PATHOLOGY OF DELTAMETHRIN TOXICITY IN CHICK EMBRYO
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Date
2007
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College of Veterinary and Animal sciences, mannuthy
Abstract
The present study was taken up to investigate the cmbryotoxic and tcratogenic
effects of deltamethrin along with the effects on antioxidant mechanisms and on
haematological parameters.
The weight of the embryo, bursa and spleen, histopathology of liver. kidne_\.
brain, heart, spleen, bursa and thymus. antioxidant assax which includes estimation of
super oxide dismutase. lipid peroxidation . reduced glulathionc. and haematological
parameters such as total ervthrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin
concentration. . heterophil percentage, lymphocxte percentage and heterophil
Ixmphocyte ratio along with blood glucose level were the parameters analysed to
stud} the effects.
fhc study revealed a dose related increase in the embryo mortality in the
treatment groups with a maximum of 18 percent in group VI inoculated with
IbOOppm of deltamethrin. Deltamethrin was found to be teratogenic at the given dose
levels, fhe anomalies observed were shorter lower beak (prognathism). curled toe.
stumpy toes, syndactylism, shortened left limb, edema of the head and crossed beak
and live sticky chicks.
Deltamethrin did not cause any signil'icant gross lesions in the developing
embixos except mild haemorrhages. Deltamethrin did not result in any significanl
reduction in the weight of the embiw os or the weight of lymphoid organs.
On histopathological examination deltamethrin was found to be hepaioloxic
and nephrotoxic which was evident b} varx ing degrees of degeneration and necrosis
in lixer and kidnex. Tffect on lymphoid organs like spleen, thymus and bursa xvere
mild to moderate xvith predominance of degenerative changes. Dose related changes
xvere also observed in the heart xvhich included vacuolar degeneration, thinning of
fibres . myolysis and inter muscular haemorrhage. Al the highest dose levels,
dellamelhrin caused significant brain lesions like gliosis, dark neurons, spongiform
changes, neovascularisalion and ncuronal necrosis.
Antio.xidanl assa\ on liver tissue at 200 and 40()ppm dose levels revealed the
potent hepatoto.xic effects of deltamethrin mediated through free radicals as indicated
b_\ an increase in the lipid peroxidase and decrease in reduced glutathione and super
oxide dismutase.
Deltamethrin also resulted in significant increase in blood glucose level and
reduction in haemoglobin concentration of exposed chicks maintatined for four
w eeks.
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