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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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2015 - 201910
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Subject: Veterinary Physiology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 10
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EXPRESSION OF GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS IN ATTAPPADY BLACK AND MALABARI GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR,, 2019-12-31) BHUVANA PLAKKOT; K. Raji
    The difference in prolificacy between high prolific Malabari and low prolific Attappady Black goat breeds of Kerala has been evaluated by gonadotropins and their receptors gene expression studies, and analysis of steroid hormones. Six numbers of experimental animals, each from Malabari and Attappady Black breeds were selected for the study from the culling list of University Sheep and Goat Farm, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy. Ovaries, pituitary and serum samples were collected from animals slaughtered at the proestrus stage of the oestrus cycle. By radioimmunoassay technique, a significant difference was observed in serum oestradiol concentrations, with Malabari having a higher mean (44.22±7.00 pg/mL) when compared to the Attappady Black breed (13.98±4.35pg/mL). The ovarian antral follicles were isolated and classified into small (1-3 mm) and large (>3 mm) follicles. RNA isolated from the follicles and pituitaries were used for expression studies. By performing quantitative real-time PCR technique, it was observed that between the breeds, there was no significant difference in the level of FSHβ expression in the pituitary, FSHR expression and LHR expression in follicles. However, there was a significant difference in the pituitary LHβ expression between breeds, with a significantly (P<0.01) high level in Attappady Black compared to Malabari breed. A non-significant decrease in (fold-change of 0.64) FSHR expression and a non-significant increase in (fold-change of 1.4) LHR expression were observed from small to large follicles in goats. Irrespective of breeds, a non-significant negative correlation (-0.49) was observed between oestradiol and FSHβ expression. Also, a non-significant negative correlation (-0.15) was observed between LHβ expression and progesterone concentration. A positive correlation although not very significant was found between FSHβ expression and FSHR expression in goats irrespective of breeds. Similarly, between FSHβ expression and LHR expression in goat antral follicles, a significant positive (P<0.05) correlation was observed. The antral follicle FSHR expression irrespective of breeds, showed a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation (0.46) with the oestradiol concentration. No correlation was found between pituitary overall LHβ and follicle LHR expression in antral follicles irrespective of the breed. A significant (P<0.05) positive correlation was also observed between oestradiol and oestrus signs and Malabari breed exhibited prominent oestrus signs compared to Attappady Black breed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) AND ITS BIOLOGICAL RECEPTOR, VEGFR2 IN GRANULOSA CELLS OF MALABARI GOAT
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD, 2016-07-05) D., SUPRIYARAJ; K., Karthiayini
    The aim of the present study was to quantify the relative gene expression levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its biological receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in Granulosa cells (GCs) of medium (Gp-I; 3-5mm diameter) and large (Gp-II; >5mm diameter) goat ovarian follicles, by real-time PCR. Quantification of Progesterone (P4) and Estradiol-17β (E2) was also performed in the follicular fluid (FF) of two different follicular groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pooled samples (n=7) of FF from two groups of follicles were used for the study. The results showed that the mean relative expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA in GCs of Gp-II follicles was higher when compared to Gp-I follicles but it was non-significant (p>0.05). The mean (± S.E) increase in relative expression values of VEGF and VEGFR-2 was 1.47 ± 0.78 and 3.84 ± 2.51 respectively. The follicular fluid P4 and E2 concentration was significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the Gp-II follicles than the Gp-I follicles. The mean (± S.E) P4 concentration (ng/mL) in FF of Gp-I and Gp-II follicles were 10.56 ± 2.3 and 20.53 ± 3.82 respectively. The mean (± S.E) E2 concentration (ng/ml) in FF of Gp-I and Gp-II were 12.08±2.78 and 22.08±1.97 respectively. The study revealed the GCs VEGF do not play a significant role in transition of medium (3-5mm) to large (>5mm) follicle in caprines. Increase in concentration of E2 with the follicle size might be due to increase in number of GCs with increase in the size of follicle because GCs are the principal site of aromatization activity which enhanced the production of E2. Similarly, increase in P4 concentration in Gp-II follicles might be due to the production of P4 in the synthetic pathway of follicular production of E2.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EXPRESSION OF ANGIOPOIETIN-1 (ANPT-1) AND AROMATASE (CYP19) IN OVARIAN ANTRAL FOLLICLES OF MALABARI AND ATTAPPADY BLACK BREEDS OF GOATS.
    (College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy, 2019) SHIJI S. SAJU; V. Babitha
    The expressions of ANPT-1 and CYP19 genes in small and large follicles were studied in Malabari and Attappady Black breeds of goat. Animals (n=6) were selected from each breed and given PGF2α, after confirming oestrous by detecting visible external heat signs and open cervix using vaginal speculum, and ultra sound scanning was done in the animals for one entire cycle and observed the ovarian activities. We noticed a significant difference in the exhibition of heat signs between two breeds with a greater mean [(± S.E) 12±1.88] in Malabari than Attappady black breed [with a mean (± S.E.) 5.67 ±1.12]. On detecting the next heat, scanning was done from day 15 onwards and the animals were slaughtered on reaching pro-oestrous stage and the ovaries and blood samples were collected. Studied the expression pattern of ANPT-1 and CYP19 in different categories of ovarian antral follicles and estimated the serum oestradiol and progesterone concentration by RIA. Significant difference was found in serum oestradiol concentration between Malabari [mean (± S.E) 44.23 ± 7.00 pg/mL] and Attappady black breed [mean (± S.E) 13.95 ± 4.35 ng/mL], with no significant difference detected in serum progesterone concentration between breeds. The expression of ANPT-1 and CYP19 in follicles at different developmental stages within and between breeds failed to show any significant difference. The expression of ANPT1 was found to be decreased in large follicles of both breeds compared to small follicles whereas the expression of CYP19 was found to be increased in the large follicles of both breeds compared to small follicles. Hence it is concluded that changing pattern of ANPT-1 and CYP19 expression have a definite role in controlling the follicular development in these two breeds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MYOSTATIN AND INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 GENE EXPRESSION IN BROILER CHICKEN EXPOSED TO MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2018) QUEENIE CANDICE FERNANDES; K. Karthiayini
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different LED monochromatic light (green, λ= 560 nm; blue, λ= 480 nm; red, λ= 660 nm) on growth of broiler chicken in comparison with white LED light and incandescent bulb light. Relative expression of IGF-1 and MSTN gene in breast muscle, muscle fibre diameter of breast and thigh muscle of 17, 24 and 31 day old broiler chicks as well as weekly body weight and body weight gain was used to assess the growth. The study showed that on day 17 the birds under green light had more IGF-1 and MSTN expression, followed by those under blue light. A better breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter was also observed in birds under green and blue light. On day 24 and 31 birds reared under blue light showed a better breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter, IGF-1 and MSTN gene expression than others. However, on day 31, they had MSTN expression similar to other birds except the birds under red light. Though changes in IGF-1 expression were noticed at different ages in birds reared under blue, green, red, white LED and incandescent light; there were corresponding changes in MSTN expression which followed the same pattern. Light colour effected the growth and expression of MSTN and IGF-1 genes, breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter, body weight and body weight gain. In the early period up to day 17, green light was most stimulatory to growth, breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and the expression of MSTN and IGF-1 genes under study. After day 17 up to day 31, blue light resulted in maximum expression of MSTN and IGF-1 genes, breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and growth. Chicken can be reared under green light up to day 17 and then afterwards under blue light for more growth during same period. Further studies can be conducted to evaluate the meat quality parameters and different cuts of meat, feathering, lighting management practices, welfare, blood physiological and biochemical variables and the functional development of the eye and brain. At fourth week of age birds under blue light had a better body weight gain followed by birds under green light. At fifth week of age birds under blue light had a significantly high body weight gain when compared to all other groups. The study revealed that blue and green monochromatic LED light is better for growth of broiler chicken than other lights used.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIFFERENTIAL FOLLICULAR MORPHOLOGY AND BMPR1B GENE EXPRESSION IN MALABARI AND ATTAPPADY BLACK BREEDS OF GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2015) ABHINA M; Raji K
    Prolificacy difference between two native goat breeds of Kerala, Malabari and Attappady black has been evaluated by morphometric, histological, hormonal and gene expression studies. Six numbers each of Malabari and Attappady black goat breeds were used for the study. Even though there was no significant difference, the morphometric parameters (weight, length and breadth) recorded were more in Malabari than Attappady black breed of goats. The follicular development was studied by classifying the follicles based on size into very small (<1mm), small (1-3mm) and large (3-5mm). The total number of follicles was more in Malabari when compared to Attappady black. However, follicles classified under small size were more in Attappady breed of goats whereas, follicles under very small size and large size were more in Malabari. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined for histological studies and the different categories of follicles namely primordial, primary, secondary and antral were compared between breeds. The diameter of secondary follicle and the oocyte were significantly different with a higher mean value for Attappady breed. The ratio of granulosa cell to secondary follicle diameter and the ratio of oocyte to secondary follicle diameter were found to be significantly different between the breeds with higher mean in Malabari breed. The mean diameter of the antrum in Attappady breed was higher than Malabari breed. The ratio of granulosa cell to the antral follicle diameter was not significantly different between breeds. The serum oestrogen concentration was found to be significantly different between the breeds with Malabari having a higher mean (± S.E) 41.69 ± 7.50 pg/mL when compared to the Attappady breed with a mean (± S.E) 20.20 ± 4.40 pg/mL. There was no significant difference in the BMPR1B gene expression level between breeds. However, there was significant down regulation of BMPR1B expression in large follicles compared to small ones.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF STRESS RESPONSE AND SUPPORTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN E IN CROSSBRED FEMALE CALVES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2015) JANIPALLI NIKHIL KUMAR TEJ; Girish Varma G
    A study was conducted to assess the heat stress responses and supportive role of vitamin E in crossbred female calves using physiological, haematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons in Kerala. Fourteen calves were randomly selected, divided in to two groups while treatment group was additionally supplemented with vitamin E @ 5 mg/kg of body weight orally for 30 days in all the three seasons. The highest value of ambient temperature (AT) and temperature-humidity index (THI) was recorded in pre-monsoon while highest relative humidity (RH) was recorded in monsoon. Respiratory rate (RR) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in pre monsoon compared with monsoon and post-monsoon. Heart rate (HR) and pulse rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in pre-monsoon and monsoon than in post monsoon. Rectal temperature (RT) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between seasons. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was significantly lower in monsoon than other seasons, while total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb) and volume of packed red cells (VPRC) showed no significant (p>0.05) difference between seasons. Season had no significant (P>0.05) effect on cortisol, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin globulin ratio in contrary glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in post-monsoon compared with other seasons. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in pre-monsoon compared with other seasons. Vitamin E had no effect on physiological, haematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters studied whereas significantly lower glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was noticed in supplemented group. From the study it may be concluded that the crossbred calves have the adaptive capability to alter their physiological responses to maintain their body temperature and vitamin E may be helpful to ameliorate heat induced oxidative stress.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAJOR FERTILITY-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS FROM SEMINAL FLUID OF VECHUR AND CROSSBRED BULLS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2015) ADARSH. N; Ramnath V
    Binder of sperm (BSP) proteins, constituted by three acidic proteins; BSP1, BSP3 and BSP5, form major fertility-associated gelatin-binding proteins in bull seminal plasma. These proteins play crucial role in fertilization and hence are regarded as markers of fertility. The present study was aimed at isolation of these proteins from seminal plasma of Vechur and crossbred bulls and characterize the same by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). Semen was collected from ten Vechur bulls and three crossbred bulls and centrifuged to separate seminal plasma. Proteins in seminal plasma was precipitated by adding cold ethanol, recovered by centrifugation, dissolved in ammonium bicarbonate and lyophilized. The gelatin-binding proteins were isolated from crude proteins by gelatin-agarose affinity chromatography and were pooled, precipitated and lyophilized. SDS-PAGE of gelatin bound proteins revealed presence of three bands, two of which had molecular weight (MW) in the range of 15 to 17 kDa and one at 30 kDa. The same proteins on 2-D PAGE revealed presence of three thick spot at molecular weight between 14 and 20 kDa and a series of faint spots at MW 30 kDa, and all the spots exhibited acidic pI. The results indicated that Vechur and crossbred seminal plasma contain an average of 77.3 to 106 mg/mL and 84.6 to 104.5 mg/mL total proteins respectively and an average of 54.6 percent and 43.9 percent gelatin-binding proteins respectively. These proteins exhibited gelatin-binding property, elution characteristics, abundance in seminal plasma SDS-PAGE pattern and 2-D PAGE characteristics similar to BSP proteins reported elsewhere.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT AND ALLEVIATION OF TRANSITION STRESS FROM PREGNANCY TO LACTATION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY CATTLE
    (College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy, 2017) Ambily, T R; Beena, V
    The study was conducted to assess the transition stress in 24 crossbred dairy cattle from 220 days of pregnancy to 30 days post-partum with supplementation of Se and/or vitamin E. The animals were randomly allocated to four groups (G0, G1, G2 and G3) with six animals in each group and were subjected to four dietary treatments as G0- adult cattle ration, G1- adult cattle ration + 0.3 ppm Se, G2 - adult cattle ration + vitamin E @ 1000 IU and G3- adult cattle ration + 0.3 ppm Se+ vitamin E @ 1000 IU. Supplementation started at 220 days of pregnancy and continued up to 30 days post-partum. Blood and serum samples were collected on 220, 250 days of pregnancy, day of calving and on 30 days post-partum. Data on physiological parameters, haematological parameters, biochemical parameters and environmental parameters were evaluated. The results obtained after statistical analysis for physiological parameters like birth weight of calves, 30 days milk yield and SCC in milk did not show significant difference between supplemented and control animals. Haematological parameters indicated significant difference in TEC and VPRC. For G3, TEC was significantly high on 250 days of pregnancy (p<0.05), day of calving (p<0.01) and on 30 days post-partum (p<0.01) compared to control. The VPRC values were significantly high (p<0.05) for G3 on day of calving compared to control. No significant differences observed on Hb concentration and TLC between supplemented and control group. Blood GSH-Px activity was significantly (p<0.05) high for G1 on day of calving and was significantly (p<0.05) high for G3 on 30 days post-partum. Serum catalase activity was significantly high for G0 on 30 days post-partum. Blood SOD does not show any significant difference in activity between supplemented and control animals. Serum MDA levels were significantly (p<0.01) different on 30 days post-partum with highest value shown by G0 and lowest value by G2. Within group between period analysis revealed significantly high MDA values on 30 day post-partum for G0. On the day of calving, serum total protein and globulin concentration were significantly (p<0.01) low for G3. No significant difference was observed in serum albumin, albumin : globulin ratio and serum selenium concentration. The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation of Se @0.3 ppm and/or vitamin E @ 1000 IU could improve the antioxidant status in transition dairy cows significantly.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EXPRESSION PROFILE OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF1) GENE AND ITS RECEPTOR, IGFR1 IN GRANULOSA CELLS OF GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2018-01-31) BIJNA., M; Karthiayini, K.
    The experiment was conducted to know the expression profile of IGF1 and its biological receptor IGFR1 with increase in size of goat ovarian follicles and also the histology and micrometry of ovarian follicles. For the study, ovaries of healthy Malabari goats collected from Meat Technology Unit, KVASU were used. Granulosa cells from pooled samples (n=6) of follicular fluid from medium (35mm) and large (>5mm) follicles were analysed by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for assessing the expression pattern of IGF1 and IGFR1 genes in medium and large follicles. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the expression levels of IGF1 and IGFR1 genes between two groups of follicles. The expression of IGF1 and IGFR1 mRNA in granulosa cells of caprine follicles indicated that these genes might play a role in granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenic activity of granulosa cells during transition from medium to large follicles. However, for the conclusive assessment of the role of IGF1 in follicular development, the level of IGF1 protein should be quantified and correlated with the mRNA expression of IGF1. The dimensions of ovary like breadth, weight and thickness of right and left ovaries of Malabari breed of goats were not significantly different while the length of right ovary was significantly more than that of the left. The mean number of medium and large follicles observed in right and left ovaries were not significantly different. There was no significant difference in the mean micrometric values of medium follicles (3-5mm) and large follicles studied. However a non-significant increase in thickness of granulosa layer was noticed in the large follicles compared to medium sized follicles.