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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION OF SYNBIOTIC CREAMED COTTAGE CHEESE(DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY SHETH M.C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Solanki Pintaben Pareshkumar; Dr. Sreeja V.The foods which contain certain health-promoting components which go beyond its basic nutrients are said to be functional foods. The demand for such foods is growing rapidly due to increasing health awareness in people. Foods containing probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics cover a major segment of the functional food market. Synbiotic foods comprise of a combination of probiotic and prebiotic ingredients in a single product. Prebiotic is intended to improve the survival and/or growth or performance of the probiotic or other beneficial bacteria in the colon, which in turn has a beneficial health effects on the host. Dairy products, especially the fermented category are used as the most popular food matrices for delivery of probiotic cultures. Among them, the cheese matrix, especially the fresh unripened category are considered more suitable for probiotic delivery as it creates a barrier against the highly acidic environment in the gastrointestinal tract and provides a more favourable environment for probiotic survival throughout the gastric transit due to its specific characteristics. Further, being the world’s largest producer of milk, the Indian cheese market holds significant growth potential. The cheese market in India is said to be driven by the increasing use of cheese not only in fast food items but also in traditional Indian recipes, growing working population and their altering food patterns and increasing awareness among consumers about the benefits of cheese which, in turn, is enhancing the demand for cheese. Hence there is ample room for the introduction of fresh category of cheeses such as synbiotic Cottage cheese. In this background, the current study aimed to develop a synbiotic creamed cottage cheese using indigenous probiotic culture.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF SELECTED DRYING TECHNIQUES FOR READY TO RECONSTITUTE COFFEE MIX(DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY ENGINEERING SHETH M.C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Mahla Karishmaben Manilal; Dr. C. S. BaladhiyaThis study was planned and conducted to develop a process for manufacture of a novel food product in which concentrated milk and concentrated coffee decoction is blended before drying in order to prepare a ready to reconstitute coffee mix. The study was divided in three phases as Phase I, II and III. In Phase I, optimization of processing parameters was carried out. Based on the preliminary trials, three ratios of Arabica and Robusta coffee beans (50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20), three drying methods (freeze dryer, vacuum tray dryer and tray dryer) and three ratios of concentrate coffee decoction and milk (1:4, 1:5, 1:6) were selected for optimization based on the sensory scores. The optimized process parameter were Arabica and Robusta coffee beans (70:30), drying methods (vacuum tray dryer) and the ratio of concentrate coffee decoction and milk (1:5). In Phase II, heat transfer analysis and energy requirement of optimized product prepared using selected drying techniques was done. Energy consumption observed in tray drying, vacuum tray drying and freeze drying were 9.457, 11.329 and 13.125 kWh/kg of blended coffee to milk mix, respectively. The cost of 1 kg ready to reconstitute coffee mix of the tray drying, vacuum tray drying and freeze drying was found to be Rs. 752.80 (raw material cost = Rs. 686.60 and drying process cost = Rs. 66.20), Rs. 765.90 (raw material cost = Rs. 686.60 and drying process cost = Rs. 79.30) and Rs. 793.20 (raw material cost = Rs. 686.60 and drying process cost = Rs. 106.60), respectively. In Phase III, evaluation of optimized products manufactured using selected drying techniques was done. The moisture (%) and total ash (%) of all the products complied with the FSSAI (2011) standard. Chemical quality parameters of coffee decoction viz.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON ACTIVITY OF SELECTED INDIGENOUS ENZYMES IN SURTI BUFFALO MILK(DAIRY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT SHETH M. C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Hirapara Anjnaben Ashokbhai; Dr. Amit Kumar JainThe information on the activity of indigenous enzymes in milk of various species and breeds of indigenous animals are lacking. Not much information is available on the activity of enzymes in buffalo milk and particularly that of indigenous breeds of buffalo milk. Moreover, there are no reported values on these aspects for Surti buffalo milk. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine proximate chemical composition and activity of selected indigenous enzymes of Surti buffalo milk. Pooled buffalo milk samples were collected from Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during August 2019 and March 2020. The fat, protein, lactose, ash and total solids content of Surti buffalo milk ranged from 5.97 to 9.77 per cent (mean value 7.38 per cent), 3.46 to 4.93 per cent (mean value 3.87 per cent), 4.54 to 5.98 per cent (mean value 5.04 per cent), 0.664 to 0.864 per cent (mean value 0.753 per cent) and 15.32 to 20.67 per cent (mean value 17.02 per cent) respectively.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF TWO ROW FERTILIZER APPLICATOR FOR SIDE DRESSING IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(DEPARTMENT OF FARM MACHINERY AND POWER ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GODHRA, 2020) Godhani. R.S.; Dr. Pankaj GuptaMaize (Zea mays L.) ranks third in total world production after wheat and rice and it is considered as the “Queen of Cereals”. In Indian Agriculture, maize has a special significance on an account of its utilization as food, feed and fodder besides several agro-based industries uses. Conventional method of applying fertilizers in standing maize crop is generally done manually. It involves problems like uneven spreading of fertilizers, more time and human effort, creating health hazards and loss of costly fertilizers. The problems faced by farmers in fertilizer application were taken care and a two row fertilizer applicator pushed by a single operator for side dressing in maize was developed. The performance of developed fertilizer applicator was evaluated at different independent parameters; forward speeds (0.3,0.4,0.5 m/s), no. of ground wheels (1 & 2 nos.) & varieties of maize (GM-3 & GAYMH-3) in terms of effective field capacity, theoretical field capacity, field efficiency, heart rate, comfort rating, grain yield and fodder. During the field evaluation, it was found that the developed fertilizer applicator performed better at 0.4 m/s forward speed with single ground wheel. The different performance parameters obtained were 0.136 & 0.161 ha/h EFC, 107.22 & 106.44 bpm heart rate, 3.00 & 3.00 comfort rating, 4847.22 & 5955.56 kg/ha grain yield and 7658.61 & 9171.56 kg/ha fodder for variety-1 & 2, respectively. The performance of developed fertilizer applicator was also compared with traditional manual method of side dressing in maize crop. The EFC of developed machine in case of vareiety-1 & vareiety-2 were found 57.35 & 54.65 % more, respectively as compared to traditional manual method. Also, fertilizer application was more comfortable than traditional method. The cost of operation (Rs./ha) and labour requirement (man-h/ha) for variety-1 & variety-2 were found 49.50 & 46.32 % and 57.56 & 54.83 % less for developed fertilizer applicator, respectively as compared to traditional method. The developed machine worked satisfactorily with expected payback period of 264.26 hour on hour basis.ThesisItem Open Access DRYING OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.) USING BIOMASS COMBUSTOR BASED DRYER(DEPARTMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY GODHRA, 2020) Er. CHAVDA JAGDISHKUMAR JAMNADAS; Dr. D. K. VyasBiomass is attracting great attention over the world as a source of renewable energy as well as an alternative to fossil fuels. It can be converted into solid, liquid and gaseous fuel depending on their physical availability. Beetroots are a rich source of vitamin C and nutrients. Beetroot powder has a natural red colour and can be used as food coloring agent in salads, jams, jellies, deserts, ice creams, beverages and many nutraceutical products and substitute for artificial red colour. Drying process plays an essential role in the preservation of agricultural produces. It enhances the shelf life and reduces water activity.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI FROM OTITIS EXTERNA IN DOGS AND ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES OF PSEUDOMONAS SPP.(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2020) Doshi Dhruvi M.; Dr. B. B. BhanderiDogs are affected with many bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Amongst all the diseases, otitis externa is one of the most common disease of the canines. It is defined as an acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear canal. Common clinical signs of otitis externa are head shaking, scratching the ears, otic discharge, evidence of self-trauma and excoriations, swelling and pain. The bacteria or yeasts organisms associated with cases of otitis externa are only opportunists and are not the primary pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence is a natural phenomenon accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. To combat this AMR bacteriophage are preferred as an alternative. A bacteriophage particle or virion consists of a single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA molecule, encapsulated inside a protein or lipoprotein coat. They are broadly divided into two categories: Lytic/Virulent phage and Lysogenic/Temperate phage. Looking towards the increasing prevalence of otitis in canine population and recognizing the importance of bacteriophages, the study was undertaken with following objectives viz. cultural isolation and identification of bacterial and yeast/fungal pathogens from otitic and healthy ears of dogs, biochemical characterization bacteria isolated, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates, isolation of bacteriophages from environmental samples and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial and phage DNA.ThesisItem Open Access PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDATIVE PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM FERMENTED CAMEL MILK(DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY SHETH M.C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Patel Darmishtaben Dipakbhai; Dr. Subrota HatiIn the first phase of the study, eight Lactobacillus cultures i.e. L. fermentum (KGL4, MF951099), L. fermentum (M4, MF951096), L. plantarum (KGL3A, G722814), L. casei (NK9, KR732325), L. rhamnosus (M8, MG027692), L. rhamnosus (M9, MG027693), L. paracasei (M11, MG027695), L. fermentum (M16, MG561928) were studied for the antioxidant activities (ABTS assay, Hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay and Superoxide free radical scavenging assay) and proteolytic activity based on which three Lactobacillus cultures were selected for further study. KGL4 exhibited highest antioxidant activity (64.03%), followed by KGL3A (62.19%), NK9 (61.19%), while M8 showed lowest ABTS assay (44.51%) at 48 h when incubated at 37 ºC. Similarly, KGL4 exhibited highest hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity (64.81%), followed by KGL3A (61.52%), NK9 (56.79%) at 37ºC for 48 h. KGL4 also showed maximum superoxide free radical scavenging assay (57.78 %), followed by NK9 (56.09 %), KGL3A (52.36 %), while M11 showed lowest superoxide scavenging activity (43.73 %) at 37ºC for 48 h.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HUMAN MILK AND INFANT FECES(DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY SHETH M.C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Darji Mansiben Pankajkumar; Dr. Sreeja V.Human milk and infant feces is considered to be a source of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with promising functional attributes and technological properties and hence a potential source of probiotics. Human milk contains several predominant bacteria, belonging to Genera Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium. The bacterial flora from the fecal samples mainly contained strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus avium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus salivarius. LAB isolated from Human milk and Infant feces might play an important role in the prevention and management of diseases particularly cancer and other communicable diseases. Cancer is a significant health problem all over the world. The number of cancer patients is expected to reach 11.5 million in 2030 worldwide. In India estimated number of people living with the cancer is around 2.25 million. Probiotics could reduce the risk of cancer by various mechanisms such as decreasing the bacterial enzyme activity, suppression of the growth of microbiota concerned with the production of mutagens and carcinogens, alteration in carcinogen metabolism, and protection of DNA from oxidative damage as well as regulation of immune system.ThesisItem Open Access PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM HYDROLYSED MILK PROTEIN(DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY SHETH M.C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2020) Chaudhari Hiral Mansinhbhai; Dr. Subrota HatiIn the first phase, Lactobacillus culture (Lb. helveticus MTCC5463) and two enzymes viz. Alcalase and Pepsin were studied for the antioxidant activity (ABTS assay), ACE inhibitory activity and proteolytic activity based on which alcalase was selected. The antioxidant activity (ABTS activity) of WPC hydrolysates with alcalase and pepsin was significantly (P<0.05) increased along with the rate of addition. Pepsin @ 1.0% exhibited highest antioxidant activity (81.40%), followed by Alcalase @ 1.0% (80.62%), Alcalase @ 0.5% (79.82%) and Pepsin @ 0.5% (77.58%) at 6 h, when incubated at 37°C for pepsin and 65°C for alcalase as well as Lb. helveticus (53.77%) at 48 h, when incubated at 37ºC in 5% WPC-70 solution. ACE inhibitory activity of WPC hydrolysates and fermentate was in the range of 61.12 to 78.51%. Alcalase @ 1.0% exhibited highest ACE inhibitory activity (78.51%), followed by Pepsin @ 1.0% (71.80%), Alcalase @ 0.5% (70.31%) and Pepsin @ 0.5% (66.87%) for 6 h at 37°C for pepsin and 65°C for alcalase as well as Lb. helveticus (61.12%) for 48 h, when incubated at 37ºC in 5% WPC-70 solution. Proteolytic activity was also significantly increased with the rate of additions. Alcalase @ 1.0% exhibited highest proteolytic (OPA) activity (17.67 mg/ml), followed by Pepsin @ 1.0% (15.74 mg/ml), Alcalase @ 0.5% (15.56 mg/ml) and Pepsin @ 0.5% (11.82 mg/ml) at 6 h, when incubated at 37°C for pepsin and 65°C for alcalase as well as Lb. helveticus (8.27 mg/ml) for 48 h, when incubated at 37ºC in 5.0% WPC-70 solution. Alcalase showed highest ACE inhibitory activity and proteolytic activity than Pepsin and L. helveticus.That’s why, Alcalase was selected and consider for further study.
