Thumbnail Image

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

Browse

2010 - 201421
Reset filters
Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 21
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES OF FISH
    (AAU, Anand, 2010) TEKALE, ASHISH ANANTRAO; Savalia, C. V.
    The present study was carried out in the post graduate laboratory, Department of Veterinary Public Health, CVSc, AAU, Anand with intension to find out prevalence of Salmonella spp. in raw fish sold at retail fish shops in Anand city of Gujarat. The samples of raw fish consisted of different parts such as skin, gills, muscles and intestines (54 each) collected aseptically from local fish market and subjected first to pre-enrichment in lactose broth and then enrichment in tetrathionate (TTB) and Rappaport-Vassiliadis soybean meal (RVSM) broth, followed by plating on two selective media viz. xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and bismuth sulphite agar (BSA). The colonies showing typical colony characteristics were further characterized on the basis of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Cultures identified as Salmonella were further subjected to detection of different virulence associated genes and sensitivity to various antibiotics used in treatment. In the present study, 4.16 per cent (9/216) prevalence oi Salmonella spp. in raw fish samples was recorded. The organ wise the highest isolation rate was from gills' samples (7.40%) followed by intestines (5.55%), skin (1.85%)) and muscles (1.85%)). Serotyping of the isolates demonstrated that only Salmonella Weltevreden was main serotype recovered fi-om raw fish samples of Anand market (66.66%) o{Salmonella positive fish samples). The study of antibiogram of the isolates showed that all the Salmonella isolates were cent percent sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and norfloxacin; followed by the sensitivity pattern in descending order for cefepime and kanamycin (88.88% each), ciprofloxacin (66.66%), streptomycin (55.55%), carbenicilHn and cefotaxime (33.33%) each) and ampicillin (22.22%)). The cent per cent resistance towards erythromycin (100%) was observed followed by tetracycline (66.66%)), carbenicillin (44.44%)), ampicillin (33.33%)) and streptomycin (22.22%o). Looking to the sensitivity pattern of six S. Weltevreden isolates, all isolates were 100 per cent resistant to erythromycin followed by carbenicillin (66.66%)), ampicillin and tetracycline (50.00%) each) and streptomycin (33.33%)). All the Salmonella isolates were screened for the presence or absence of virulence genes viz. wvA, spvC, spVR. and stn using specific primers. All the isolates revealed presence of mvA gene suggesting their invasive ability and enteritoxin gene (stn) was present in all the isolates suggesting their potential to cause gastroenteritis among the consumers on account of consumption of such contaminated fish. None of the isolates showed presence of spvC gene or spvR. gene indicating their inability to cause systemic infections.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROMONAS FROM MARKET MILK
    (AAU, Anand, 2010) DHANDE, MANOJ S; Brahmbhatt, M. N.
    The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterize Aeromonas species from raw milk in an around Anand market. A total of 160 samples were processed for estimating prevalence o^ Aeromonas spp. Out of those 160 samples tested, 29 Aeromonas isolates were recovered. On the basis of biochemical characterization 19 (13.6%) isolates of ^. sobria, 6 (4.3%) isolates of A. hydrophila and 4 (2.8%) isolates oiA. caviae were detected in raw milk. When different selective culture media were evaluated for isolation of Aeromonas spp. from raw milk it was found that percent recovery of Aeromonas isolates were more from Ampicillin Dextrin Agar (82.75%) as compared to Aeromonas Starch DNAse agar (62.06%)) All 29 Aeromonas isolates were tested for presence of aerolysin, haemolysin and enterotoxin gene. None of the isolate showed presence of aerolysin and enterotoxin, while overall prevalence of haemolysin gene was 78.78 per cent. In A. hydrophila, 54.54 per cent; A. caviae, 37.5 per cent and in A. sobria, 91.48 per cent isolates were found to possess haemolysin gene. All the isolates of Aeromonas were subjected to antimicrobial dmg sensitivity test against gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, bacitracin, rifampicin, tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin G and erythromycin. Maximum sensitivity pattern was recorded with chloramphenicol (86.20 per cent), bacitracin (31.03 per cent) gentamicin and rifampicin (20.68 per cent) each, erythromycin (17.24 per cent), kanamycin (6.89 per cent). The resistance pattern of Aeromonas isolated from raw milk to various antibiotics was observed as cent per cent resistance towards tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin (93.10 per cent), kanamycin (72.41 per cent), bacitracin (68.96 per cent) followed by gentamicin (65.51 per cent), rifampicin (62.06 per cent), erythromycin (58.62 per cent. Owing to the potential hazard of pathogenic Aeromonas spp., it was concluded that it is necessary to put more emphasis on food hygiene. Therefore, the surveillance of potential contaminant is crucial for sustenance of public health.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL POPULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ZOONOTIC SIGNIFICANCE
    (AAU, Anand, 2010) PARMAR, BHUPENDRA C.; Brahmbhatt, M. N.
    The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterise Mycobacteria from various clinical specimens of human beings, animals and from environment. Microbiological examination of 600 samples (150 from human, 400 from animals and 50 from environment) was carried out to study the prevalence of Mycobacteria. Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated during the study period from various specimens of animals and human, viz. milk 18 (out of 148) and nose swabs 40 ( out of 252) from cattle; throat swab 1 (out of 24), nose swab 6 (out of 62) and sputum 6 (out of 64) samples from human. However, no non- tuberculous Mycobacteria {Mycobacterium forttiitum) were isolated from soil and water during the study period. All these clinical isolates of Mycobacteria were subjected to Z-N staining. Biochemical tests, viz. Catalase test. Niacin detection. Nitrate reduction, Pyrazinamidase activity and T2CH (Thiophene- 2- carboxyllic acid hydrazide) and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). Single intradermal test (tuberculin test) was carried out in 260 animals of LRS and HF farm. Among these, 42 cattle were found positive for tuberculin test. From 42 tuberculin positive and 218 tuberculin negative cattle, 37 and 21 isolates, respectively, of Mycobacterium bovis were recovered. Single intradermal test (Mantoux test) was carried out on 50 human beings, none was found positive for Tuberculosis; eventhough 13 isolates oiMycobacterium tuberculosis were recovered. The results of this investigation indicated that the frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in the cattle (81.69 %) than the human (18.31 %); frequency of occurrence was higher in exotic cattle (37.29 %) than indigenous cattle (1.41 %). In man, the frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in the males (11.11 %) than the females (0 %). Among cattle; females are more susceptible than males. Among the various clinical specimens collected, 64.80 per cent isolates of Mycobacteria were from nose swab, followed by milk (25.50 %), sputum (8.50 %) and throat swab (1.20 %). Enviroimiental screening of the soil and water yielded zero isolate of Mycobacteria. It was concluded that, the overall prevalence of tuberculosis was higher in animals as compared to human and environment. Exotic cattle are more susceptible to tuberculosis than indigenous cattle. Single intradermal test (tuberculin test) is useful for the detection of primary infection of tuberculosis, but it is not important in human for detection of tuberculosis. Biochemical tests, viz. Catalase test. Niacin detection. Nitrate reduction, Pyrazinamidase activity and T2CH (Thiophene 2 carboxyllic acid hydrazide) are effective for differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. All the isolates of Mycobacteria were screened for PCR for the presence of genes viz. p34 for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and hupB for differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis using specific primers. Being a less expensive and easily available mediimi, LJ medivmi with or without sodium pyruvate can be recommended for the routine microbiological work in the microbiology and public health laboratories for the study of prevalence of tuberculosis in human and animal population.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA SPECIES FROM MARKET MILK
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2010) SONAR SANDIP SUDHAKAR; Dr. M.N. Brahmbhatt
    The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterize Listeria spp. from milk and milk products sold at and around Anand city, Gujarat State. A total of 237 samples comprising 147 raw milk (68 Cow milk and 79 buffalo milk), 38 pasteurized milk, and 52 milk products (12 Curd, 11 Ice cream, 12 Butter milk, 9 Lassi, 8 Cheese) samples were collected aseptically from various organized (branded) as well as unorganized (unbranded) sectors supplying milk and milk products to consumers at and around Anand city and subjected to two-step enrichment in University of Vermont broth and Frasers broth , followed by plating on three selective media viz. PALCAM, LPM agar and Oxford media. The presumptive isolates were identified at genus and species level by the battery of biochemical tests. These isolates were further subjected to in vitro pathogenicity (hemolysis on sheep blood agar, CAMP test and Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES OF FISH
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2010) TEKALE ASHISH ANANTRAO; Dr. C. V. Savalia
    The present study was carried out in the post graduate laboratory, Department of Veterinary Public Health, CVSc, AAU, Anand with intension to find out prevalence of Salmonella spp. in raw fish sold at retail fish shops in Anand city of Gujarat. The samples of raw fish consisted of different parts such as skin, gills, muscles and intestines (54 each) collected aseptically from local fish market and subjected first to pre-enrichment in lactose broth and then enrichment in tetrathionate (TTB) and Rappaport-Vassiliadis soybean meal (RVSM) broth, followed by plating on two selective media viz. xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and bismuth sulphite agar (BSA). The colonies showing typical colony characteristics were further characterized on the basis of
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES OF POULTRY MEAT”
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2010) Mhatre Sandeepu D.; Dr. C.V.Savalia
    The present study was carried out with aim of isolating and identifying the Salmonella spp. from raw poultry meat sold at retail poultry meat shops in Anand, Gujarat. The samples of raw poultry meat consist of muscles and liver (100 each) collected aseptically from local meat market and subjected first to pre enrichment in lactose broth and then enrichment in tetrathionate broth (TTB) followed by plating on two selective media viz. xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and bismuth sulphite agar (BSA). The colonies showing typical colony characteristics were further characterized on the basis of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The isolates were serotyped at National Salmonella and Escherchia Centre (NSEC), Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh), India. Out of 30 isolates, 15 isolates were serotyped as S. Typhimurium
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES FROM RAW POULTRY MEAT BY CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR METHOD
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2010) TAYDE RAVINDRA SHIVAJI; Dr. M. N. Brahmbhatt
    Campylobacter spp. has been recognized as one of the most frequent cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans throughout world. In recent years, the frequency of human enteritis caused by Campylobacter spp. has exceeded those caused by salmonella especially in developed countries. The association of zoonotic Campylobacters with chronic and life threatening complications such as guillain-barre syndrome, reactive arthritis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, abortion, meningitis etc. has increased the public health concern worldwide. Campylobacteriosis is mainly a foodborne infection, and poultry products may play an important role in transmission to humans. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the objective to isolate identify and characterize the Campylobacter spp. from raw poultry meat intended for the human consumption available in the retail meat market in Anand, Gujarat. A total of 150 samples including raw poultry
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROMONAS FROM MARKET MILK
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2010) MANOJ S DHANDE; Dr. M.N. Brahmbhatt
    The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterize Aeromonas species from raw milk in an around Anand market. A total of 160 samples were processed for estimating prevalence of Aeromonas spp. Out of those 160 samples tested, 29 Aeromonas isolates were recovered
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) THAKER HARSH CHETANKUMAR; DR. M. N. BRAHMBHATT
    Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of contaminated food. Staphylococcal food poisoning is due to the absorption of Staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed in the food. Milk and milk products serve not only as source of nutrition but also as substrates for the growth of microorganisms. Millions of peoples are victims of food-borne illness resulting from ingestion of toxin produced by food associated S. aureus. Gastrointestinal disease (enterocolitis or food poisoning) is caused by a heat-stable staphylococcal enterotoxin and characterized by projectile vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalance and loss of fluids. Onset of disease in this case has a characteristic short incubation period of 1-8 h. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the objective to isolate and characterize the S. aureus from milk and milk products intended for the human consumption available in the retail market