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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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20171
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: JOJU JOHNS × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ACEPROMAZINE, MIDAZOLAM AND BUTORPHANOL AS ADJUNCTS TO XYLAZINE-KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA FOR VASECTOMY IN CAPTIVE SAMBAR DEER (RUSA UNICOLOR)
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD, 2017) JOJU JOHNS; George Chandy
    Anaesthetic protocols using acepromazine, butorphanol and midazolam as independent adjuncts to xylazine-ketamine were evaluated in thirty captive Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) undergoing vasectomy. Acepromazine, xylazine and ketamine (0.1 ± 0.01, 3.1 ± 0.2 and 4.2 ± 0.2 mg/kg b. wt., respectively - Group I), butorphanol, xylazine and ketamine (0.09, 2.8 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.1 mg/kg b. wt., respectively - Group II) and midazolam, xylazine and ketamine (0.2 ± 0.01, 3.0 ± 0.1 and 4.0 ± 0.1, mg/kg b. wt. respectively - Group III) were administered intramuscularly by darting (n = 10 each), followed by ketamine intravenously in animals not anaesthetised fifteen minutes from darting. Quality of induction, ease of physical restraint for ketamine administration and recovery from anaesthesia were scored. Yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg b. wt., IV) was administered following surgical procedure. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and invasive arterial blood pressure were recorded at five minute intervals. Arterial (10th and 20th minute) and venous (immediately after induction) blood samples were collected. Ketamine was administered at the rate of 1.5 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.1 mg/kg in Groups I, II and III, respectively. Quality and time for induction of anaesthesia was better in Group III (9.8 ± 1.18 min.) compared to Group I (16.1 ± 1.36 min.) and Group II (15.0 ± 1.29 min.) Recovery was prolonged (27.2 ± 2.93 min.) in Group III. Mean rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were in normal range, while hypertension was observed in all animals. Hypoxemia with moderate hypercapnia, mildly acidic blood pH and elevated creatine kinase levels were observed in all groups. Blood glucose level was significantly high in Group III. Based on the study, acepromazine-xylazine-ketamine and butorphanolxylazine-ketamine can be recommended for minor procedures and midazolamxylazine-ketamine for surgical procedures requiring longer immobilisation in captive Sambar Deer.