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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of low light stress on growth, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-02-01) Rajni; Shankhdhar, S. C.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crop for humans, consumed by more than half of the world's population. Asian countries produce 89 percent of the world's rice with China and India alone accounting for 55 percent of total production. Different environmental factors such as temperature, sunshine, rainfall, drought, salt and flooding have an impact on grain yield and biomass. Among these factors temperature, light and rainfall have an immediate impact on the physiological processes involved in grain production and yield. The first important component of light is light intensity which affects plant growth and development. Lower light intensity affects rice growth and development by influencing physiological traits biochemical parameters. For Effect of low light stress on growth, yield, and grain quality of rice( Oryza Sativa L. ) a field experiment was conducted in Norman E. Bourlog crop research center, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during kharif season 2022 with different rice genotypes, namely, LL-01, LL-02, LL-03, LL-04, LL-05, LL-06, LL-07, LL-08 and LL-09.These genotypes were transplanted in two blocks, one for control and another block for imposing low light stress by covering the block with 50 % shade net supported by bamboo sticks. Both the entry ends were open for sufficient ventilation. A number of parameters such as plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, protein, carbohydrate, Proline content , grain yield, and total dry matter, stem weight, panicle number, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, were recorded in different rice genotypes and it was found that except plant height and chlorophyll content, thousand grain weight all the parameters reduced significantly under low light stress. The genotypic variations in these characteristics were also found. Some genotypes showed tolerance for low light stress and some were found to be susceptible. Finally the grain yield, harvest index, number of filled grain spikelet no per panicle indicated that low light stress adversely affected these parameters. The low light stress tolerant genotypes performed better in terms of filled grain numbers and spikelet no per panicle, harvest index as compared to susceptible genotypes. In present study, , LL-04 ,LL-06 and LL-09 was reported to be more adaptable and LL-02 and LL-05 were found to be sensitive for low light stress.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND DEFENDER FAUNA IN VARIOUS BITTER GOURD VARIETIES/LINES GROWN IN OPEN AND PROTECTED CONDITIONS(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2024-02-01) Kumar, Nilesh; Srivastava, R. M.The present research work “STUDIES ON MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND DEFENDER FAUNA IN VARIOUS BITTER GOURD VARIETIES/LINES GROWN IN OPEN AND PROTECTED CONDITIONS” is based on population studies of insect pests and defender/natural enemies fauna in bitter gourd crop in open as well as protected conditions and their correlation with various abiotic factors. Various varieties/lines of bitter gourd have been screened against insect pests of bitter gourd and categorized as low, moderate and high tolerance levels. During the investigation, it has been find out that population of insect pests were observed from 12th SMW to 24th SMW. The peak incidence of all insects i.e., fruit fly (20th SMW), aphid (18th SMW), jassid (15th SMW), whitefly (18th SMW), thrips (18th SMW) and semilooper (17th SMW) was witnessed from the fourth week of April to third week of May. Population of insect pests was compared in open and protected condition. It was found that population level of all pests was higher in open condition except whitefly, which was found higher in protected/green house condition. Defenders fauna was also studied. Thirty five genotypes of bitter gourd was screened out against infestation of fruit fly (B. cucurbitae) and categorized as low, moderate and higher tolerance levels. Three cultivars were found highly tolerant against infestation of fruit fly whereas six were resistant, nineteen moderately resistant and eight were susceptible. The current study will be helpful in developing integrated pest management strategies for bitter gourd crop in view of resistance cultivars, population management and conservation of defender fauna.ThesisItem Open Access Stability analysis in advanced clones of sugarcane Saccharum spp. complex(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. PIN 263145, 2022-08) Goswami, Riya; Jeena, A. S.The present investigation entitled “Stability analysis in advanced clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex)” was conducted with 18 advanced clones of Sugarcane including three checks viz., CoS 767, CoPant 97222 and Co 05011 to estimate the genotype×environment interaction and stability parameters using Eberhart and Russell model. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design at three different environments viz., Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (E1), U.P Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur (E2) and, PAU Regional Station, Kapurthala (E3). At each environment observations were recorded for fifteen yield and yield contributing traits viz., germination percent, tillers/ha, brix percent at 10 months, purity percent at 10 months, sucrose percent at 10 months, number of millable cane/ha, single cane weight (kg), cane diameter (cm), cane height (m), cane yield (t/ha), CCS yield (t/ha), brix percent at 12 months, sucrose percent at 12 months, purity percent at 12 months and CCS percent at 12 months. Analysis of variance at each environment revealed that genotypes exhibited highly significant differences for all characters under study. Further, the pooled analysis of variance over three environments also exhibited significant differences among genotypes for all the fifteen traits. The estimates of the environmental index showed that E1 was the most favourable environment for nine traits followed by E2 for seven traits and E3 for five traits. Based on the mean performance, CoPant 97222 was registered as the best check for nine traits followed by CoS 767 for six traits. Likewise, among the entries, Co17018 was found superior to best checks for seven traits, followed by CoH 17262 for six traits and CoS 17234 and CoPb 17214 for five traits. The G X E interaction was found significant for all characters except for two traits namely, purity % at 10 months and purity % at 12 months. Based on the estimates of stability parameters as per Eberhart and Russell model, CoPb 17214 was observed as stable genotype for all traits except tillers/ha. Similarly, CoS 17236 and CoH17261 were found stable for fourteen traits except cane yield t/ha. Likewise, among the checks, Co 05011 was found stable for all traits except for cane yield, here this genotype was responsive in favourable environment. Check, CoS 767 was found stable for all traits except for germination percent. Based on the study the clone Co17018 was identified stable for cane yield and sucrose percent at 12 months, along with superiority over all the three checks. Hence, this genotype can be recommended for cultivation over different environments. While, two clones viz., CoS 17234 and Co 05011 were found responsive for cane yield in favourable environment, hence these can be recommended for cultivation under resource rich environment.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on nutritional composition of raw and germinated quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) flour and development of ready-to-eat (RTE) snack(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-09) M. Anuhya; Dobhal, NeetuQuinoa (Chenopodium Willd.) is a gluten-free nutrient-dense pseudocereal. In the present study, quinoa was germinated to observe its effect on physical and functional properties, nutritional and antinutritional content and total antioxidant activity. The results showed that germinated quinoa possessed good functional properties like water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability, foaming capacity and foam stability, which are beneficial in product development. Proximate analysis revealed that the crude protein and crude fiber content of germinated quinoa flour (13.6 and 7.16%) was higher than raw quinoa flour (13.4 and 4.01%). Moisture, total ash, crude fat and carbohydrate content of raw quinoa flour (11.01, 2.22, 5.2, and 64.15%) was higher than germinated quinoa flour (9.03, 1.55, 4.3 and 64.34%). Data on mineral composition revealed that germination of quinoa led to significant increase of 49, 33.87, 18.38 and 13% in iron, calcium, potassium and phosphorus, respectively. Dietary fiber and in-vitro protein digestibility of germinated quinoa flour was significantly higher than raw quinoa flour. The findings showed that all antinutritional factors decreased significantly on germination while antioxidant activity increased. Among the different combinations of whole wheat flour and quinoa flour for developing waffles, the waffles developed with 100% raw quinoa flour and 60% germinated quinoa flour were found most acceptable on the basis of sensory evaluation. One serving of 100% raw quinoa flour waffles and 60% germinated quinoa flour waffles provided around 9-13 % of RDA of energy and 17-26 % of RDA of protein for children of age 7-12 years. Therefore, it can be concluded that this nutrient-dense snack can be considered a healthy alternative in the fast changing world, where lifestyle disorders, especially in the children are becoming a major problemThesisItem Open Access Compatibility between pre-, post-emergence herbicides and beneficial microorganisms under in-vitro conditions and their impact on symbiotic parameters in soybean and biological health of soil(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2023-02) Chatterjee, Ankush; Pareek, NavneetAn investigation to evaluate the compatibility of beneficial microorganisms including Bradyrhizobium aqingense (S1) and two PGPRs namely Burkholderia arboris (S2) and Pseudomonas sp. (S3) in presence of two pre- emergence and three post-emergence herbicides under in-vitro conditions for improved production of soybean (Glycine max L.) and their impact on soil biological health. The study was carried out in the Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during the kharif season in 2022. All selected isolates were characterized for various PGP traits and among the three microbial strains Burkholderia arboris strain (S2) and Pseudomonas sp. strain (S3) showed higher IAA production, HCN production and Siderophore production. Pseudomonas sp. strain (S3) was able to solubilize more P than Burkholderia arboris strain (S2). Bradyrhizobium daqingense strain (S1) showed the highest ACC deaminase activity followed by Burkholderia arboris and Pseudomonas sp. strain (S3). Under in-vitro experiment among the three strains, Burkholderia arboris strain (S2) showed the highest optical density and colony count in presence of the herbicides used at the low concentration followed by medium and high concentration. Pendimethalin (H2) and Diclosulam (H1) promoted the population of bacteria more than Propaquizafop (H3), Imazethapyr (H4) and Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr (H5) which showed lower optical density and colony count than control. Initially colony count and optical density was higher in control at 0th day but gradually it increased in the 5th and the 10th day at the lower concentration and decreased with rising concentrations of herbicides. Seed inoculation of the microbial isolates against the various herbicides showed increase in nodule number from 66.6% to 74.3%, nodule dry weight from 39.2% to 62.2%, nodule leghaemoglobin content from 10.2% to 39.6%, stover dry weight from 7% to 15.2%, grain yield from 28.4% 40.5% over uninoculated control. Nitrogen uptake by stover and grain ranged from 11.3% to 26.1% and 30.8% to 44.5%, respectively. Highest stimulation being done by Burkholderia arboris (S2) and least results were obtained by Bradyrhizobium daqingense (S1). Among the different herbicides, Pendimethalin showed the better results followed by Diclosulam and the other post-emergence herbicides in terms of plant parameters over weedy check. Pendimethalin and the bacterial isolates enhanced soil organic carbon, available N, P, and K to the greatest extent from 1.4% to 12.5%, 4.4% to 11.7%, 11.7% to 27.8% and 7.6% to 17.1%, respectively over weedy check and uninoculated control. Among the bacterial isolates and herbicides used, soil dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass carbon were stimulated the most by Burkholderia arboris (S2) with an increase from 7.1% to 18.6% over uninoculated control and an increase from 30.7% lower to 3.2% higher and 6.2% lower to 0.3% higher over weedy check was stimulated by Pendimethalin. It can be concluded that Burkholderia arboris (S2) showed better growth against all the five herbicides used whether it is in case of optical density in YEM broth or in case of colony growth on YEMA plates followed by Pseudomonas sp. (S3) and the least by Bradyrhizobium daqingense (S1). Among the three bacterial isolates used, Burkholderia arboris (S2) performed the best and gave a better option to improve the symbiotic properties of soybean crops. In comparison to the postemergence herbicides, the pre-emergence herbicides were less harmful to microbial population prevailing in the soil. Among all the combinations of herbicide and microbial strain, the best interaction effect was shown by combination of Pendimethalin (H2) and Burkholderia arboris (S2).ThesisItem Open Access Eco-friendly management of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella l.in Apis mellifera l. colonies(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Rawat, Rivanshi; Mall, PramodThe experiments on “ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella L.) IN Apis mellifera L. COLONIES” were conducted during 2021-22 at Department of Entomology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar India. The greater wax moth (G. mellonella, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most serious pests of honey bee colonies. Females of the moth laid their eggs in cluster usually in the cracks or between wooden parts of the hives. The larvae mainly feed and destroy beeswax combs. The larvae of these moths form a silken feeding tunnel, which enlarge along the mid-rib of the comb or make borings through the thin wax caps of honey cells causing honey to leak out. Management studies of wax moth revealed that after 14 days of feeding, lowest weight gain by the larvae was 0.030 g in T2 (NSKE). The second lowest weight gain was 0.034 g in T3 (Bt kurstaki). In treatment T2 (NSKE) the larval mortality recorded 57.39% and lowest adult emergence was 33.33%. The minimum reduction of comb weight was recorded 2.85 g in treatment with T2 (NSKE). Treatment with different concentration of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae revealed that with increase in dose of B. bassiana, mortality of wax moth increased. At highest dose of 1×108 conidia/ml 81.6% mortality of larvae of greater wax moth was observed which was greater than 60.23% mortality caused by M. anisopliae at the same dose and same period of time. Treatment with UV radiations for different time period revealed that the hatchability of eggs and adult emergence was decreased and the mortality of adults was increased. Exposure to UV radiations for 15 min of time period resulted 76.66% of hatchability of eggs, 50% of adult emergence and 33.33% of adult mortality. For management of wax moth in order to reduce losses in storage conditions, it can be recommended that the combs can be treated with NSKE and Bt kurstaki. These treatments are effective in controlling the larvae of greater wax moth in stored condition. It was also concluded that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae at concentration of 1×108 conidia/ml are effective entomopathogens which can be used for the management of wax moth in stored combs. It was also concluded that exposure to UV radiations can also used for control the greater wax moth.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on phosphate solubilization potential of bacteria in wheat under agroforestry vs open cultivation systems(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Hedi, Anjali; Sahgal, ManvikaTo fulfill the rising need for food, chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been used excessively, which has surely resulted in pollution and significant harm to soil fertility. The use of bio fertilizers, an environmentally benign agricultural input that is also more affordable than chemical fertilizers, significantly increases soil fertility over time. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria associated with plant increase the plant available phosphorus in soil thereby promoting the plant growth as well as yield. The current study examined the plant growth promoting potential of two PSB Pseudomonas strains on wheat through a field trial in open cultivation system and agroforestry system. Both the strains were previously isolated from the Dalbergia sissoo forest in the North-western Himalayan region of India and tested for their ability to serve as bio fertilizer using an integrative approach that included field trial with recommended dose of NPK. They were identified as Pseudomonas paralactis L3 (NCBI Gen Bank Accession number MG966341), Culture Accession number NAIMCC-B-03170 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa P2 (NCBI Gen Bank Accession number MG966347), Culture Accession number NAIMCC-B-03171). The field trial was conducted in two experimental setup i.e. open cultivar with Randomized Block Design (RBD) having three replicates per treatment and in all three treatments,P2, L3 individual and in consortium, CNS (L3+P2). At 60DPI and 120DPI in open field cultivation, CNS showed the best result in all agronomic parameters, GY, BY, HI and 1000 grain weight, photosynthetic pigments, microbial count and soil enzymatic activities and were significantly higher than untreated control at p<0.05. Whereas in agroforestry system P2 showed the best result. At 120DPI the highest GY (14.37qha-1), BY(16.27qha-1), HI (88.29) and1000grain yield (36g) was observed in P2 strain in agroforestry system. Whereas in open cultivation system GY (13.27qha-1), BY(15.06qha-1), HI (88.1) and 1000grain yield (33.33g) was shown by CNS. The highest NPKcontent in soil during open field cultivation was observed in CNS (37.30%,0.44% and 1.63%) and in agroforestry system the maximum response was observed in P2 (38.09%, 0.482% and 1.69%) as compared to uninoculated control. In open system the highest protein and carbohydrates content were found in CNS10.82% and 2.603% whereas in agroforestry system P2 showed the highest response 12.52% and 2.93%. To assess the impact of PSB on wheat seed germination the in vivo seed germination assay was performed in which P2 treated seeds showed significantly higher seed shoot length (SL) crawling as compared to untreated wheat seedling. Overall while comparing both the systems the best results were obtained in agroforestry system as compared to open field cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access Postharvest disease management of Guava caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. And Sacc.(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-09) Singh, Himanshi; Singh, Himanshi; Singh, K.P.; Singh, K.P.Guava anthracnose caused by {Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc.) is one of the most destructive post harvest disease in India causing huge economic losses during transit and storage at market level. In Uttarakhand, the disease showed an increasing trend in all the fruit markets from 2021 to 2022.The disease severity of anthracnose in different locations in Uttarakhand market varied from 5.20 to 26.50percent. The highest mean disease incidence ranged from 15 to 50 percent was observed in both of the year. The disease was more severe in Dehradun and least in Lalkuan (Nainital) district. Biochemical changes in guava like total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, total flavonoids content, phenolic content, antioxidants were recorded under each treatment overa storage period of 12 days. Chitosan (1.5%), calcium chloride (1.50% and 2.50%) and Aloe veral: l gel treatment was most effective in maintaining shelf life, enhancing biochemical quality and in reducing postharvest losses in guava fruits. Among the post harvest dip treatment of fungicides, Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin at 0.15 per cent concentration was found most effective in respect of checking the anthracnose severity development in treated fruits of guava cv. L- 49.Antagonistsevaluations revealed that the Trichoderma +Pseudomonas fiuorescens at 15 g/1 concentration was found promising against the pathogen in reducing severity (79.70%) in guava. In addition the activity of inorganic salts, Calcium chloride at 2.50percentwas found highly effective in reducing disease severity (72.24%) over check. Among the plant extracts Aloe vera (1:3) was found to be the best in checking the severity of anthracnose providing (56.13%) reduction over check. Zinc oxide (0.50%) was found to be more effective among all the nano particles in reducing the disease severity. Hot water treatment at 57°C was found effective than UV irradiation showing least disease severity. Among the elicitors Salicylic acid at 2mM concentration was found to be most effective in reducing disease severity in cv. L-49 during storage. Our results suggested that susceptibility of guava cv. L-49 to anthracnose during storage is dependent on the high temperature which favours the attack of fungal pathogens causing post harvest anthracnose. Further our results indicate that effective management strategy helps in reduction of anthracnose disease as well as maintains quality of fruit.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of foliar nutrition on wheat quality and agronomic traits in tarai region of Uttarakhand(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Suraj Kumar; Kesarwani, AmitA field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre in Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to evaluate the effect of foliar nutrient application on wheat quality and yield in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. The soil of the experiment site was sandy loam in texture having medium organic carbon content (0.79%), low available nitrogen (166.8 kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (14.9 kg/ha) and low available potassium (167.3 kg/ha). The experiment consisted six foliar nutrition treatments viz. 2% elemental sulphur, 2% urea, 0.5% Zn EDTA, 1% KCl, a combination of S + N + Zn + K and without foliar spray treatment. The four wheat varieties used in the experiments were HD 3226, HI 1544, DBW 187 and PBW 1 Zn. The foliar application was done at stem elongation and milking stage. The experiment was laid in strip plot design with three replications. The sowing was done on 21st of November at 20 cm row spacing with recommended practices of wheat cultivation and seed rate of 100 kg/ha. The result indicated that 2% urea spray led to a significant increase in plant height, tiller count and dry matter accumulation, SPAD values and chlorophyll content compared to other treatments. Morever higher grain, straw and biological yield with good economic return was recorded with 0.5% EDTA compared to rest of the treatments which can be attributed to better crop response to zinc at milking stage. However, 2% urea achieved higher BC ratio compared to 0.5% EDTA due to low cost incurred in urea treatment. Among varieties, DBW 187 recorded significantly higher tiller count, dry matter accumulation, number of spikes/ m², grain yield, net return and BC ratio because of its higher yield potential and better response to foliar nutrition. PBW 1 Zn recorded higher SPAD values and chlorophyll due to more plant nitrogen content. Nitrogen and phosphorus content in grain and straw were higher in 2% urea treatment followed by 0.5% Zn EDTA treatment but K content and S content were significantly higher in 0.5% KCl and 2% elemental S treatment respectively. Zn content was significantly higher in 0.5% Zn EDTA treatment followed by 2% urea. Foliar application of nutrients particularly urea and zinc increased nutrient content in wheat crop. The amount of N, P, K and S content in grain and straw in varieties followed similar trend however, PBW 1 Zn being a zinc fortified variety reported highest Zn content in grain. Grain protein content was highest in 2% urea treatment and variety PBW 1 Zn as a result of higher grain nitrogen content. Sedimentation value and hectolitre weight was statistically similar for all treatments except no foliar spray. HD 3226 had higher sedimentation value and hectolitre weight indicating strong wheat flour with good gluten content, higher flour yield and starch content. It can thus be concluded that application of 2% urea and 0.5% Zn EDTA led to statistically greater growth, grain yield, grain quality, nutrient content, net return and benefit-cost ratio at stem elongation and milking stage compared to other treatments. DBW 187 recorded significantly higher grain yield, net return and BC ratio. Grain quality was higher in HD 3226 followed by PBW 1 Zn and DBW 187.
