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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of antibacterial activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves in clinic therapeutic management of salmonellosis in poultry(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Negi, Anjali; Prasad, AmitThe present study was conducted to assess the antibacterial activity of hydromethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves in clinico therapeutic management of salmonellosis in poultry. An inhibition zone of around 14 mm was seen around disc impregnated with 500 mg/ml concentration of plant extract against Salmonella Typhimurium. A total of 80, day old broiler chicks were procured and divided into 4 groups (I to IV) with 20 chicks in each group. Group I served as healthy control without any infection and treatment. Group II was kept as infected control. At 8 day old of age, birds of group II, III and IV were challenged with 3x109 CFU/ml of Salmonella Typhimurium. Birds in group III and IV were treated with antibiotic (ofloxacin) and hydromethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves in drinking water respectively. Growth performance, clinical signs, mortality rate, haematological and biochemical parameters were recorded to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of herbal extract. Clinical signs and mortality rate were less severe in antibiotic and extract treated group than infected control group. Extract treated group had better FCR, weight gain and feed intake than infected control group. Among the hematological parameters, higher values of TLC and heterophils and lower lymphocyte percent were recorded in infected control group. Heterophil count was higher in extract supplemented group than antibiotic group whereas lymphocyte percent in both treatment groups was similar to healthy control group. Biochemical studies revealed no significant difference in total protein, albumin and globulin level in both treatment groups at 14 and 21day post infection. Higher ALT and AST values were observed in infected control group. Plant extract treated group had significantly lower ALT and AST values than ofloxacin treated and infected control group. It was therefore concluded that supplementation of herbal extract in drinking water was effective in controlling Salmonella Typhimurium infection as it not only controlled infection but also improved growth performance, alleviated clinical signs, showed hepatoprotective activity and also resulted in lesser mortality rate.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on prevalence of canine cardiac ailments and clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of endocarditis in dogs(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Sawan Kumar; Singh, J.L.The present research work “Studies on prevalence of canine cardiac ailments, clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of endocarditis in dogs” was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, C.V. A. Sc, GBPUAT, Pantnagar from July 2020 to June 2021. In addition, a prevalence study of Canine Cardiac ailments was carried out by conducting the Retrospective study and Routine Heart Health screening at different Veterinary polyclinics, of Dehradun, Haldwani and Rudrapur of Uttarakhand & nearby Veterinary Institutions (NDVSU, Jabalpur and DUVASU, Mathura). The prevalence study comprised 51655 cases of the total canine population. 3056 (5.91%) of canine population had clinical evidence of cardiac problems and 57 (0.11%) cases of cardiac diseases were determined to be positive for Endocarditis. Out of 3056 cases studied for different cardiac diseases, the highest prevalence was of cardiac arrhythmias (1352, 44.14%) followed by Dilated Cardiomyopathy (728, 23.82%), Mitral valve insufficiency (413,13.51%), Pericardial effusion (275, 8.99%), Heart worm infection (156, 5.10%), Coronary artery disease (75, 2.45%) and, Endocarditis (57, 1.86%). Maximum prevalence of endocarditis was found in Mathura (0.137%) followed by Rudrapur (0.126%), Dehradun (0.121%), Pantnagar (0.102%), Haldwani (0.094%) and, Jabalpur (0.070%). Out of 57 cases of Endocarditis of different regions, the males were more affected as compare to the females. The prevalence of Endocarditis was uppermost in the 7-9 Year age group (33.33%) followed by > 9 year age group (24.56%), 4-7 year age group (19.29%), 2-4 year age group (15.78%). The breed wise prevalence of Endocarditis of breeds like Labrador, German sepherd, Pomeranian, Non Discript, Doberman, Beagle, and Dalmantian was 29.82%, 22.80%, 14.03%, 12.28%, 10.52%, 7.01% and, 3.50%, respectively. Most of the clinical cases were presented with a history of fever, Exercise intolerance, Anorexia or Inappetance, Ascites, Pedal edema, Dyspnoea at rest, Hepato-jugular pulsation, lameness or arthritis. An extracardiac murmur was heard during the auscultation of dogs is considered to be the differential point of diagnosis from other cardiac disorders. Respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were increased in dogs affected with canine endocarditis and shows significant variation as compare to the healthy control group. There was significant decreases observed in levels of haemoglobin, PCV, TEC. while significant increase in Neutrophils and TLC throughout the entire study. The Overall results of the present study shows that the dogs of therapeutic groups were having hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, increased ALT, AST, BUN, Total cholesterol, LDH, and serum CKMB levels as compared to the healthy control group of dogs. Arrhythmias were found in 60 % to 70 % of affected dogs, with ventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and Premature ventricular complexes being the foremost common. Radiographic findings of endocarditis in present study were cardiomegaly, accumulation of fluid in the abdominal area, cardiac chamber enlargement, lesions of cardiopulmonary involvement, pneumonitis, severe cardiomegaly with right side enlargement, Pulmonary congestion with pleural fluid. M- mode echocardiography was used and findings were vegetative lesions on the valves, increased internal diameter of cardiac chambers and erosive lesions on the valve. From the comparative treatment of canine endocarditis, it was established that the combination of Cefotaxime and Amikacin is best followed by Amoxicillin+Clavulanate, Marbofloxacin, and Doxycycline, with percent recovery of 66.66%, 50%, 33.33%, and 16%, respectively. Ancillary and supportive treatment was provided to the dogs according to the clinical signs observed. Dogs suffering from pedal edema and ascites were treated with furosemide, dogs showing dyspnoea were provided Theophylline+Etophylline to combat the condition, and atenolol, enalapril, antipyretics, and multivitamins were also the part of treatment.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on ameliorative efficacy of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Zanthoxylum armatum in gentamicin induced acute renal toxicity rat model(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Thakur, Neeraj; Shukla, S.K.Acute kidney injury is a wide-ranging term that refers to a variety of conditions. In this study, experimental rat model was used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacies of hydroethanolic extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Zanthoxylum armatum. The present study was carried out for 8 days, and was divided into 6 groups viz. group I: healthy control, group II: disease control (Gentamicin (GM) @ 100 mg/Kg BW Intraperitoneally (IP)), group III: standard treatment (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + Cystone syrup @ 5 mL/Kg BW PO), group IV: O. tenuiflorum extract EC50 (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + O. tenuiflorum extract @ 400 mg/Kg BW PO), group V: Z. armatum extract EC50 (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + Z. armatum extract @ 400 mg/Kg BW PO) and group VI: vitamin D (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + vitamin D @ 0.4 μg/kg/day SC). On day 4 and 8, urine volume, urine creatinine, urine urea nitrogen and potassium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II than healthy control, whereas in group III, IV, V and VI, these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group II. In group II, urine total protein, albumin and sodium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group I, while group III, IV, V and VI were having significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels than group II. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and potassium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group II, III, IV, V and VI as compared to group I, while in group III, IV, V and VI these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than group II. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II as compared to group I. GSH, SOD and CAT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and LPO levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group III, IV, V and VI as compared to group II. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and interleukin 10 (IL 10) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II, while in treatment groups, TNF α levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, and IL 10 levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher as compared to group II. Cystatin C, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM 1) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group II as compared to group I, whereas in group III, IV, V and VI, these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower as compared to group II. Gross and histopathological examination of kidney and other vital organs also revealed reduction in severity of damage in groups treated with O. tenuiflorum and Z. armatum plant extracts. Urinary cystatin C, KIM 1 and GGT as well as serum cystatin C and KIM 1 can be employed for detection of early kidney injury. The present study findings revealed the nephroprotective efficacy of O. Tenuiflorum and Z. armatum plant extracts, but further detailed studies are warranted to find the constituents responsible for such activity.ThesisItem Open Access Clinico hematobiochemical studies and comparative therapeutic evaluation of Ageratum conyzoides and Andrographis paniculata in poultry Coccidiosis with special reference to economic impact assessment(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, PrakashThe present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of coccidiosis in commercial broiler and layer farms of Uttarakhand, India from July 2019 to December 2020 along with the economic losses assessment due to coccidiosis. Anticoccidial activity of some herbal extracts along with the economic assessment was evaluated at commercial poultry farm where coccidiosis was observed on the basis of faecal examination and clinical signs. The identification of the coccidian parasite was confirmed by gross lesion site, oocyst morphology and sporulation time of oocyst. Clinical signs included bloody droppings, ruffled feather, anemia, intestinal hemorrhages. The efficacy of herbal drugs was compared with amprolium. The economic loss was assessed with help of various parameters viz., chemoprophylaxis cost, chemotherapeutic cost, mortality loss, reduced body weight gain, increased FCR, etc. The prevalence of disease was recorded to be 22.50% and in above 03 week age group (100%). The physiochemical and phytochemical analysis of crude Ageratum conyzoides, crude Andrographis paniulata and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniulata revealed that these plants were rich in crude protein, crude fiber, NFE, organic matter, minerals, alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, phenols, protein, tannins, flavanoid, terpenoids, etc. The HPLC analysis of crude and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata showed presence of several biological active compounds. In vivo anticoccidial activity of crude and ethanolic extracts of these plants was assessed either alone or in combination and compared the activity with the standard anticoccidial drugs amprolium. 100 broiler chicks were taken and randomly divided in 5 groups of 20 birds each. The efficacy of these extracts was evaluated on the basis of parasitological, haematological, and biochemical studies. It was concluded from the study that ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata, herb complex (1:1) and crude Andrographis paniculata revealed better anticoccidial activity against mixed Eimeria infection in broiler which was comparable with amprolium. Total economic losses were Rs. 1407.12, 1146.26, 992.45 and 2406.99 in herbal treated groups treated with crude extract of Ageratum conyzoides, Andrographis paniculata, combination of Ageratum conyzoides and Andrographis paniculata and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata as compared to amprolium treated group in which the loss was Rs. 1597.44.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on prevalence, clinico-pathological and therapeutic aspects of neonatal hypoglycemia in puppies(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-10) Bisht, Neha; Singh, J.L.The present research investigation was carried out to study the prevalence, diagnosis, clinico-pathological changes and therapeutic management of canine neonatal hypoglycemia in few districts of Uttarakhand. The findings of prevalence study revealed an overall prevalence of 42.61%. Meanwhile, the maximum morbidity was capped by the pups with low birth weight (23.31%) followed by hypothermia (20.5%), sepsis (18.43%), starvation (16.53%), maternal problems (9.76%), miscellaneous conditions (7.86 %) and premature birth (4.07%). Overall mortality due to neonatal hypoglycemia was found to be 12.35%. Among the breeds of the pups, highest morbidity and mortality was reported in toy breed pups (29.54% and 32.71%) and lowest in Pit bull pups (8.67% and 9.31%). Furthermore, age wise morbidity and mortality was reported highest during first three days of age (44.86% and 40.92%). Hypoglycemic pups revealed signs such as lethargy, poor suckling reflex, cardio-pulmonary problems and continuous crying. Diarrhoea, vomiting, intense hunger and nervous signs were also reported among the affected puppies. Prior to treatment, significant decrement in physiological parameters such as rectal temperature (92.07±0.32 ⁰F), respiration rate (24.22±1.03 breaths/min) and heart rate (203±0.5 beats/min) were observed in affected puppies. Haematological profile revealed significant increase in Hb concentration (13.9±0.35 gm/dl), PCV (49.45±1.3 %), and TEC value (7.31±0.12×106/μl) whereas, significantly low TLC (11.2±0.88×103/μl), neutrophils (5.70±0.19×103/μl) and lymphocytes (3.62±0.07×103/μl) values were noticed in hypoglycaemic pups. Findings of biochemical panel revealed significant decrement in serum glucose (58.88±2.91 mg/dl), total protein (3.03±0.12 gm/dl), albumin (1.47±0.09 gm/dl), globulin (1.56±0.10 gm/dl), ALP (128.24±1.25 U/L) and GGT (985.08±1.18 U/L) concentrations. Meanwhile, significant increment in serum BUN (34.09±1.07 mg/dl), creatinine (1.57±0.45 mg/dl), lactate (48.88±1.01 mg/dl) and BHBA (1.26±0.09 mmol/l) concentration was also noticed. On the basis of recovery of hypoglycemic pups after therapeutic intervention, 50% dextrose solution @ 0.5 to 1 ml/kg b.wt. capped 83.3% recovery rate and found superior than 10% dextrose solution @ 2-4ml/kg b.wt (66.6%) followed by sodium propionate @ 3.6- 40.8mg/kg/day b.wt (50%) and propylene glycol @ 2g/kg/day b.wt (50%).ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of protective efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica and Curcuma longa in gout induced broilers(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-09) Bawari, Neha; Rajora, V.S.The present research work was conducted to study the clinicophysiological, hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in birds due to gout and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of allopurinol and combination of powder of amla and haldi on sodium bicarbonate induced gout. On the basis of pilot study and literature, sodium bicarbonate at the dose rate of 15g/l in drinking water was used to induce gout in broilers in the main trail. Group I was kept as control and fed with basal diet and normal water. Group II was kept sodium bicarbonate control (gout positive control) and dose of sodium bicarbonate @ 15 g/l was administered in drinking water daily for 35 days. Group III received with sodium bicarbonate along with allopurinol at the dose rate of 25 mg/kg BWt by oral gavaging daily once for 35 days. Group IV received only allopurinol at dose rate of 25 mg/kg BWt by oral gavaging for 35 days. Group V was treated with sodium bicarbonate along with combination of powder of Amla @ 3.75g/kg feed and Turmeric @ 3.75g/kg feed (0.375% each) mixed in feed for 35 days. Group VI were given combination of powder of Amla and Turmeric alone @ 3.75g/kg feed each mixed in feed for 35 days. Growth parameters were studied at weekly intervals where significant decreased in body weight, body weight gain and feed intake was recorded in group II however FCR was increased significantly throughout the experiment. Blood and tissue sampling was done on 15 and 35 DE, which revealed significant increase in Hb, PCV, TEC, ESR and MCV throughout the experiment in gout positive control group II. Biochemical parameters also revealed significant rise in uric acid, creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST, ALP, serum Na+, serum MDA and kidney XOD whereas significant reduction in serum K+ and P+ level in group II. Birds in the group II were dull, depressed, sleepy appearance, faced difficult in standing with swollen hock and revealed watery diarrhea and pasted vent. Gross and histopathological examination revealed typical sign of visceral gout like deposition of mono sodium urate crystals on different visceral organs and in some birds articular gout was also observed. Allopurinol and combination of amla and haldi powder alone or along with sodium bicarbonate revealed significant improvement in the above parameters which indicate ameliorative effects of allopurinol and combination of powder of amla and turmeric on gout. However, efficacy of both the treatment was found almost similar in sodium bicarbonate induced gout. Hence, it was concluded that combination of amla and turmeric powder was highly efficient in alleviating toxic effects of sodium bicarbonate induced gout in broilers and was comparable with standard drug allopurinol.ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-pathological and metabolic profile studies on Uttarakhand goats along with assessment of chemoprophylactic and immunomodulatory efficacy of ammonium chloride and Withania somnifera during peripartum period(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-06) Singh, Alok; Singh, J.L.In the present investigation a total of 967 goats had been registered for the study of prevalence rate along with dissemination pattern of common metabolic diseases among the goats of Hilly and Tarai regions of uttarakhand. The findings of this retrospective study revealed that during pre-parturient stage in hilly and Tarai goat’s maximum percentage was capped by hypoglycemic case while during post-parturient stage in hilly and Tarai goat’s maximum percentage was capped by hypocalcemic and hypoglycemic cases. Moreover study also revealed that as the age and parity of the goats increases, the chances of the dissemination of metabolic diseases also increases. In the continuation of this we had made separately 4 groups and each group contains 09 apparently healthy periparturient goats out of which group 1 goats were supplemented with ammonium chloride @ 0.2 g/kg BW/day/doe, OD group 2 goats were supplemented with Ashwagandha root powder @ 200 mg/kg BW/day/doe, OD and group 3 goats were supplemented with (ammonium chloride @ 0.2 g/kg BW/day/doe, OD + Ashwagandha root powder @200 mg/kg BW/day/doe, OD) for the entire periparturient period, however group 4 goats were assumed as healthy control group. Hemoglobin concentration clearly indicated that there was gradually decline in the concentration with advancement of gestational stage and the mean hemoglobin concentration was somewhat higher among group 2 goats. The serum calcium level was significantly higher in group 1 goats while lowest was reported among group 2 & 4 goats. Beside this the serum concentration of copper revealed increasing trend during pre and post kidding stages and the serum iron concentration exhibited lower values among the periparturient goats that were approaching towards the kidding. The concentration of the total serum protein was found elevated among group 2 goats and low serum cholesterol values were also recorded among group 2 goats in comparison to rest of the groups studied. The result of intra as well as inter group comparisons of goats revealed lower serum triglyceride concentration during terminal days of pregnancy as well as during lactogenesis phase. Quantification of antioxidative status was performed by evaluating MDA, GSH, SOD and OSF. Concentration of APPs namely Hp and SAA were increased significantly around the parturition/kidding period. Moreover the result of circulatory cytokine IFN-γ revealed high concentration in group 2 goats which in turn signified minimal snip in immune status among the said group of goats and also the level of cytokine IL-10 revealed significant low concentration in group 2 goats. The result of energy biomarkers revealed that among group 2 and 3 goats lower value of BHBA concentration was recorded, however group 4 goats revealed significantly higher concentration of NEFA value, moreover NEFA concentration exhibited increasing trend among the goats that’s were approaching towards the kidding. Thus we conclude that prepartum supplementation with immuno modulator and ammonium chloride could be one of the best strategies to suppress periparturient induced corporal alterations and production ailments in goats.
