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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERS AND PRESERVATION OF SURTI BUCK SEMEN UNDER REFRIGERATION AND DEEP FREEZING AND THEIR FERTILITY TRIALS(AAU, Anand, 1989) Deshpande, Satish Balkrishna; Mehta, V. M.In the present studies on Surti buck semen (i) Physical characters (ii) Effect of dilutors viz., Egg Yolk Citrate (EYC), Tris Egg Yolk Citric Acid Fructose (TEYCAF) and Goat Milk and dilution rates (1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) on sperm motility and live sperm count at different hours of preservation (0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96) and (iii) effect of dilutors i.e. Egg Yolk Citrate Fructose Glycerol (EYCFG), Tris Egg Yolk Citric Acid Fructose Glycerol (TEYCAFG) and Goat milk glycerol (Goat-milk G) with three different levels (4, 5 or 6 per cent) of glycerol on pre-freeze (P1 and P2) and post-freeze (P3 and P4) sperm motility and live sperm count were studied.ThesisItem Open Access A SURVEY STUDY ON THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY OF DIARRHOEA IN HOSPITAL POPULATION OF DOGS(AAU, Anand, 1989) JANI, RAJESH G.; Dave, M. R.Diarrhoea in young dogs is one of the main factors causing variable morbidity and mortality. The present study was taken up to survey canine population at Veterinary College Hospital, Anand and to investigate clinico - pathological changes in diarrhoeic dogs during the period from August, 1988 to April, 1989, with a view to correlate such changes with prognosis and early diagnosis so that proper therapeutic measures can be taken up. A total of 666 clinical cases of dogs were screened. Out of them 129 dogs (19.3 per cent) were found to be clinical oases of diarrhoea. From these cases. 108 dogs were selected randomly for detailed symptomatology, faecal analysis (bacteria, parasites, fat droplets and enzymes), haematology (Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and DLC), biochemistry (Blood glucose, BUN and Total plasma protein), serotyping of E.Goli and drug sensitivity along with the control group of ten healthy dogs.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GROWTH PATTERN AND ECONOMICS OF CALF REARING IN INTER - SE MATED JERSEY X KANKREJ CROSSBREDS(AAU, Anand, 1989) DHANGAR, MAHESH R.; Patel, J. M.A study was carried out in inter-se mated Jersey x Kankrej crossbred calves to investigate the pattern of growth and economics of calf rearing from birth to 6 months of age. A total of 93 calves born at Livestock Research Station, Anand from 30th Oct, 1987 to 30th Oct, 1988 were included in the study. The mean body weight of this calves was 20.15 ± 0.34, 66.15 ± 1.19 and 99.47 ± 2.26 kg at birth, 4 month (weaning) and 6 month of age. The association between body weight of female calves at 4 and 6 months of age was significant(P<0.01).ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY INDEX AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN A WLH STRAIN(AAU, Anand, 1988) Rank, Dharamshibhai N.; Shukla, R. K.Genetic aspects of performance Efficiency Index (PEI) and its component traits at different stages of production were studied using performance data from 273 pedigreed pullets belonging to 19 sire families of M line WLH birds. The traits studied included PEI and its component traits viz., percentage egg production (%P), egg weight (EW), body weight (BW) and daily feed cosumption/bird (FC/Day) as well as age at first egg (AFE), body weight at 20 (BW20), 40 (BW40) and 72 weeks of age (BW72), egg number upto 40 (EN21-40) and 72 weeks of age (BW72), egg number upto 40 (EN21-40) and 72 weeks of age (EN21-72), egg weight at 40(EW40) and 72 weeks of age (EM21-72), cumulative feed consumption/bird upto 40 (FC21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC21-72), daily feed consumption/bird at 40 (FC/Day 21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/DE21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/DE21-72), feed consumption/kilo of eggs at 40 (FC/KE21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/KE21-72).ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIO-PATHOLOGY OF SUMMER STRESS IN LAYERS(AAU, Anand, 1989) GHODASARA, D. J.; Prajapati, K. S.The present study was made on layer birds kept at AICRP on poultry, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The study was conducted during extreme period of summer heat. For comparison, base level data were obtained by conducting similar study during comfortable environmental temperature of winter season .The experimental birds were divided into five groups with different housing and managemental systems. Samples like blood, serum, plasma and tissues were collected during morning and after-noon from each group and used for the study. Study was also made on natural cases of heat stroke and FLHS. Relationship of heat stress with incidence of FLHS as well as effect of housing system were also analysed. Concentration, of thyroid hormone in plasma was significantly decreased during summer season. Serum cholesterol level decreased during summer season as well as in after-noon than morning serum samples, suggesting lowered functioning of liver under heat stress. Relative weight of adrenal gland was increased during summer season, indicating increased activity of adrenal gland. Short term increase in temperature caused increase in the glucose level while, birds exposed for long period of high cyclic temperature (summer season) caused decrease in level of blood glucose. Activities of AXF and ALT increased during summer season. Thesealso increased in after-noon samples during summer season. The level of AKP was significantly higher in cage birds than deep litter birds during summer season, suggesting more stress of caging. Heat stress and housing systems did not cause any significant change in the level of total serum protein and sodium. Concentration of potassium and calcium was decreased in summer season. Potassium concentration was also decreased in after-noon serum sample in all the groups. Effects of heat stress and housing systems did not alter - the values of haemoglobin, PCV and R3C count. Total leukocytic count was significantly decreased during summer season. Further the after-noon blood samples also showed decrease in TLC in summer season. Absolute count of heterophil increased and lymphocytic count decreased during summer season. Number of heterophil was also increased in after-noon blood samples during summer season while, it was reverse for lymphocyte. Seasons and housing systems did not cause any significant change in the number of eosinophils and monocytes. Increase in environmental temperature directly correlated with the increase in H:L ratio and was found to be a good measure of stress to the chickens. Birds sacrificed in the after-noon during summer season showed mild fatty changes in liver and congestion in trachea and lungs. Severity of these lesions increased in the birds, died due to heat stroke. Birds under summer groups showed variable degree of hyperplasia of interrenal cells of adrenal gland. Thyroid acini were lined by flattened epithelium. More or less similar microscopic lesions were also observed in the birds, died due to heat stroke, but severity was increased. Amount of fat deposition increased in the liver samples, collected in the after-noon during summer season. Maximum mortality due to heat stroke was observed in the month of May. Increase in mortality due to FLHS was correlated directly to increase in the environmental temperature. Mortality due to FLHS v/as significantly higher in the cage birds than deep litter birds. Striking gross lesions in FLHS were highly friable and fatty liver leading to rupture and fatal internal haemorrhages. Liver sections stained with Oil Red 0 from cases of heat stroke and FLHS showed increased deposition of lipid in hepatic cells.ThesisItem Open Access GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS, FOR IMPORTANT ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SEVEN STRAINCROSSES OF WHITE LEGHORN BIRDS(AAU, Anand, 1988) KHARADl, VISHNUPRASAD B.; Shukla, R. K.Seven strain crosses of white Leghorn were subjected to comparative evaluation under cage and deep litter housing during the year 1986-87 at the testing centre of A.I.C.R.P. on Poultry, G.A.U., Anand. The phenotypic correlation and regression of annual performance on part year (280 days) performance, in respect of economic traits, were also estimated. The overall averages of egg numbers (H.H. basis) egg numbers (H.D. basis), rate o£ lay (H.H. basis), rate o£ lay (H.D. basis), egg weight, feed consumption per bird per day, feed consvunption per dozen of eggs, feed consumption per kilo of egg mass and performance efficiency index were 100.54 ± 1.09, 102.47 ± 0.95, 71.76 ± 0.78%, 73.19 ± 0.68%. 48.07 ± 0.16 g, 101.426 ± 0.585 g, 1.712 ± 0.022 kg, 2.986 ± 0.042 kg and 28.88 ± 0.36 pexrcent respectively for part period (21-40 week), 115.91 ± 2,00, 126.34 ± 1.75, 59.14 ± 1.02%, 64.46 ± 0.89%. 51.71 ± 0.18 g, 104.135 ± 1.064 g, 2.166 + 0.048 kg, 3.492 ± 0.077 kg and 27.52 ± 0.044 per cent respectively for residual period (41 to 68 week) and 212,32 ± 2.98, 229.43 ± 2.31, 63.19 ± 0.89%, 68.25 ± 0.69%, 49.99 ± 0,15 g, 102.774 ± 0.762 g, 1.986 ± 0.036 kg, 3.316 ± 0.064 kg and 27.59 ± 0.38 per cent respectively for annual (21 to 68 week) period. Analysis of variance revealed that the effects of genetic groups, housing systems and their interactions were important in influencing the performance of the pullets. The phenotypic correlation and regression of annual performance with part year (280 days) performance for various economic traits were positive and significantly higher.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATION BY LEVAMISOLE ALONG WITH VACCINATION IN CHICKS AGAINST RANIKHET DISEASE AND IN CALVES AGAINST HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA(AAU, Anand, 1985) VYAS, GIRISH P.; DHOLAKIA, P. M.The present study was aimed assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of levamisole along with vaccination in chicks against RanikhetDisease (R.D.) and in calves against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (H.S.) in relation to serum antibody titres, effect of dose of levamisole, total immunity period and electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins after immunization and treatment with levamisole. In all 560 serum samples from 140 chicks belonging to Central Poultry Research Station and 100 serum samples from 20 calves belonging to Livestock Research Station of Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand were subjected to Haemaggulutination Inhibition (H.I.) test, Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) test, Sodium sulfite precipitation test and Agar gel electrophoresis.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF KHOA AND PENDA(AAU, Anand, 1988) MIYANI, RAGHAVBHAI VALLABHBHAI; VYAS, S. H.The influences of variation in treatments given to buffalo and cow milk (prior to khoa and penda making) such as standardization of milk to 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 fat/SNF ratio, initial acidity in milk of 0.16, 0.18, 0.20, 0.22 and 0.24 per cent (as LA); additives - sodium citrate to milk at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 per cent (on MTS basis) for khoa and sugar at 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent (on MTS basis) for penda, preconcentration of milk to 30, 35 and 40 per cent TS content and homogenization of milk at 50, 100 and 150 kg/cm2 pressure on chemical, rheological and sensory qualities of khoa and penda were studied. The two type of milks, namely cow and buffalo, used for khoa and penda making had significant effect on chemical composition, rheological attributes and sensory profile of both khoa and penda. However, the specific effect on particular attribute studied for different treatments was not identical in all cases in the products made from cow and buffalo milks. As the fat/SNF ratio in milk increased, there was significant increase in MFFS, TS, fat, FDM, free fat and sensory quality and reduction in protein and ash contents as well as values of all Theological parameters of khoa. In case of penda the increase in fat/SNF ratio of milk caused significant increase in MFFS, fat, FDM, free fat, acidity and acceptability score (only upto 0.5 ratio) and reduction in protein, total sugar and ash contents as well as all rheological properties. The initial acidity of cow and buffalo milk used for khoa and penda making had no significant effect on chemical composition of these products, except on ash and acidity values of khoa and MFFS and acidity of penda. All the rheological attributes of these products showed declining trend at elevated level of acidity. Increase in acidity upto 0.18 per cent showed improvement in the organoleptic characteristics of khoa and penda and theraafter quality of these products was impaired. Addition of sodium citrate had very little influence on the chemical composition of khoa, whereas it influenced the rheological properties (gumminess, springiness and chewiness) and flavour profile of khoa significantly, the former showing a declining trend at higher level of addition. Organoleptically best khoa was obtained with 0.2 per cent (on MTS basis) addition of sodium citrate. The level of sugar addition in penda altered the chemical composition,rheological properties as well as acceptability score. Higher rate of addition caused significant decrease in MFFS, fat, FDM, protein, ash contents and springiness whereas total sugar and hardness increased significantly, Penda with highest acceptability score was obtained with addition of 60 per cent (on MTS basis) sugar. Use of preconeentrated milk having different total solids had no influence on chemical composition and rheological attributes of khoa and penda. On the otherhand, use of preconcentrated milk having total solids upto 35 per cent improved the sensory score of khoa but not in case of penda. Homogenization of milk did not change the chemical composition of khoa except free fat content which was significantly reduced at higher pressures. Whereas in case of penda homogenization treatment caused significant changes in MFFS, TS and free fat contents. Rheological properties of khoa (except brittleness) and penda were significantly influenced by variation in homogenization, pressure all these properties except cohesiveness of khoa had lower values than the unhomogenized controls. In case of khoa there was improvement in the organoleptic quality at the lowest (i.e. 50 kg/cm2) pressure used whereas in case of penda it resulted in slight decline in the acceptability score. At higher pressures, organoleptic quality of khoa and penda showed deterioration. It can be concluded from the findings of the present study that khoa and penda with desired chemical composition, rheological attributes and sensory profile can be obtained using independently. 1. Milk standardized to 0.5 fat/SNF ratio, 2. Milk having acidity upto 0.18 per cent (as LA). 3. Additives - sodium citrate upto 0.2 per cent (on MTS basis) in case of khoa and sugar upto 60 per cent (on MTS basis) in case of penda, 4. Preconcentrated milk having total solids upto 30 per cent (in case of penda) and 35 per cent (in case of khoa) 5. Homogenization of milk at 50 kg/cm2 at 60°C. Moreover, objective rheological assessment can be made use of for better quality control of these indigenous milk products.ThesisItem Unknown MANUFACTURE OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE FROM BUFFALO MILK AND JUDGING ITS SUITABILITY FOR PIZZA AND PROCESSED CHEESE MAKING(AAU, Anand, 1984) Patel, Gauravkumar Chandrakant; Vyas, S. H.Two methods of manufacturing the Mozzarella cheese were used - starter method and direct acidification method. In either method, cheese were made both from pasteurised and raw buffalo milk standardized to two fat levels of 3 and 6 per cent each. Thus in each replication, eight different batches of Mozzarella cheese were prepared. The effects of each treatment and those of all possible combinations of treatments on the composition and yield of fresh cheese; recovery of milk constituents in cheese and their losses in whey and molding water; baking properities like meltability and fat leakage; rheological parameters like viscosity, elasticity and springiness; organoleptic quality of fresh cheeses; and changes in acidity, pH, acid degree value, tyrosine content and organoleptic quality during refrigerated storage of cheese upto two weeks were studied. The experimental Mozzarella cheese at two levels (25 per cent and 35 per cent) as a par of processed cheese were tried out and organoleptically evaluated. The Mozzarella cheese was also used in actual baking trials on pizza.