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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGY PATHOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF DOWNER COW SYNDROME(AAU, Anand, 2009) PATEL, BHAVIKA RAMESHBHAI; Patel, P. R.The downer cow syndrome is an emerging problem in high yielding cows. Management of such downer cows becomes a most challenging problem for any veterinarian. Downer cow syndrome is an extensively studied phenomenon all over the world but meager information has been reported in India. The present work on "Clinical Studies on Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis and Management of Downer Cow Syndrome" was undertaken during the period starting from 1st October 2008 to 15th May 2009 in and around Anand town (Gujarat) to study the epidemiology and clinical management of downer cow syndrome. A total of 2,242 cows were at risk for downer cow syndrome, out of which 48 cows (2.14%) were found to be showing definitive signs of downer syndrome. Out of 48 downer cows, the highest incidence was recorded in more than a week recumbent downer cows (21 cases; 43.8%) followed by five days (11 cases; 22.9%), three days (10 cases; 20.8%) and one day (6 cases; 12.5%)). Out of 48 cases of downer cows syndrome, the incidence was recorded to be highest in Jersey crossbred (25 cases; 52.0%), followed by Holstein Friesian crossbred (15 cases; 31,2%), pure Holstein Friesian (5 cases; 10.4%), non -descript (2 cases; 4.2%) and pure Jersey (1 case; 2.0%). Out of 48 cases of downer cow syndrome, the highest incidences was recorded in high milk producers (23 cases; 48%), followed by average milk producers (22 cases; 46%)) and low milk producers (3 cases; 6%). Out of 48 cases of downer cow syndrome, the incidence was recorded to be highest in third and fourth lactation (22 cases; 46.2%)), followed by second lactation (10 cases; 20.7%), first lactation (9 cases; 18.5%), sixth lactation (5 cases; 10.5%) and fifth lactation (two cases; 4.1%). Type of housing and hygienic condition was not found to be correlated with the incidence of downer cow syndrome. Majority of the cows suffered from downer syndrome around calving or within a month post parturition. However, cases also occurred in late lactation, advance pregnancy and other physiological states. Downer cows were found into two categories clinically alert downers (41 cases; 85.4%) and non alert downers (7 cases; 14.6%). The alert downers were bright and alert with normal or slightly reduced appetite. The body temperature, rumination, urination and defecation were normal. The heart and respiratory rates were normal except few cows which had accelerated heart and respiratory rates (12 cases; 29.2%). Such cows tried to get up from front but were unable to raise their hind quarters. Characteristic crawling was also observed in fourteen (31.1%)) downer cows. The non-alert downers preferred lateral recumbency and they were completely anorectic with accelerated heart and respiratory rates. Haematologically, the downer cows had significantly (p<0.05) decreased Hb (7.90 ± 0.45), PCV (24.65 ± 1.26) and TEC (4.77 ± 0.15). Whereas significant (p<0.05) increased MCV (62.43±1.25), decreased MCHC (27.61 ±1.30), relatively neutropliiiia (44.12±1.97) and lymphopenia (52.83±2.12). The concentration of blood glucose (104.14 ± 6.57), BUN (20.00 ± 1.89) and creatinine (3.62 ± 0.53mg/dl) were significantly higher in downer cows. The activities of serum enzymes like AST (196.95 ± 19.41), ALT (57.41±7.84), CPK (14.93±1.07) and LDH (503.91 ±6.42) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in downer cows. Downer cows had significantly (p<0.05) low calcium (7.58±0.26), phosphorus (3.84±0.13), magnesium (2.82±0.09) and potassium (3.15±0.18) concentration. Majority of downer cows suffered from net deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium while some had combined deficiency. The Cortisol level (151.00±0.48) significantly (p<0.05) elevated in downer cow syndrome. Histopathologically, necrosis of muscle, demyelinization as well as loss of axon of nerves and degenerative changes in heart, liver, and kidney were characteristic features. In order to understand and formulate suitable diagnosis and therapeutic measures; clinical symptoms, haematology, biochemical profile, enzymes, minerals and electrolyte were studied on 48 cows suffering form downer cow syndrome. With combined therapy consisting of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and nervine stimulant at parenteral route with manual change of sides, massage of limbs and lifting of animals manually or with the help of sling on two-three occasions a day, success could be gained in 52 per cent downer cows (25 out of 48). The downer thus treated showed clinical recovery within a period of 3-40 days.ThesisItem Open Access A SURVEY STUDY ON THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY OF DIARRHOEA IN HOSPITAL POPULATION OF DOGS(AAU, Anand, 1989) JANI, RAJESH G.; Dave, M. R.Diarrhoea in young dogs is one of the main factors causing variable morbidity and mortality. The present study was taken up to survey canine population at Veterinary College Hospital, Anand and to investigate clinico - pathological changes in diarrhoeic dogs during the period from August, 1988 to April, 1989, with a view to correlate such changes with prognosis and early diagnosis so that proper therapeutic measures can be taken up. A total of 666 clinical cases of dogs were screened. Out of them 129 dogs (19.3 per cent) were found to be clinical oases of diarrhoea. From these cases. 108 dogs were selected randomly for detailed symptomatology, faecal analysis (bacteria, parasites, fat droplets and enzymes), haematology (Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and DLC), biochemistry (Blood glucose, BUN and Total plasma protein), serotyping of E.Goli and drug sensitivity along with the control group of ten healthy dogs.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RUMINAL ALKALOSIS AND ITS THERAPY IN BUFFALOES(AAU, Anand, 1983) DESAI, PANKAJ U.; Dave, M. R.Ruminal alkalosis caused by sudden change in diets with excessive amount of protein rich and non-protein nitrogenous substances, and poor qualityroughage is clinically characterrized by anorexia, dullness, ruminal stony, staxia and drop in milk yield in lactating animals. The condition may be sub-acute, acute and chronic in nature and the affected animals may die due to intoxication in acute condiion if timely therapeutic aid is not available. Farmers suffer from economic loss in production and death. The present study envisages the clinico-pathological aspects of the ruminal alkalosis in experimental and clinical cases in buffaloes which may help in understanding the pathogenesis early diagnosis and suitable treatment.ThesisItem Open Access DIAGNOSIS OF JOHNE'S DISEASE IN CATTLE BY ALLERGIC TEST, PASSIVE HAEM-AGGLUTINATION TEST AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION(AAU, Anand, 1982) MEHTA, NIRANJAN J.; TAMHANKAR, V. D.Johne's disease is an infectious and fatal, chronic, wasting disease of farm animals. The farm economy is greatly affected, bringing financial loss to farmers. Therefore an early detection of the disease in farm animals will benefit the farmers and preventive measures can be taken in time. Various tests are employed to establish the diagnosis of the disease in farm animals however, no single test is specific and sensitive for the detection of the disease and hence timely preventive measures can not be taken. With the above limitations in the diagnosis of Johne's disease in farm animals, the present work was undertaken to study the incidence of Johne's disease in Jersey, Cross-bred and Kankrej animals at Gujarat Agricultural University Farms, Anand employing three major comparative tests during the year 1960 and 1981. During the 1980, 373 animals (Jersey 186, Cross-bred 19 and Kankrej 168; were tested by single intradermal Johnin test and seven animals (1.88 per cent) were positive reactors to this test, while in the year 1981 out of 370 animals (Jersey 168, Cross-bred 79 and Kankrej 123; 18 animals (4.86 per cent; were reactors to the test. Sera samples of these 25 animals were put to passive haemagglutination test and the titre varied from 1:8 to 1:256. These animals were sacrificed and detailed post-mortem examination was carried out. The acid-fast bacilli were detected in ileo-caecal valve and mesentric lymph nodes in all animals, while tissues showed characteristic lesions. Results were discussed and compared along with the merits and demerits of each test and their implications were emphasized. It can be concluded from the results of the present study that the single intradermal test has a definite diagnostic value in the detection of Johne's disease in farm animals.ThesisItem Open Access A SURVEY STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE AND ROLE OF Salmonella AND Escherichia coli IN DIARRHOEAL DISEASES OF BUFFALO CALVES.(AAU, Anand, 1982) LATIF, MOHAMED SIREL KHATIM ABOEL; TAMHANKAR, V. D.Faecal samples from 160 diarrhoeic as well as apparently healthy buffalo calves were collected from villages round about Anand and processed for Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Escherichia coli with a possible inter-current parasitic infection. A higher incidence of diarrhoea was observed in female buffalo calves (63.78%) than in males (36.22%). Severe diarrhoeic syndromes were noticed in calves upto one month of age.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN RUMINAL FLUID AND BLOOD IN POST-PARTURIENT ANOREXIA CONDITION IN BUFFALOES(AAU, Anand, 1986) DESAI, HARENDRA A.; DAVE, M. R.The study on biochemical changes in ruminal fluid and blood constituents in post-parturient anorexia in buffaloes was taken up at Veterinary College Hospital and Ambulatory Clinics, Anand from July, 1985 to January, 1986. A total of 304 clinical cases of buffaloes were screened and 47 cases with the history of upto 50 days post-parturient period and anorexis of 2 to 3 days duration were taken up for the detailed study. On the basis of history and clinical findings, these cases were classified into simple indigestion (4), diarrhoea (10), tympany (Bloat) (8), diaphragmatic hernia (4), ruminal acidosis (3), ruminal alkalosis (2), parturient paresis (5), ketosis (3), prolapse of vagina (3), and retention of placenta (5). A group of normal cycling buffaloes (10) in post-partum stage was kept as control group.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RUMINAL ACIDOSIS AND ITS THERAPY IN BUFFALOES(AAU, Anand, 1986) PATEL, KULIN K.; Dave, M. R.Ruminal acidosis is an economically important digestive disorder caused by an excessive intake of fermentable carbohydrate, and characterised by anorexia, rumen stasis, diarrhoea, depression, decreased milk yield in lactating animals and even death if timely treatment is not available. The present study was taken up to investigate the clinico-pathological aspects of ruminal acidosis in experimental and clinical cases of buffaloes with a view to understanding its pathogenesis, possibilities of early diagnosis and formulation of suitable treatment.ThesisItem Open Access Therapeutic efficacy of biherbal extracts of Bryophyllum calcynium and Tribulus terrestis in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats(AAU, Anand, 2015) MASHIYAVA, PARIMAL HARESHKUMAR; Raval, S. K.Urolithiasis is formation of urinary calculi at any level of urinary tract. It is estimated that 12% of world human population experiences renal disease with a recurrence rate of 70-80% in male and 47-60% in female. There is no established treatment for prevention of urolithiasis. So, there is a need to establish a medical treatment for prevention of recurrent stone formation, hidigenous plants have been used as a potential source of medicine since ancient times. Herbal medicines offer conventional treatments, providing safe and well-tolerated remedies for chronic illnesses which typically resulted from the combinations of secondary plant metabolites that are synthesized and deposited in specific parts or in all parts of the plant. The fruits of Tribulus terrestis are recommended for the treatment of urinary disorders and leaves of Bryophyllum calcynium is rich in alkaloids, triterpenes. glycosides, flavonoids, cardienolides, steroids, bufadienolides and lipids. They are commonly used as a folk medicine in India to treat renal calculi. Traditional medical practitioners prescribe a combination of herbal products with synergistic action. The present study was conducted on 90 adult (female) healthy Wistar rats. In this experiment 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol was used for induction of urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Rats were selected randomly and divided in to 12 groups (Group - I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII). Group I served as normal control consisted of healthy animals. Urolithiasis was induced in group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VII and IX animals using 0.75 % (v/v) ethylene glycol along with drinking water for 21 days. Group I, Group III, Group X, Group XI and Group XII animals were given normal drinking water. Bryophyllum calcynium and Tribulus terrestis plants were used in this antiurolithiatic study. Aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extract was prepared from fruits of Tribulus terrestis and leaves of Bryophyllum calcynium. Physical characteristics of the extracts (aqueous, methanolic and chloroform) of plant Bryophyllum calcynium and Tribulus terrestis were studied and percent extractability of extracts (aqueous, methanolic and chloroform) of plant Bryophyllum calcynium was ranging from 19.63- 22.62 while Tribulus terrestis was ranging from 16.08-19.92. Extracts of Bryophyllum calcynium and Tribulus terrestis was mixed in 1:1 ratio and administered by oral route using sterile 1ml syringe with oral rat gavage needle. Blood sample was collected twice: first after 21 days of induction of urolithiasis and then 28 days after dosing period i.e. on the 21st and 49th day of experimental period. At the end of experimental period kidney, liver and spleen were collected for histopathological examination. Rats in all groups were observed for some abnormal behavior, salivation (excessive salivation), diarrhea. No significant difference was observed in behavior or changes of all groups. After induction of urolithiasis Group II, IV, V, VII, VIII and IX showed progressively decreased in feed consumption up to third week as compare to group I. It may be due to progressive pathological changes. After onset of biherbal plant extract treatment group II showed significant (P < 0.05) lower feed consumption as compared to group I while group IV, VI, VII VIII and IX showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in feed consumption as compare to group II. It may be due to effect of treatment given by biherbal aqueous, methanolic and chloroform plant extract. Group VI and VII showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in feed consumption as compare to group II and also other treatment group. That indicates methanoUc biherbal plant extract was more effective against urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Body weight during experiment was measured in each group. Same as feed consumption body weight also progressively decreased in 0.75 % (v/v) EG treated groups during first three weeks. After onset of treatment group VI and VII showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in body weight as compare to group II and also other treatment group. Rats were continuously monitored throughout the experimental period; no mortality was recorded throughout the experimental period. Hematological evaluation reveals that during the period of urolithiasis induction Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean value of hemoglobin as compared to group I (Normal control). It may be due to induction of urolithiasis by 0.75% (v/v) EG. While after biherbal plant extract treatment group VII (BHE-II) showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of hemoglobin as compared to group II. Induction of urolithiasis also reveals decreased in mean value of MCHC in 0.75% (v/v) EG treated groups while after treatment with biherbal plant extract Group IV, V, VI, VII and group XI showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of MCHC as compared to group II (Lithiatic control). Other hematological parameters like TEC, TLC, DLC, PCV and MCV did not show any significant variation during induction period of urolithiasis as well as during the treatment with biherbal plant extract. Group II, rV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed non-significant decrease in mean value of serum total protein as compared to group I (Normal control). It may be due to induction of urolithiasis by 0.75% (v/v) EG. While after biherbal plant extract treatment Group VII showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of total protein as compared to group II. Due to urolithiasis induction Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean value of serum calcium as compared to group I (Normal control). While after treatment with biherbal plant extract group VII (BHE-II) showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of serum calcium as compared to group II. Due to urolithiasis induction group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of serum magnesium as compared to group I (Normal control) while after treatment with biherbal plant extract, group VII (BHE-II) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean value of serum magnesium as compared to group II. Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of serum BUN as compared to group I (Normal control). It may be due to induction of urolithiasis by 0.75% (v/v) EG while after treatment with biherbal plant extract, groups IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean values of BUN as compare to group II (Lithiatic control). Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean value of serum uric acid as compared to group I (Normal control). It may be due to induction of urolithiasis by 0.75% (v/v) EG while after treatment with biherbal plant extract, groups V, VI and VII showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean values of serum uric acid as compare to group II (Lithiatic control). Group II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX showed significant increase in mean value of serum creatinine as compared to group I (Normal control). It may be due to induction of urolithiasis by 0.75%) (v/v) EG while after treatment with biherbal plant extract, group VII showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean values of serum creatinine as compare to group II. No gross and microscopic changes were noted in liver and spleen of rats fi-om different groups while histopathological examinations of kidney revealed many pathological alterations. In the groups where 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol was given showed pathological alterations like necrotic degeneration; inter tubular hemorrhage, cystic dilatation of tubular epithelium, tubular epithelial hyperplasia and presence of cast in the lumen of tubules on H & E Stain while group VI and VII showed comparatively less pathological alteration on histopathological examination on 0.75% (v/v) EG treated rat kidney it may be due to nephroprotective effect of Bryophyllum calcynium and Tribulus terrestis. These may be due to some active components of Bryophyllum calcynium and Tribulus terrestis which have protective effect against uroliths and they are responsible for reduction of lesions in kidney. This herbal drug could reduce the kidney damage significantly indicating its protective effects against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. The test drug has also beneficial effect on serum calcium, magnesium, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid and ureaThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN CALF DIARRHOEA(AAU, Anand, 1984) PANDIT, HARSHAD J.; DAVE, M. R.Diarrhoea in young calves is one of the main factors causing a great financial loss to the farmers. The present study was taken up to investigate haematological and biochemical changes taking place in cases of diarrheic cattle and buffalo calves on organised farms and field cases during he period from April, 1983 to March, 1984 with a view to correlate such changes with prognosis and early diagnosis so that proper therapeutic measures can be taken up.