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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERS AND PRESERVATION OF SURTI BUCK SEMEN UNDER REFRIGERATION AND DEEP FREEZING AND THEIR FERTILITY TRIALS(AAU, Anand, 1989) Deshpande, Satish Balkrishna; Mehta, V. M.In the present studies on Surti buck semen (i) Physical characters (ii) Effect of dilutors viz., Egg Yolk Citrate (EYC), Tris Egg Yolk Citric Acid Fructose (TEYCAF) and Goat Milk and dilution rates (1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) on sperm motility and live sperm count at different hours of preservation (0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96) and (iii) effect of dilutors i.e. Egg Yolk Citrate Fructose Glycerol (EYCFG), Tris Egg Yolk Citric Acid Fructose Glycerol (TEYCAFG) and Goat milk glycerol (Goat-milk G) with three different levels (4, 5 or 6 per cent) of glycerol on pre-freeze (P1 and P2) and post-freeze (P3 and P4) sperm motility and live sperm count were studied.ThesisItem Open Access A SURVEY STUDY ON THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY OF DIARRHOEA IN HOSPITAL POPULATION OF DOGS(AAU, Anand, 1989) JANI, RAJESH G.; Dave, M. R.Diarrhoea in young dogs is one of the main factors causing variable morbidity and mortality. The present study was taken up to survey canine population at Veterinary College Hospital, Anand and to investigate clinico - pathological changes in diarrhoeic dogs during the period from August, 1988 to April, 1989, with a view to correlate such changes with prognosis and early diagnosis so that proper therapeutic measures can be taken up. A total of 666 clinical cases of dogs were screened. Out of them 129 dogs (19.3 per cent) were found to be clinical oases of diarrhoea. From these cases. 108 dogs were selected randomly for detailed symptomatology, faecal analysis (bacteria, parasites, fat droplets and enzymes), haematology (Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and DLC), biochemistry (Blood glucose, BUN and Total plasma protein), serotyping of E.Goli and drug sensitivity along with the control group of ten healthy dogs.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GROWTH PATTERN AND ECONOMICS OF CALF REARING IN INTER - SE MATED JERSEY X KANKREJ CROSSBREDS(AAU, Anand, 1989) DHANGAR, MAHESH R.; Patel, J. M.A study was carried out in inter-se mated Jersey x Kankrej crossbred calves to investigate the pattern of growth and economics of calf rearing from birth to 6 months of age. A total of 93 calves born at Livestock Research Station, Anand from 30th Oct, 1987 to 30th Oct, 1988 were included in the study. The mean body weight of this calves was 20.15 ± 0.34, 66.15 ± 1.19 and 99.47 ± 2.26 kg at birth, 4 month (weaning) and 6 month of age. The association between body weight of female calves at 4 and 6 months of age was significant(P<0.01).ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY INDEX AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN A WLH STRAIN(AAU, Anand, 1988) Rank, Dharamshibhai N.; Shukla, R. K.Genetic aspects of performance Efficiency Index (PEI) and its component traits at different stages of production were studied using performance data from 273 pedigreed pullets belonging to 19 sire families of M line WLH birds. The traits studied included PEI and its component traits viz., percentage egg production (%P), egg weight (EW), body weight (BW) and daily feed cosumption/bird (FC/Day) as well as age at first egg (AFE), body weight at 20 (BW20), 40 (BW40) and 72 weeks of age (BW72), egg number upto 40 (EN21-40) and 72 weeks of age (BW72), egg number upto 40 (EN21-40) and 72 weeks of age (EN21-72), egg weight at 40(EW40) and 72 weeks of age (EM21-72), cumulative feed consumption/bird upto 40 (FC21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC21-72), daily feed consumption/bird at 40 (FC/Day 21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/DE21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/DE21-72), feed consumption/kilo of eggs at 40 (FC/KE21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/KE21-72).ThesisItem Open Access PHYSIO-PATHOLOGY OF SUMMER STRESS IN LAYERS(AAU, Anand, 1989) GHODASARA, D. J.; Prajapati, K. S.The present study was made on layer birds kept at AICRP on poultry, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The study was conducted during extreme period of summer heat. For comparison, base level data were obtained by conducting similar study during comfortable environmental temperature of winter season .The experimental birds were divided into five groups with different housing and managemental systems. Samples like blood, serum, plasma and tissues were collected during morning and after-noon from each group and used for the study. Study was also made on natural cases of heat stroke and FLHS. Relationship of heat stress with incidence of FLHS as well as effect of housing system were also analysed. Concentration, of thyroid hormone in plasma was significantly decreased during summer season. Serum cholesterol level decreased during summer season as well as in after-noon than morning serum samples, suggesting lowered functioning of liver under heat stress. Relative weight of adrenal gland was increased during summer season, indicating increased activity of adrenal gland. Short term increase in temperature caused increase in the glucose level while, birds exposed for long period of high cyclic temperature (summer season) caused decrease in level of blood glucose. Activities of AXF and ALT increased during summer season. Thesealso increased in after-noon samples during summer season. The level of AKP was significantly higher in cage birds than deep litter birds during summer season, suggesting more stress of caging. Heat stress and housing systems did not cause any significant change in the level of total serum protein and sodium. Concentration of potassium and calcium was decreased in summer season. Potassium concentration was also decreased in after-noon serum sample in all the groups. Effects of heat stress and housing systems did not alter - the values of haemoglobin, PCV and R3C count. Total leukocytic count was significantly decreased during summer season. Further the after-noon blood samples also showed decrease in TLC in summer season. Absolute count of heterophil increased and lymphocytic count decreased during summer season. Number of heterophil was also increased in after-noon blood samples during summer season while, it was reverse for lymphocyte. Seasons and housing systems did not cause any significant change in the number of eosinophils and monocytes. Increase in environmental temperature directly correlated with the increase in H:L ratio and was found to be a good measure of stress to the chickens. Birds sacrificed in the after-noon during summer season showed mild fatty changes in liver and congestion in trachea and lungs. Severity of these lesions increased in the birds, died due to heat stroke. Birds under summer groups showed variable degree of hyperplasia of interrenal cells of adrenal gland. Thyroid acini were lined by flattened epithelium. More or less similar microscopic lesions were also observed in the birds, died due to heat stroke, but severity was increased. Amount of fat deposition increased in the liver samples, collected in the after-noon during summer season. Maximum mortality due to heat stroke was observed in the month of May. Increase in mortality due to FLHS was correlated directly to increase in the environmental temperature. Mortality due to FLHS v/as significantly higher in the cage birds than deep litter birds. Striking gross lesions in FLHS were highly friable and fatty liver leading to rupture and fatal internal haemorrhages. Liver sections stained with Oil Red 0 from cases of heat stroke and FLHS showed increased deposition of lipid in hepatic cells.ThesisItem Open Access GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS, FOR IMPORTANT ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SEVEN STRAINCROSSES OF WHITE LEGHORN BIRDS(AAU, Anand, 1988) KHARADl, VISHNUPRASAD B.; Shukla, R. K.Seven strain crosses of white Leghorn were subjected to comparative evaluation under cage and deep litter housing during the year 1986-87 at the testing centre of A.I.C.R.P. on Poultry, G.A.U., Anand. The phenotypic correlation and regression of annual performance on part year (280 days) performance, in respect of economic traits, were also estimated. The overall averages of egg numbers (H.H. basis) egg numbers (H.D. basis), rate o£ lay (H.H. basis), rate o£ lay (H.D. basis), egg weight, feed consumption per bird per day, feed consvunption per dozen of eggs, feed consumption per kilo of egg mass and performance efficiency index were 100.54 ± 1.09, 102.47 ± 0.95, 71.76 ± 0.78%, 73.19 ± 0.68%. 48.07 ± 0.16 g, 101.426 ± 0.585 g, 1.712 ± 0.022 kg, 2.986 ± 0.042 kg and 28.88 ± 0.36 pexrcent respectively for part period (21-40 week), 115.91 ± 2,00, 126.34 ± 1.75, 59.14 ± 1.02%, 64.46 ± 0.89%. 51.71 ± 0.18 g, 104.135 ± 1.064 g, 2.166 + 0.048 kg, 3.492 ± 0.077 kg and 27.52 ± 0.044 per cent respectively for residual period (41 to 68 week) and 212,32 ± 2.98, 229.43 ± 2.31, 63.19 ± 0.89%, 68.25 ± 0.69%, 49.99 ± 0,15 g, 102.774 ± 0.762 g, 1.986 ± 0.036 kg, 3.316 ± 0.064 kg and 27.59 ± 0.38 per cent respectively for annual (21 to 68 week) period. Analysis of variance revealed that the effects of genetic groups, housing systems and their interactions were important in influencing the performance of the pullets. The phenotypic correlation and regression of annual performance with part year (280 days) performance for various economic traits were positive and significantly higher.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH YIELDING DWARF VARIETIES OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)(AAU, Anand, 1982) AMIN, ANILKUMAR U.; Damor, U. M.With an objective to study the performance of dsarf wheat varieties (F. aestivum L.) to various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, an investigation was carried out at the Agronomy Farm of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand during rabi season on the year 1981-82. Twenty four treatment combinations involving two varieties viz., Lok-1 and Sonalike, four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) were laid in split plot design with four replications.ThesisItem Open Access RENIFORM NEMATODE, ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS LINFORD AND OLIVEIRA, 1940 IN TOBACCO(AAU, Anand, 1982) Patel, Davabhai Jethabhai; Desai, M. V.The experiments on reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, in bidi tobacco conducted to study the life cycle, effect of temperature and pH on hatching of eggs, nematode survival and virulence/ histopathology, effect of nematode on seed germination and seedling development, inoculum potential in relation to growth of tobacco seedlings and reaction of tobacco.varieties to nematode revealed that R. reniformis completed its life cycle from egg to egg in 27 to 32 days at 30 to 32°C on bidi tobacco variety Anand 119, The fecundity of nematode was on an average 83 eggs per egg mass and reproduction was amphimitic. Among the different temperatures (5 to 45°C with an increment of 5°C) studied, egg hatching of nematode was significantly more a t 30°C as compared to the rest, while per cent nematode survival was significantly-more at 15°C than at the remaining temperatures. But the nematode virulence on castor variety Anand 6-4 was significantly more when incubated at 5°C as compared to the remaining temperatures. As regards the different pH levels (2 to 10 with an increment of one), nematode egg hatching was significantly more at 7 pH than the remaining levels. The nematode survival was significantly more at 9 pH than the rest, while nematode virulence on castor variety Anand 6-4 was significantly more at 9 pH than the rest barring 8 pH. Histopathological studies indicated that young female penetrated the epidermal and cortical parenchyma tissues and reached the endodermal layers intracellularly through parenchyma. The orie third anterior portion of the female remained embedded in the root. Several cells of pericycle layer surrounding the head of the nematode formed giant cells. R. reniformis reduced 36,36, 57.56, 7.91, 64.32 and 23.91 per cent reduction in seed germination, green and oven dry seedlings weights as well as number of transplantable and total seedlings over sterilized soil. The nematode also retarded the nutrients uptake by tobacco seedlings to the tune of 9.83 (Nitrogen) ,1.75 (phosphorus), 5.93 (Potassium), 10.70 (Calcium) and 1-8.59 (Magnesium) per cent under infected soil. The nema population increased from the initial level of 250 to 1400 per 100 g of soil in 45 days. Among different levels of inoculum (o, 10, loo, 1,000 and 10,000 nematodes per pot), the inoculum level of 100 nematodes per pot and above reduced the green shoot weight and plant height of tobacco seedlings. The level of 10,000 nematodes per pot while being at par with the level of 1,000 nematodes per pot had significant depressing effect on green root and green as well as dry shoot weights of tobacco seedlings as compared to the rest barring the level of 100 nematodes per pot. The level of 10,000 nematodes per pot reduced significantly less plant height as compared to the rest. The soil population per pot and total number of nematodes per plant increased significantly upto 1000 nematodes per pot, thereafter, the population did not increase significantly in the level of 10,000 nematodes per pot. similarly the reproduction of R. reniformis increased with an increase in nema population upto 3,000 nematodes per pot (0 to 5.14), It was low (0.69) in the level of 10,000 nematodes per pot. Likewise nutrients uptake also decreased with an increase in nema population and inverse correlationship observed between inoculum levels and nutrients uptake was very high with the variation in coefficient from -0.865 to -0.706. Ihe reaction of tobacco varieties viz. Anand 2, Anand 119, Dharmaj Kaliu (DK), S 20, GT 4, K 49, K 20 and Kumkumathri (Bidi types), Anand 145, and 47-75 (Chewing types) and CTRI Special, 16-103 and VaSCR (VFC types) to R. reniformis revealed none to be free from R. reniformis infestation. Varieties GT 4, Anand 145 and Anand 2 were less preferred hosts while VaSCR was highly preferred by R. reniformis. The rest of the varieties were intermediate.ThesisItem Open Access SURVIVAL RATES OF STRAINS OF LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS IN WHEAT, GRAB AND MUNG FLOURS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON IMPLANTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISOLATES(AAU, Anand, 1982) PATEL, D. R.; Dave, J. M.The present study was framed and conducted to determine the survival rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates in wheat, gram and mung flours and their effects on implantation characteristics of the isolates. The strains of L. acidophilus LB, LB1 and LB2 were isolated from the feces of bottle-fed infants and were identified by physiological and bio-chemical tests. One strain of L. acidophilus KMS-301 was procured from N.D.R.I., Karnal, and one each strain of Escherichia coli and lactose fermenting yeast was obtained from the Department of Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Science College, Anand.