STUDIES ON INCIDENCE, DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF MILK FLOW DISORDERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THELORESECTOSCOPY IN DAIRY ANIMALS
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Date
2012
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present study was done to record the incidence of milk flow disorders (MFD) in dairy animals in and around Anand and to evaluate the efficacy of conventional surgery/theloresectoscopy for the management of teat disorders. Out of 1972 animals reviewed for MFD, hard milkers were recorded in 44 cows and 62 buffaloes, whereas teat spider in 36 cows and 15 buffaloes. Out of these, 29 cattle and 21 buffaloes with MFD were subjected to detailed investigations using radiography, ultrasonography and theloscopy. Prevalence of MFD was highest in the age group of 6 - 7 years, during the 3rd or 4th lactation. Clinical examination revealed rear quarters to be more affected than fore in both cattle and buffaloes. In cattle proximal and middle portions of the teat were more involved than distal, whereas in buffaloes the distal part was more affected. The site of obstruction i.e., middle to proximal part of the teat (16 teats) and at Furstenberg's rosette (04 teats) were diagnosed using contrast (iopromide) radiography. B mode ultrasonography was performed in 30 teats, wherein anatomical and pathological details of the affected teats were best obtained using 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Visualization of teat cistern was superior with contact gel technique and that of distal portion of teat with water bath technique. Theloscopy offered direct visualization of internal teat cavity and accurate determination of lesions in 30 teats. During theloscopy better visualization was obtained after rinsing with sterile saline and removal of residual alveolar milk following intravenous oxytocin administration. Conventional surgical technique using BP blade No. 15 was optimal in treating hard milkers (28 cases). Twenty two cases of membranous teat obstructions (teat spiders) were successfully resected using theloresectoscopy restoring the patency for milk flow. Theloresectoscopy facilitated fulguration of membranous obstructions (teat spider) in 22 cases using a loop cautery connected to monopolar electrosurgical unit. On cultural examination of milk samples, isolates of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococci spp., Arcanobacterium spp. and Escherichia spp were obtained which on antibiogram were sensitive to Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone, Enrofloxacin, Oflaxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin, Streptomycin and Cefixime. The milk samples collected at immediate postoperative period showed high somatic cell count which decreased to near normal by 21st post operative day in majority of the cases. Theloscopy facilitated non-invasive direct visualization of the internal teat structures, while theloresectoscopy fulguration of teat spider.
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VETERINARY SURGERY & RADIOLOGY, A STUDY