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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS IN MAN, ANIMAL AND ENVIRONMENT
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) THOMES, LINI; Pal, Mahendra
    The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of C. neoformans in man, animal and environment. Mycological examination of 217 clinical (120 of man, 97 of animals) and 127 environmental samples (96 of avian droppings and 31 of wood scrapings) was conducted to know the occurrence of C. neoformans. In addition, Petri plates of sunflower seed medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar were exposed to inside and outside environment of the zoo aviaries which inhabitated several species of birds. The result of this investigation indicated that frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in avian droppings (41.8 per cent) followed by man (25 per cent), cows (16.6 per cent), dogs (8.3 per cent) and air (8.3 per cent). No isolation could be made from the buffaloes, horses, goats and wood scrapings. Attempt was also made to isolate C. neoformans from 51 zoo workers and 47 bird fanciers who are exposed to avian excreta during the cleaning of cages. But failed to yield any isolation of C. neoformans. In vitro colonisation of fruits and vegetables was done to know whether these natural substrates can support the growth of the pathogen in the laboratory. In vitro colonization of papaya, water melon, grape fruit, carrot, tomato, banana, apple, brinjal and potato by known C. neoformans strains (human and animal origin) under laboratory conditions showed good and luxurient growth of the yeast. All the isolates of C. neoformans were subjected to in vitro antifungal drug susceptibility test against amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole and nystatin. There was a wide variation in the resistant pattern ranging from 0.00 per cent to 16.67 per cent and clotrimazole and fluconazole was found to be the most effective drug (75.0 per cent). Of all the drugs tested in vitro by disc diffusion techniques, clotrimazole and fluconazole was found to be most effective chemotherapeutic agent, which may help in the management of the cryptococcosis. The observations of this study suggested that sunflower seed agar is a more economical and good selective fungal medium for the study of C. neoformans. Sunflower seed agar can be recommended for the routine mycological work in the microbiology and public health laboratories. It was concluded that the overall prevalence of C. neoformans was higher in avian droppings as compared to man and animals. The good management practices of zoological garden with proper disposal of avian droppings can help to prevent the infection caused by C. neoformans.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM RETAIL MARKET MUTTON
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) Nayak, Jitendrakumar Bhogilal; Brahmbhatt, M. N.
    This study was undertaken in order to isolate and identify Escherichia coli (E.coli) from different retail market mutton samples as well as from butchers' hand and their instruments for study of their cultural characteristics and to judge the hygienic level of different mutton shops of local market. A total of 150 samples were collected comprising of liver, lymph node, muscle, swab of hand, knife and log (25 samples each) from five different retail mutton shops of Anand, Gujarat. During the study 100 (66.66%) E.coli isolates were recovered using MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene blue agar as different and selective plating media. Highest prevalence of E.coli was recovered from muscle (88.00% followed by liver (84.00%), lymph node (68.00%), knife swab (60.00%), log swab (52.00%) and least from butchers' hand (48.00%). All recovered 100 E.coli isolates were studied for biotyping, serotyping, in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity, Congo red binding ability, haemolytic activity and the public health significance of isolates especially their role in human diseases were discussed. Twenty different biotypes of E.coli were obtained on the basis of fermentation reactions of six different sugars viz., salicin, starch, sucrose, raffinose, dulcitol and rhamnose. Similarly on the basis of serotyping 80 typable isolates were distributed into 35 different serogroups (08, 01, 0101, 02, 09, 051, 05, 013, 032, 036, 039, 088, 015, 060, 078, 0153, 06, Oil, 023, 025, 027, 029, 050, 058, 061, 068, 076, 081, 086, 0109, 0123, 0133, 0158, 0168 and 0172 in descending order of frequency) along with 10 rough and 10 untypable strains. Majority of the isolates were found sensitive to chloramphenicol (94.00 %) followed by ciprofloxacin (93.00 %), enrofloxacin (88.00 %), gentamicin (84.00 %), co-trimoxazole (65.00 %), furazolidone (40.00 %), ampicillin (12.00 %) and tetracycline (5.00 %) in decreasing order of sensitivity. A total of 63 E.coli isolates were found positive for Congo red binding ability whereas 48.00 per cent isolates revealed presence of haemolytic activity. Among all five shops, highest prevalence oi E.coli was found in shop No.2 (89.99%) and minimum in shop No.4 (50.00 %) and rest three shops ranged in between these two limits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS IN MAN, ANIMAL AND ENVIRONMENT
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2004) LINI THOMES; Dr. Mahendra Pal
    The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of C. neoformans in man, animal and environment. Mycological examination of 217 clinical (120 of man, 97 of animals) and 127 environmental samples (96 of avian droppings and 31 of wood scrapings) was conducted to know the occurrence of C. neoformans. In addition, Petri plates of sunflower seed medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar were exposed to inside and outside environment of the zoo aviaries which inhabitated several species of birds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF Cytochrome b GENE VARIABILITY IN DETECTING MEAT SPECIES BY MULTIPLEX PCR
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2004) SHALLY JAIN; Dr.M. N. Brahmbhatt
    Food authenticity is currently an issue of major concern for food authorities, since incorrect labeling of animal foods may have remarkable negative consequences. To circumvate this problem, molecular methods had been developed. The present study was carried out for detection of meat species with the use of cytochrome b gene variability by multiplex PCR.