximum/minimum or combinations of two) accompanied by different CO2 concentrations suggested that the negative effect of incremental temperatures on rice productivity got marginalized with progressive increments of CO2 concentrations. The rainfall and solar radiation had positive relationship with rice productivity at both locations.ThesisItem Open Access Leaf curl virus disease in cotton in relation to microclimate under two growing environments(CCSHAU, 2012) Ved Prakash; Ram NiwasThe present investigatio n was undertake n for evaluation Leaf cur l virus disease in cotton in relatio n to mic roclimate unde r two growing e nviro nme nts . The mate r ials for the present investigation compr ised of 3 cotton cultivars, including two dates of sowing Viz. 30 th Apr il and 30 th May . The exper imental materials was grown at the Research Farm of the Depar tment of Genetics and Plant Breeding during Kharif 2011 in a factor ial randomized block design with four replications. The estimates of crop sown on 30 th April unde r protected (sprayed) conditio ns were the most ideal for control of leaf cur l virus disease. It exhibited stable per formance of the cultivar RASI 134 for dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number of branches and bolls plant - 1 , boll weight and seed cotton y ield also. Correlation study revealed that leaf curl virus disease was signif icantly and positivel y cor related with suns hine hours, vapour pressure def icit at evening and negativel y signif icant with minimum temperature, relative humidity at evening, wind speed and vapour pressure def icit at morning in both growing e nvironments. The regression analysis suggested that maximum var iability in leaf cur l virus disease can be explained upto 81 percent by vapour pressure def icit at morning for RASI 134 and accuracy could be improved with addition of wind speed. The inte nsity of leaf cur l disease was found in HS 6 as compared to MRC 6304 and RASI 134, due to succulent broad leaves and none of the genoty pes was resistant to leaf cur l virus disease.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seasonal climatic variability on wheat productivity in western agroclimatic zone of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2013) Kamlesh Kumar; Surender SinghThe present scientific investigation entitled ‘Effect of seasonal climatic variability on wheat productivity in western agroclimatic zone of Haryana’ was undertaken to work out the climatic variability and trends at two locations in western agroclimatic zone of Haryana viz., Hisar and Sirsa and to have an idea of the probable impact of future trend scenarios for productivity of wheat in the zone (main wheat growing region of Haryana) using CERES-Wheat model. Historical data (1977-2008) on weather and wheat productivity for above two locations were collected and considered or the study. Analysis of data indicated more variations in maximum temperature during the recent period (1997-08) with comparatively higher values of CV at Hisar (2.77%) and Sirsa (2.68%). Summer season’s maximum temperatures have also shown more fluctuations with higher CV values both at Hisar (14.55%) and Sirsa (15.87%). The mean minimum temperature (9.1 ºC) observed at Hisar during rabi season was lower than that observed at Sirsa (9.9ºC). In the recent past (1997-08) period, both maximum and minimum temperatures exhibited increasing trend in rabi season both at Hisar and Sirsa. However, the magnitude of increase in maximum (0.188ºC) and minimum temperatures (0.053ºC) at Hisar was more when compared with (0.102ºC) and (0.031ºC) at Sirsa, respectively. During rabi season, rainfall occurrence showed increasing trend both at Hisar and Sirsa during the entire period under study. However, in the recent past (1997-08), the rainfall activities during rabi season decreased @ 5.673 mm and 2.208 mm per year at Hisar and Sirsa, respectively. Sirsa received more rainfall (75.6 mm) than Hisar (54.9 mm) in rabi season during the entire period of study. The periodic rainfall ranged between 63.3 to 87.7 mm at Sirsa and 47.4 to 60.8 mm at Hisar in rabi season. CERES-Wheat model simulations with an increase in maximum temperature by 1.0ºC over normal value exhibited positive effect on wheat productivity coupled with elevated CO2 concentration upto 100 ppm above the 330 ppm CO2 level at both the locations projected by CERES-Wheat model. The model projected a maximum yield loss of 18.2 per cent at Hisar and 16.3 per cent at Sirsa with 2.5ºC increment above normal both in maximum and minimum temperature. During rabi season, both rainfall and solar radiation had positive effect on wheat productivity at both the locations. The model predicted yield reduction by 0.89, 1.97, 4.12 and 6.78 per cent from mean simulated yield, due to anticipated decrease in rainfall by 15, 30, 40 and 50 mm at Hisar during rabi season.ThesisItem Open Access Study of SW monsoon rainfall pattern in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2014) Sukhbir Singh; Surender SinghThe present scientific investigation entitled ‘Study of SW Monsoon rainfall pattern in Haryana’ was undertaken to analyze the monsoon rainfall behaviour during SW monsoon season and its impact on kharif crops productivity in Haryana. In Eastern Agroclimatic Zone, weekly mean maximum rainfall of 77.2 mm in 29th SMW, 69.9 mm in 28th SMW and 52.1 mm in 32nd SMW was observed at Ambala, Karnal and Sonepat, respectively whereas in Western Agroclimatic Zone, weekly mean maximum rainfall of 51.2 mm in 30th SMW, 40.4 mm in 29th SMW and 37.5 mm in 27th SMW was observed at Bawal, Hisar and Sirsa, respectively. In Eastern Agroclimatic Zone, monthly mean maximum rainfall of 290.6 mm (July), 208.6 mm (July) and 197.9 mm (August) was observed at Ambala, Karnal and Sonepat, respectively while in Western Agroclimatic Zone, monthly mean maximum rainfall of 179.9 mm (August), 130.2 mm (July) and 124.3mm (July) was observed at Bawal, Hisar and Sirsa, respectively. In Eastern Agroclimatic Zone, seasonal mean rainfall of 750.5 mm , 594.4 mm and 514.5 mm was observed at Ambala, Karnal and Sonepat, respectively and in Western Agroclimatic Zone, seasonal mean rainfall of 473.7 mm , 356.7 mm and 309.2 mm was observed at Bawal, Hisar and Sirsa, respectively. Seasonal average numbers of rainy days recorded were 29 at Amabla, 27 at Karnal and 24 at Sonepat (Eastern Zone).Whereas, there rainy days were 24 at Bawal, 19 at Hisar and 14 at Sirsa (Western Zone) observed during the entire period of study. Normal onset date for SW Monsoon was 29th June at Ambala and Karnal whereas, it was 30th June at Karnal (Eastern Zone). In Western Zone, the normal onset date of SW monsoon was observed at 30th June at Bawal, 1st July at Hisar and 3rd July at Sirsa. Average duration of SW monsoon was 76 days at Ambala & Karnal, 74 days in Sonepat (Eastern Zone); Whereas, this duration was 73 days at Bawal, 70 days at Hisar and 65 days at Sirsa (Western Zone). In the entire state of Haryana, four stations viz., Ambala, Bawal, Hisar and Sirsa exhibited increasing trend in rainfall @ 7.2 mm, 5.3 mm, 2.0 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively. Whereas, two stations viz., Karnal and Sonepat exhibited decreasing trend @ 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm per mm, respectively. Higher values of standard deviation and coefficient of variation on temporal and spatial scale exhibited highly variable rainfall in the netire state during the period under study. Correlation coefficient between seasonal monsoon rainfall and rice productivity attained was between 0.52 to 0.58 at all three stations and the comparatively lower ‘r’ value may be attributed to assured irrigation facilities in the Eastern Agroclimatic Zone. Correlation coefficient between seasonal monsoon rainfall and guar productivity attained was between 0.79 to 0.85 at all three stations and the comparatively higher ‘r’ values may be attributed priority to rainfed cultivation of guar entirely dependent on seasonal rains in the Western Agroclimatic Zone.ThesisItem Open Access Study on crop weather relationships in cotton hybrids(CCSHAU, 2014) Sharma, Abhijeet; Khichar, M.L.The study entitled „Study on crop weather relationships in cotton hybrids”was conducted at the research area of the Department of Agricultural meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the kharif season of 2013-14. The main plots treatments consisted of three date of sowing ( 4th week of April, 2nd week of May and 4th week of May) and the sub-plots consisted of three varieties (Two Bt cotton hybrids-Ankur 3028BG II, BIO 6588 BG II and one non Bt cotton hybrid HHH 223. The fifty four treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with three replications. The 4th week of April sown crop had highest thermal and radiation indices and TUE and RUE were also highest in this treatment as compared to 2nd week of May and 4th week of May sown crops, The transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (TPAR) was recorded lowest in D1 as compared to D2, and D3 treatments. All growth parameters, yield and yield attributes were found highest in 2nd week of May sown crop. Among cotton varieties, Ankur 3028BG II consumed highest heat units, heliothermal units, photothermal units and thermal interception rate as compared to BIO 6588 BG II and HHH 223 under different growing environments. The efficiency of PAR utilization for dry matter production was highest in Ankur 3028BG II at all phenophases. The efficiency of heat utilization was also more in Ankur 3028BG II as compared to BIO 6588 BG II and HHH 223 at all phenophases. The correlation and regression analysis were carried out to study the relationship between agrometeorological and crop parameters. Among the phenophses , the weather parameters during 50 per cent flowering were better associated with the crop parameters than those of other phenophase. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature and vapour pressure deficit showed a strong positive correlation with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant during boll opening stage, whereas morning and evening relative humidity showed negative correlation with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant during vegetative, flowering stage and boll opening stage. Among the agrometeorological indices, HTU were highly correlated with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant followed by PTU and HU. Among all weather parameters, maximum temperature during boll opening stage individually explained 92 per cent variability in seed cotton yield and yield attributes.ThesisItem Open Access Energy use efficiency of cotton cultivars under different growing environments(CCSHAU, 2014) Premdeep; Ram NiwasThe study entitled ‘Energy use efficiency of cotton cultivars under different growing environments’ was conducted at the research area of the Department of Agricultural meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the kharif season of 2013-14. The main plots treatments consisted of four date of sowing (2nd week of April (G1), 4th week of April (G2), 2nd week of May (G3) and 1st week of June (G4) and the sub-plots consisted of three varieties (HD 123, H 1098 and RASI 134). The forty eight treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with four replications. The 2nd week of April sown crop consumed highest thermal and radiation indices and heat and radiation use efficiency were also highest in this growing environment as compared to 4th week of April, 2nd week of May and 1st week of June sown crops, The transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (TPAR) was recorded lowest in G1 as compared to G2, G3 and G4 treatments. All growth parameters, yield and yield attributes were found highest in 2nd week of April sown crop. Among cotton varieties, RASI 134 consumed highest heat units, heliothermal units and photothermal units as compared to H 1098 and HD 123 under different growing environments. The efficiency of PAR utilization for dry matter production was highest in RASI 134 at all phenophases. The efficiency of heat utilization was also more in RASI 134 as compared to H 1098 and HD 123 at all phenophases. The correlation and regression analysis were carried out to study the relationship between agrometeorological parameters and crop parameters. Among the phenophases , the weather parameters during 50 per cent flowering were better associated with the crop parameters than those of other phenophases. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature and vapour pressure deficit showed a strong positive correlation with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant during boll opening stage, whereas morning and evening relative humidity showed negative correlation with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant during vegetative, flowering stage and boll opening stage. Among the agrometeorological indices, HTU were highly correlated with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant followed by PTU and HU. The regression model based on maximum temperature, morning relative humidity, vapour pressure deficit during boll opening and sunshine hours during flowering stage was best fit model for prediction of seed cotton yield and explained upto 82 per cent variability in seed cotton yield.