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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS ON SOIL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND GROWTH OF FODDER SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench](AAU, Anand, 2004) HARI, T. K.; PATEL, J. C.An incubation study and pot house experiment were conducted during the year 2003, to evaluate the effect of two phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) viz., Bacillus coagulans and Aspergilus sp. in presence/absence of FYM and different levels of P (0%, 50%, 75% and 100% RDP) on nutrients availability, soil pH and performance of fodder sorghum in loamy sand soil medium in available P. A culture study was also done to examine the secretion of plant growth regulators viz., IAA and gibberellins by PSM. The incubation study revealed that soil pH was significantly reduced due to inoculation of PSM and FYM application. The available N status in soil was not significantly influenced by cultures but FYM application significantly increased the value throughout the incubation period. Available P and K in soil were significantly increased due to PSM inoculation. FYM application significantly increased available P and K content in soil through out incubation period, maximum being at 30 days after incubation (DAI) for P and 15 DAI for K. The content of DTPA-extractable Fe was significantly decreased but that of Cu increased due to inoculation with PSM. The availability of Zn, Mn and Cu was significantly increased due to FYM application but reverse was true for Fe. Application of P significantly decreased the availability of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. The culture study clearly showed that gibberellins was secreted by both the cultures but lAA by Bacillus coagulans only. The dry and green matter yields of fodder sorghum were significantly increased due to inoculation with phosphobacteria, whereas the effect of fungus was on par with control. P application upto 75 per cent RDP proved to be significant in increasing the yield of fodder sorghum. FYM was not beneficial with respect to yield as it decreased the Fe availability in soil. Nutrients content and uptake (N, P, K) were considerably improved due to inoculation with PSM. Cultures significantly improved the major nutrients status of soil after the harvest of crop except N, whereas micronutrients status was not significantly influenced by them. FYM application significantly improved the contents of N, P, K, Zn and Mn but decreased Fe content in soil after the harvest of crop. The results of the present investigation indicated that inoculation of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and P application upto 75 per cent RDP (P2) helped in getting higher yield of fodder sorghum and nutrients uptake, besides saving of 25 per cent P fertilizer.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MANURES AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF BIDI TOBACCO CV. GT-9 GROWN ON Typic ustochrept(AAU, Anand, 2007) D.H. Desai; Dr J.C. PatelThe investigation was carried out under middle Gujarat agroclimatic condition at the Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand during the years 2003-04 and 2004-05 on loamy sand soil at different two sites viz., upland light soil referred to as ‘light soil’ and low land light soil referred to as ‘lowland’ with a view to study the productivity and quality of newly released Bidi Tobacco cv. GT-9 as well as soil properties as influenced by manures and nitrogen levels. The low land area was chosen to compare with upland as this variety has been reported to perform better in low land condition of soils in farmers’ fields. The experiments comprised of combinations of A - main plot: organic manure (i) No organic manure (M1), (ii) Green manuring with sunn hemp (M2), (iii) FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (M3) and (iv) Castor Cake @ 1 t ha-1 (M4) and B - Sub Plot: Three levels of nitrogen [180(N1), 220(N2) and 260(N3) kg ha-1], where nitrogen in each treatment was given through ammonium sulphate (25%) and urea (75%). Topping was done at 20 leaves. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications. Based on pooled results of both the experimental sites, there was significant yield improvement under green manuring with sunn hemp (M2), FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (M3) and Castor cake @ 1 t ha-1 (M4) over (M1) no organic manure. The per cent increase in the cured leaf yield due to M2, M3 and M4 over the control (1734kg ha-1) in the ‘light soil’ was 26.6, 25.1 and 15.3, respectively. The corresponding figures for the “low land” were 15.8%, 9.2% and 11.7% respectively, the yield due to control being 2249kg ha-1. Between the two sites, lowland soil gave (2605kg ha-1) nearly 18.7 per cent higher cured leaf yield than light soil (2195kg ha-1). However, no specific reason could be found. The effect of different levels of nitrogen on cured leaf yield as well as yield attributing characters was not significant under both the soil conditions. So, minimum dose of nitrogen (180 kg ha-1) could be the optimum. The cured leaf samples were analyzed for quality characters (total-N, nicotine, reducing sugars, chloride, total carbonyl, total volatile acids and bases as well as TSNA (Tobacco specific nitrosoamines). In general, nitrogen and nicotine contents were higher with M3 and reducing sugar content was lower with M4.Other quality parameters were favourably influenced or not significantly influenced by one or the other manure treatments but none of the treatment had an adverse effect. Same thing was true for N levels and M x N interaction. The influence of manures and nitrogen levels was also studied on some physico-chemical and biological properties of soils. Observations on bulk density, water holding capacity, pH, EC, organic carbon, available P, K, S and Zn and microbial biomass carbon were recorded. While favourable influence of one or the other treatment (M, N or M x N) on the soil properties was observed, none of the manure studied had adverse effect. No single manure could be attributed as better than others based on their effect on soil properties. From the results of the present investigation, it may be concluded that any one of the three manures tested in the study i.e. FYM @ 10 t ha-1, manuring of sunn hemp or castor cake@ 1t ha-1 along with 180kg N ha-1 can be adopted for maintaining productivity and quality of bidi tobacco cv. GT- 9 as well as fertility of Typic Ustochrept (Inceptisol) soil (preferably ‘low land’) of middle Gujarat looking into the availability and economics at the village level.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SOIL TEST METHODS FOR AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS AND RESPONSE OF MAIZE TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION IN DIFFERENT SOILS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2004) BRAJESH SHARMA; Dr. M. R. DalwadiA pot experiment was conducted with 15 soils of Anand and Kheda varying widely in their P availability to (i) find the suitable extractants for the determination of available P, (ii) study the effect of P levels (0 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) on yield and chemical composition of maize (G.M.-4) and (iii) establish the critical level of P in soilsThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF S AND MO ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MUSTARD AND RESIDUAL EFFECT ON BAJRA IN MUSTARD-BAJRA CROPPING SEQUENCE(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) B.I.Mehta; Dr. K.P. PatelA field experiment was carried out to study the effect of sulphur and molybdenum on yield, quality, nutrients uptake and change in soil properties in mustard (var. GM-2) and their residual effect in subsequent bajra (var. GHB-526) on loamy sand (Typic ustochrept) soil at Agronomy Farm, BACA, AAU, Anand during 2003 – 04. Four levels of S (0, 20, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) through gypsum and three levels of molybdenum (0, 1 and 2 kg ha-1) through ammonium molybdate were kept comprising of twelve treatments. The recommended dose of N and P2O5 (50 kg ha-1 each) was applied to mustard. The crop was harvested at maturity.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of cobalt, phosphorus and Rhizobium on nitrogen fixation, yield and chemical composition of chickpea(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2004) Puspkant Swarnkar; Dr. V.R. BhattA pot experiment entitled “Effect of cobalt, phosphorus and Rhizobium on nitrogen fixation, yield and chemical composition of chickpea” was carried out at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Rabi season of year 2003-2004. The soil used for experiment was loamy sand in texture, low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and potassium, and very low in cobalt. The study was under taken with a view to find out effect of cobalt; phosphorus and Rhizobium on yield and chemical composition of chickpeaThesisItem Open Access DEGRADATION AND DOWNWARD MOVEMENT OF FIPRONIL IN SOILS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) Susheel Singh; Dr. P.G. ShahFipronil [() -5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-,,-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoro -methylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile] is a broad spectrum, low use rate insecticide of phenyl pyrazole group having novel mode of action that targets the γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor system of insects, causing neural excitation, paralysis and death. It can generally be applied at low to very low dose rates to achieve effective pest control. Fipronil degrades slowly on vegetation and relatively slowly in soil and in water with a half-life ranging between 36 h and 7.3 months depending on substrate and conditions. It is relatively immobile in soil and has low potential to leach into groundwater. It is highly toxic to bees, aquatic organisms and some of the species of natural insect enemiesThesisItem Open Access Effect of different levels of nickel and lime on yield and chemical composition of wheat in two soils(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) Shanoj. P. Puttengal; Dr: V.R. BhattNickel is a biotoxic heavy metal encountered in soil and water pollution particularly in industrial areas of Gujarat. The present research was undertaken to study (1) The effect of nickel and lime on yield and chemical composition of wheat in two soils in a pot house study and (2) Effect of lime on the availability of nickel in two soils through an incubation study. The pot experiment was carriedout at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, AnandThesisItem Open Access Integrated Nutrient Management in Cauliflflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) under middle Gujarat conditions(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2008) PATEL KALPESHKUMAR KIRTANBHAI; Dr. B.A. PatelAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi season of the year 2006 with a view to study the “Integrated nutrient management in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) under middle Gujarat conditions”. The soil of the experimental site was loamy sand in texture having pH 7.88, low in organic carbon (4.9 g kg-1) and total nitrogen and high in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four levels of organic manures (FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1; vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 and 4 t ha-1) and three NPK levels (100 % RDF, 75 % RDF and NPK as per soil test value).ThesisItem Open Access COMPATIBILITY AND FEASIBILITY EVALUATION OF ZINC APPLICATION WITH PESTICIDE AND BIOFERTILIZERS AS SEED TREATMENTS IN MAIZE(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2009) MEHTA PUNIT VISHNUPRASAD; Dr. V. P. RamaniZinc deficiency is the most widely recognized deficiency in India. Micronutrients are applied in the form of soil application, foliar spray and pre sowing seed treatment. Further, there are also reports of wide spread micronutrient deficiency in different soils of Gujarat due to intensive cropping systems and use of micronutrient free fertilizers. The lack of Zn can limit the growth and productivity of a wide range of crops. It is therefore, necessary to supplement Zn for higher crop yields. Application of micronutrients through seed treatment nourishes crops at the critical early stages and helps in improving crop growth and is cheaper than foliar/ soil application. Importance of fungicidal and insecticidal seed treatments is also well known. Further, bio-fertilizer or microorganism strain inoculation helps the plant in supplying necessary nutrients like N and P. All these seed treatments have their individual application methods and positive impact on higher and quality produce. Therefore, there is a need to develop technology which includes all such seed treatments viz. nutrient supply, biofertilizer, insecticide, fungicide etc. in order to get multiple benefits economically. A pot experiment