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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: ABHIJITH THAMPAN × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGY OF DELTAMETHRIN TOXICITY IN CHICK EMBRYO
    (College of Veterinary and Animal sciences, mannuthy, 2007) ABHIJITH THAMPAN; Dr. N. Divakaran Nair
    The present study was taken up to investigate the cmbryotoxic and tcratogenic effects of deltamethrin along with the effects on antioxidant mechanisms and on haematological parameters. The weight of the embryo, bursa and spleen, histopathology of liver. kidne_\. brain, heart, spleen, bursa and thymus. antioxidant assax which includes estimation of super oxide dismutase. lipid peroxidation . reduced glulathionc. and haematological parameters such as total ervthrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin concentration. . heterophil percentage, lymphocxte percentage and heterophil Ixmphocyte ratio along with blood glucose level were the parameters analysed to stud} the effects. fhc study revealed a dose related increase in the embryo mortality in the treatment groups with a maximum of 18 percent in group VI inoculated with IbOOppm of deltamethrin. Deltamethrin was found to be teratogenic at the given dose levels, fhe anomalies observed were shorter lower beak (prognathism). curled toe. stumpy toes, syndactylism, shortened left limb, edema of the head and crossed beak and live sticky chicks. Deltamethrin did not cause any signil'icant gross lesions in the developing embixos except mild haemorrhages. Deltamethrin did not result in any significanl reduction in the weight of the embiw os or the weight of lymphoid organs. On histopathological examination deltamethrin was found to be hepaioloxic and nephrotoxic which was evident b} varx ing degrees of degeneration and necrosis in lixer and kidnex. Tffect on lymphoid organs like spleen, thymus and bursa xvere mild to moderate xvith predominance of degenerative changes. Dose related changes xvere also observed in the heart xvhich included vacuolar degeneration, thinning of fibres . myolysis and inter muscular haemorrhage. Al the highest dose levels, dellamelhrin caused significant brain lesions like gliosis, dark neurons, spongiform changes, neovascularisalion and ncuronal necrosis. Antio.xidanl assa\ on liver tissue at 200 and 40()ppm dose levels revealed the potent hepatoto.xic effects of deltamethrin mediated through free radicals as indicated b_\ an increase in the lipid peroxidase and decrease in reduced glutathione and super oxide dismutase. Deltamethrin also resulted in significant increase in blood glucose level and reduction in haemoglobin concentration of exposed chicks maintatined for four w eeks.