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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYSIOTHERAPY IN VETERINARY PATIENTS(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINAR SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2021) RATNU DEVANGINI ANIRUDDHASINH; DR. P. V. PARIKHIn present study, the incidence of locomotor system wherein physiotherapy can be employed along with evaluation of the efficacy of physiotherapy alone or along with surgical and medical management for musculoskeletal, neurological and soft tissue injuries in veterinary patients was studied from January 2018 to January 2021.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICO- THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF LOWER URINARY TRACT AFFECTIONS IN DOGS(Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2019) Jignesh J. Parmar; P. V. ParikhThe present study entitled “Clinico-diagnosis and Surgico-therapeutic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Affections in Dogs” was conducted on dogs with dysuria, retained urine, haematuria and other clinical signs relating to affections of lower urinary tract at Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) and referred to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during the year September 2017 to July-2019.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHACOEMULSIFICATION IN CATARACTOUS DOGS(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) KELAWALA DIVYESH NARESHBHAI; Dr. P. V. ParikhCataracts are the most common cause of treatable visual deficits and blindness in dogs. Phacoemulsification has become an art of surgical procedure for management of cataract surgery. The present clinical study on phacoemulsification was conducted on 20 dogs to remove the cataractous lens. Out of the 20 eyes, +41.00 D multifocal diffractive - refractive foldable, biconvex, UV blocking, hydrophilic acrylic plate haptics intraocular lens with 14.00 mm length and 7.00 mm optical diameter was implanted in 10 eyes and the rest of 10 eyes were left aphakic. A high incidence of cataract in dogs was seen in females (65%), geriatric (8-15 years, 65%) cases with mature cataract (75%) and senility (60%) as the major cause. Prior to the surgery, all dogs were subjected to detailed ophthalmic examination and routine haematology and serum biochemical analysis. Six dogs with IOL implant were subjected to electroretinography as useful adjunct test for pre- and post-operative evaluations of retinal functions in conjunction with cataract surgery. The Mean+SE of b/a ratio for six dogs with cataract was 3.70+0.63. Mean peak to peak amplitudes seemed to be smaller for each dogs with b/a ratio higher than the normal range (2.33+0.73). The visual outcome achieved was evaluated based on visual function tests, ERG and fundic examination.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MANGANESE CHLORIDE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ITS COMPARISON WITH DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE IN ATTENUATING REPERFUSION INJURY AFTER ISCHAEMIC STRANGULATION OBSTRUCTION OF JEJUNUM IN COWS(AAU, Anand, 1994) Mistry, Jayantilal N.; PARSANIA, R. R.The experiment was conducted in two parts , each consisting of 15 adult purebred ( Jersey/Holstein Friesian) cows. In first part, two doses of manganese chloride (MnCl2) were evaluated to observe its effect of scavenging the oxygen-free radicals, with minimum adverse clinical effects. For this , animals were allotted to three groups of five each. In the control group (I) one litre of normal saline solution (NSS) was administered intravenously, while in groups I I and III MnCl2 @ 10mg/kg and 15 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were infused with one litre NSS. Based on various clinical signs, percentage of nitroblue tetrazolium ( NET ) reduction inhibition, plasma manganese ( Mn ) concentration and different haematological and biochemical constituents, the dose of MnCl2 @ 10mg/kg body weight was used for further investigations. In second part, the effect of MnCl2 and dimethyl sulphoxide ( DMSO ) in attenuating reperfusion injury after ischaemic strangulation obstiruction ( ISO ) in jejunum of 15 cows, allotted to three groups, was studied. The ISO model consisted of creation of four hours ischaemia of 60 cm long jejunal loop by ligating mesenteric vessels with cotton thread and mural ligation with file tags followed by subsequent reperfusion for 24 hours by releasing the obstructions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INCIDENCE, DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF MILK FLOW DISORDERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THELORESECTOSCOPY IN DAIRY ANIMALS.(AAU, Anand, 2012) JHALA, S. K.; PARIKH, P. V.The present study was done to record the incidence of milk flow disorders (MFD) in dairy animals in and around Anand and to evaluate the efficacy of conventional surgery/theloresectoscopy for the management of teat disorders. Out of 1972 animals reviewed for MFD, hard milkers were recorded in 44 cows and 62 buffaloes, whereas teat spider in 36 cows and 15 buffaloes. Out of these, 29 cattle and 21 buffaloes with MFD were subjected to detailed investigations using radiography, ultrasonography and theloscopy. Prevalence of MFD was highest in the age group of 6 - 7 years, during the 3rd or 4th lactation. Clinical examination revealed rear quarters to be more affected than fore in both cattle and buffaloes. In cattle proximal and middle portions of the teat were more involved than distal, whereas in buffaloes the distal part was more affected. The site of obstruction i.e., middle to proximal part of the teat (16 teats) and at Furstenberg's rosette (04 teats) were diagnosed using contrast (iopromide) radiography. B mode ultrasonography was performed in 30 teats, wherein anatomical and pathological details of the affected teats were best obtained using 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Visualization of teat cistern was superior with contact gel technique and that of distal portion of teat with water bath technique. Theloscopy offered direct visualization of internal teat cavity and accurate determination of lesions in 30 teats. During theloscopy better visualization was obtained after rinsing with sterile saline and removal of residual alveolar milk following intravenous oxytocin administration. Conventional surgical technique using BP blade No. 15 was optimal in treating hard milkers (28 cases). Twenty two cases of membranous teat obstructions (teat spiders) were successfully resected using theloresectoscopy restoring the patency for milk flow. Theloresectoscopy facilitated fulguration of membranous obstructions (teat spider) in 22 cases using a loop cautery connected to monopolar electrosurgical unit. On cultural examination of milk samples, isolates of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococci spp., Arcanobacterium spp. and Escherichia spp were obtained which on antibiogram were sensitive to Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone, Enrofloxacin, Oflaxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin, Streptomycin and Cefixime. The milk samples collected at immediate postoperative period showed high somatic cell count which decreased to near normal by 21st post operative day in majority of the cases. Theloscopy facilitated non-invasive direct visualization of the internal teat structures, while theloresectoscopy fulguration of teat spider.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INCIDENCE, DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF MILK FLOW DISORDERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THELORESECTOSCOPY IN DAIRY ANIMALS(AAU, Anand, 2012) JHALA, SHIVRAJSINH KISHORSINH; PARIKH, P. V.The present study was done to record the incidence of milk flow disorders (MFD) in dairy animals in and around Anand and to evaluate the efficacy of conventional surgery/theloresectoscopy for the management of teat disorders. Out of 1972 animals reviewed for MFD, hard milkers were recorded in 44 cows and 62 buffaloes, whereas teat spider in 36 cows and 15 buffaloes. Out of these, 29 cattle and 21 buffaloes with MFD were subjected to detailed investigations using radiography, ultrasonography and theloscopy. Prevalence of MFD was highest in the age group of 6 - 7 years, during the 3rd or 4th lactation. Clinical examination revealed rear quarters to be more affected than fore in both cattle and buffaloes. In cattle proximal and middle portions of the teat were more involved than distal, whereas in buffaloes the distal part was more affected. The site of obstruction i.e., middle to proximal part of the teat (16 teats) and at Furstenberg's rosette (04 teats) were diagnosed using contrast (iopromide) radiography. B mode ultrasonography was performed in 30 teats, wherein anatomical and pathological details of the affected teats were best obtained using 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Visualization of teat cistern was superior with contact gel technique and that of distal portion of teat with water bath technique. Theloscopy offered direct visualization of internal teat cavity and accurate determination of lesions in 30 teats. During theloscopy better visualization was obtained after rinsing with sterile saline and removal of residual alveolar milk following intravenous oxytocin administration. Conventional surgical technique using BP blade No. 15 was optimal in treating hard milkers (28 cases). Twenty two cases of membranous teat obstructions (teat spiders) were successfully resected using theloresectoscopy restoring the patency for milk flow. Theloresectoscopy facilitated fulguration of membranous obstructions (teat spider) in 22 cases using a loop cautery connected to monopolar electrosurgical unit. On cultural examination of milk samples, isolates of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococci spp., Arcanobacterium spp. and Escherichia spp were obtained which on antibiogram were sensitive to Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone, Enrofloxacin, Oflaxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin, Streptomycin and Cefixime. The milk samples collected at immediate postoperative period showed high somatic cell count which decreased to near normal by 21st post operative day in majority of the cases. Theloscopy facilitated non-invasive direct visualization of the internal teat structures, while theloresectoscopy fulguration of teat spider.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MODIFIED GASTROCNEMIUS TENECTOMY TO RELIEVE SPASTIC PARESIS ALONG WITH BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SPASTIC BULLOCKS(AAU, Anand, 1995) Barvalia, Devshibhai R; Parsania, R ROn field survey of Jamnagar district, a total of 59 cases of spastic paresis in bullocks were recorded. It represented 0.05 and 0.11 per cents of total cattle and bullock population, respectively; with 6 to 10 years age of onset accounting for 55.9 per cent of spastic cases. Maximum incidence of 59.3 per cent was seen in Kankrej breed and on the whole bilateral cases accounted for 69.5 per cent. In unilateral cases, during initial stage overextended hock and stiff gait was seen, with aggravation of signs like severe spasticity of gastrocnemius muscle with tensed Achilles tendon in advanced stages. In unilateral cases backward abduction of spastic limb was a predominant sign; while in bilateral cases perpendicular suspension was seen and usually one leg was severely affected than the other. In eight bullocks modified gastrocnemius tenectomy (Group I) involving transection of superficial and deep tendons of gastrocnemius muscle and entire calcaneal covering; was done under xylazine sedation and local infiltration anaesthesia. The bullocks developed complications till one month like slightly dropped hock with knuckling of fetlock and jerky stepping of the operated limb. To obviate this in subsequent 24 clinical cases, deep 'C shaped calcaneal covering was not resected {Group II) and this yielded complete relief in spasticity signs in 19 bullocks (79.2%) with notably not a single case of relapse. Out of six bullocks operated by traditional tenotomy (Group III), complete improvement was seen only in three cases. Different clinical parameters like hock angle, height of heel from the ground, lameness score, dropping of hock were recorded at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of operation. Mean lameness score came to near normal on 90 to 120 days of operation, in groups I and II, while in group III, it never came to near normal. The decline in heel height was comparatively gradual in group II than in group I and became obscure on day 15 onwards, while in group III, after an initial decrease it increased remarkably between days 60 to 120. The pattern of improvement in degree of hock drop was almost uniform till 60 days after operation in all the groups, thereafter near normal value persisted till 120 days in groups I and II, while in group III, it decreased due to recurrence on day 90. The mean hock angle decreased significantly till 7th day after operation, thereafter in group II, no change was seen, while in groups I and III, it increased on day 30 and 60, respectively. During work performance, lesser rise and earlier fall in vital signs during and after completion of work were observed in normal bullocks than operated. Among the physical properties of synovial fluid; gross appearance was affected in 20 pencent, viscosity was low in 17.5 per cent and mucin precipitate quality was poor in 10 per cent of the spastic bullocks. Of different biochemical constituents estimated in synovial fluid and serum, the concentrations of LDH, GOT and AKP were reduced significantly , while ACP increased in tarsal synovial fluid of spastic animals as compared to normal. Other significant changes in synovial fluid were fall in magnesium concentration and increase in TP concentration. Serum concentrations of LDH, GOT and AKP were significantly higher in spastic animals along with low serum magnesium and manganese concentrations. In spastic animals the average number of muscle fibres per unit area were significantly higher and the mean diameter of muscle fibres were lower, when compared to normal bullocks. Further the mean percentage of intermediate muscle fibres was low whereas that of red fibres was higher. Histopathological changes in the gastrocnemius of affected bullocks indicated progression of moderate to severe degrees of myodegeneration and necrosis frequently coupled with dystrophic calcification along with considerable involvement of the vascular compartments. Affected tendons revealed progression of subacute to chronic type of active tenovitis. Tarsal radiographs of the spastic bullocks showed consistent abnormal tarsal steepness, increased angle between tibia and metatarsus, protuberation of dorsal part of distal tibial epiphysis and varying degrees of osteoporosis and exostoses in the bones of intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. From this study, it can be concluded that modified gastrocnemius tenectomy without transection of deep calcaneal tissues is a superior technique of all in correcting spastic paresis in adult bullocks, more so under field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SIMPLE AND COMPRESSION BONE PLATING OF INDUCED: METACARPAL FRACTURE IN CLAVES(AAU, Anand, 1987) PARSANIA, RATILAL R.; PATEL, M. R.The present work was carried out on 36 calves of 12 to 18 months in age. The mid-shaft, right metacarpal transverse fractures were created with a wire-saw and were immobilized by simple plating in one group(18 animals) and by compression plating with a locally fabricated compression device in another group (18 animals). The animals were sacrificed on day 15(12 animals), on day 30 (12 animals) and on day 60 (12 animals) post-operatively. The comparative evaluation of the fracture healing was made by clinical observations, plan radiography, cadaver angiography, histomorphology and histochemistry including fluorescent microscopy after tetracycline labelling. The paraffin sections for microscopic examination were cut from decalcified callus, while the frozen, cryostat sections were cut from undecalcified callus. The above sections were stained by Haematoxilin and Eosin (H & E), Hart’s stain, Alcian blue (1.0 pH) -PAS, Alcian blue (2.5 pH)-PAS. While for Von Kossa method and for fluorescent microscopy, only cryostat sections of undecalcified tissues were used.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DRUG ELUTING STENTS IN PREVENTION OF RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS IN DOGS(AAU, Anand, 2007) Shivaji Harischandra Talekar; Dr. D. B. PATILIn the human interventional endovascular therapy, late stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) have emerged, as a major safety concern with use of drug eluting stents. Late stent thrombosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. To enhance thrombo-resistance and reduce the dependence on long term dual antiplatelet therapy, use of biodegradable polymer stent platform and heparin along with sirolimus is one approach. Hence a Heparin-Sirolimus (HS) eluting stent (HSES) using biodegradable platform in an evolved in vivo dog’s balloon injured renal artery model for in-stent restenosis was evaluated for effects of dual drug elution on peristrut fibrin deposition and re-endotheliazation. Six HSESs were compared with 6 Sirolimus eluting stents (SESs; control) by implantation into right balloon injured renal arteries of 12 healthy mongrel dogs. With Acepromazine-Diazepam-Ketamine anaesthesia, under fluoroscopic guidance of image intensifier television using 3mm coronary balloon catheter, Synchronium (HSES) and Supralimus (SES) stents (3 mm diameter and 11 mm long) were deployed. Stents were successfully deployed at 6 atm balloon dilation pressure in prior balloon injured renal polar arteries at 8 atm for 60 seconds. Animals of both [(HS (n=6) and SRL (n=6)] groups received no anticoagulation therapy. Peristrut fibrin deposition and stent occlusion was assessed after 1 Ph.D. thesis submitted to Anand Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand-388 001 unilateral nephrectomy at 30 and 90 days (6 dogs at each interval). There was no vascular occlusion in hind limbs of all stented vessels. Each stented vessel was subjected to resin embedding technique and MMA sections were obtained using tungsten carbide knife for Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. On histological examination, compared with control (SESs), arteries with HSESs showed marked reduction in peristrut fibrin deposition and non-occlusive thrombus formation [5 out of 6 (88.33%) with SRL versus 3 out of 6 (50.00%) with HS]. There was evidence of early complete re-endotheliazation with group HS compared to SRL. Enzymuria was seen in both groups with significant increase in group SRL at 48 hrs of post-stenting. Group HS had significant increase in serum Na+ concentration. However, blood and urine parameters revealed non-significant variations between HS and SRL groups. Serum Cr and protein had increased non-significantly more in HS group may be due to surgical procedural injury. Thus dual drug elution with Heparin-Sirolimus stent, coated with a biodegradable polymer reduces peristrut fibrin deposition and promotes early reendotheliazation in dog trans-femoral balloon injured renal polar artery model and its potential for reducing stent related thrombosis in humans warrants further clinical evaluation.
