Loading...
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
Browse
8 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA, PATHOTYPE 2, ON FENNEL(AAU, Anand, 1995) Patel, Pankajkumar B.; Patel, D. J.Experiments on root-knot nematode,. Meloidogyne javanica , Pathotype 2 affecting fennel were conducted to study i, Pathogenicity of M. javanica , Pathotype 2 to determine threshold level in terms of plant growth characters and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S nutrients by plants, ii, biochemical changes induced by nematode infection in the crop, ill, histopathological studies to know host-parasite relationship and iv, effect of nematode infection on seed germination, plant growth and crop yield during 1994-95. The salient findings are : i, An inoculum level of 100 J2/plant and above was detrimental to the growth and development of fennel cv. PF 35. Root, soil and total nematode population/plant significantly increased progressively with an increase in nematode population from 10 to 10,000 J2/plant. Nematode reproduction rate was maximum (76.70) in the level of 10 J2/plant and minimum (3.22) in 10,000 J2/plant. ii, Biochemical changes induced by nematode feeding on fennel roots indicated that roots inoculated with 10, 100, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 J2/plant had significantly less peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and total phenol content over control-uninoculated plant roots. ill, Histopathological studies revealed that after invasion, second stage larvae penetrated the epidermal cells and migrated both inter and intracellularly and anchored to the vascular tissues. Giant cells consisted of uneven thickened, unbroken walls, dense cytoplasm and clusters of nuclei. Pathological reaction included abnormal xylem located in the vascular tissues. All nematode stages were found inside the root tissues feeding on vascular region. The healthy tissue showed no change in epidermal cells and cortex region of roots, iv, Study on effect of M. .iavanica. Pathotype 2 on seed germination and plant growth development and root-knot index on fennel cv. PF 35 indicated that nematode infested soil significantly reduced fennel seed germination, plant height, fresh shoot and root weights by 12.30, 29.60, 3.98 and 17.09 % respectively over control-steam sterilized soil. Infested soil had 116.30 % increased root-knot index over control. V, Inoculation of M. javanica, Pathotype 2 at 2000 J2/kg soil significantly decreased plant height and grain yield of fennel cv. PF 35 by 19.83 and 26.51% respectively, while root-knot index and reproduction rate were significantly increased by 59.01 and 58.88 % respectively over control-steam sterilized soil. vi, Application of Dazoraet (Basamid 98 G @ 1 g/pot) significantly increased plant height and grain yield of fennel cv. PF 35 by 18.61 and 36.09 % respectively and root-knot index has significantly, reduced by 59.01 % due to Dazomet application over control-no nematicidal treatment.ThesisItem Open Access INTERACTION BETWEEN Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris AND Pythium aphanidermatum ON BIDI TOBACCO(AAU, Anand, 1993) Patel, Sunilkumar Bhikhabhai; Patel, H. R.Studies on determination of initial inoculum levels of P.aphanidermatum causing damping-off in bidi tobacco cv, A 119 revealed that initial inoculum levels of 5.0mg mycelial suspension or above per pot significantly reduced the seed germination (63.39 per cent and nusnber of bidi tobacco seedlings (60,00 per cent) over control. The inoculum levels of 1.0 and 2.5 mg mycelial suspension though reduced seed germination and number of seedlings remained at par with control. Studies on interaction between T. vulgaris and P. aphanidermatum on bidi tobacco cv. A 119 was carried out using two levels of the fungus viz., P1 (2.5 mg fungus) and P2 (5.0 mg fungus) and two levels of the nematode N1 (1000 nematodes) and N2( 2000 nematodes) alongwith control. The results on interaction between T. vulgaris and P. aphanidermatum showed more or less additive effect in reducing the seed germination compared to their individual levels.ThesisItem Open Access ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 ON PIGEONPEA.(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, Govabhai Ambaramdas; Patel, D. J.The experiments on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne 1 avanica) affecting pigeonpea were conducted to study (i ) Pathogenicity of root-knot nematode on pigeonpea to determine threshold level (ii) Biochemical changes brought out by the nematode infection in crop, (iii) Histopathological studies to know host - parasite relationship. (iv) Varietal screening for locating source (s) of resistance to the nematode and (v) Assessment of avoidable yield losses due t o nematode infection in field on pigeonpea cv. Pusa Ageti during 1989-90 and 1990-91. The salient findings are as under: i) An inoculum level of 100 neraatodes/plant and above was detrimental to the growth and development of pigeonpea cv. Pusa Ageti. Root, soil and total nematode population/plant significantly increased progressively with an Increase in nematode population from 10 to 10,000 nematodes/plant. Nematode reproduction rate decreased with an increase in inoculxim levels and it was maximum (209.2) in the level of 10 nematodes/plant and minimum (2.63) in 10,000 nematodes/plant. ii) Biochemical changes induced by nematode feeding on pigeonpea roots indicated that roots inoculated with 5,000 and 10,000 M. javanica second stage juveniles/ plant had significantly more peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities as well as total phenol contents of the roots over control-no nematode inoculation. iii) Histopathological studies revealed that after invasion, second stage larvae penetrated the epidermal cells and migrated both inter and intracellularly and anchored to the vascular tissues . Giant cells consisted of uneven thickened, unbroken walls, dense cytoplasm and clusters of nuclei. Pathological reactions included abnormal xylem located in the vascular tissues . All nematode stages were fovmd inside the root tissues feeding on vascular region. iv) Out of eighty one different pigeonpea varieties/lines screened against root-knot nematodes, M. javanica, none was found either resistant or moderately resistant to the nematode. Twelve varieties had susceptible and remaining varieties had highly susceptible reaction. v) Application of carbofuran @ 3 kg/ha significantly increased plant height and grain yield of pigeonpea by 5.48 and 16.35 per cent over control respectively. While root-knot index and final soil nematode population got significantly reduced to the tune of 53.94 and 61.43 per cent due to carbofuran treatment over control-no nematicidal treatment respectively. Hence, there was 14 .2 per cent avoidable loss in the pigeonpea yield due to root-knot neraatode infection in field.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON STUNT NEMATODE, TYLENCHORHYNCHUS VULGARIS UPADHYAY et al., 1972, ON BAJRA(AAU, Anand, 1991) Moradia, Ashokkumar Mohanlal; Patel, D. J.The experiments on stunt nematode, Tylenohorhynchus vulgaris, affecting bajra crop were conducted to study (i) effect of temperature and pH on survival and virulence of T.vulgaris (ii) evaluation of bajra varieties / lines for locating source(s) of resistance to stunt nematodes and (iii) effect of stunt nematodes on seed germination, plant growth development and nematode reproduction on bajra cv, GHB 30 during 1989-90 and 1990-91. The salient findings are as under : ( i ) The per cent nematode survival was significantly more at 15 degree C temperature and 2 days exposure.Similarly maximum per cent nematode survival was recorded in pH 8 followed by pH 7 at 2 days exposure percent nematode survival gradually decreased with either decrease in pH from 7 or increase in pH from 8.ThesisItem Open Access INTERACTION BETWEEN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA & M. JAVANICA) AND MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ON COTTON CV. HYBRID 8(AAU, Anand, 1994) Patel, N. B.; Patel, D. J.Studies on root - knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. javanica , affecting cotton cv. Hybrid 8 were conducted with respects to (i) interaction between M. incognita and M. javanica with M. phaseolina separately on cotton cv. Hybrid 8, (ii) estimation of avoidable yield losses due to M. incognita and M. javanica infections separately in terms of plant growth characters, chlorophyll content and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S nutrients by plants and (iii) histopathology of nematodes infected cotton Hybrid 8 roots during 1993-94.ThesisItem Open Access ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES, Meloidogyne incognita (KOFOID AND WHITE, 1919) CHITWOOD, 1949 AND Meloidogyne javanica ( TREUB, 1885 ) CHITWOOD, 1949 INFECTING COTTON(AAU, Anand, 1993) Patel, Mahesh Bhailalbhai; Patel, D. J.The experiments on root-knot nematodes(M. incognita and M. javanica) affecting cotton were conducted to study (i) effect of different inoculum levels of M, incognita and M, javanica on growth and development of cotton cv. Hybrid 8, (ii) effect of nematode infection on meteorological parameters, (iii) biochemical changes induced by nematode infection in cotton, (iv) histopathology of nematode infected cotton roots, (v) effect of interaction between M. incognita and M. javanica individually with Rotylenchulus reniformis and (vi) -screening of cotton varieties/lines to locate source(s) of resistance to M. incognita and M. javanica during 1991-92. The salient findings are : 1. An inoculum level of 100 M. incognita or M. javanica J2/plant and above was detrimental to the growth and development of cotton cv. Hybrid 8. Root, soil and total nematode population build up/plant significantly increased progressively with an increase in inoculum levels from 10 to 10,000 J2/plant. Reproduction rate of M. incognita or M. javanica decreased with an increase in inoculvmi levels. It was maximum 194.6 and 160,8 in the level of 10 J2 plant and minimxim 2.9 and 2.7 in 10,000 J2/plant for M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively, 2. The infection of M, incognita and M, javanica caused significant increase in leaf temperature and diffusion resistance with significant decrease in relative humidity and transpiration rate witli an increase in nematode inoculum levels in cotton cv. Hybrid 8. 3. Studies on biochemical changes induced by nematode feeding on cotton roots indicated that roots inoculated with 5,000 and 10,000 M. incognita J2/plant had signifificantly less peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities by 84.03 and 56.67 % ; 84.81 and 56.67 %, with higher total phenol content by 98.23 and 140.'26 %, respectively as compared to control. There were 86.55 and 88.65 % ; 50.00 and 60.00 % decrease In peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities and 73.89 and 92.92 % increase in total phenol contents in level of 5,000 and 10,000 M. javanica J2/plant, respectively as compared to control. 4. Histopathological studies revealed that after invasion second stage larvae of M. incognita and M. javanica penetrated the epidermal cells and migrated both inter and intracellularly and anchored to the vascular tissues. Giant cells consisted of uneven thickened, unbroken walls, dense cytoplasms and clusters of nuclei. Cells surrounding the nematode feeding site got darkened as compared to healthy roots. All stages of nematodes were found inside the root tissues feeding on vascular region. 5. Experiments on effects of interaction of M. incognita or M. javanica with R. reniformis revealed that plant height and fresh shoot weight were significantly reduced in case of plants inoculated with either M. incognita or M. javanica @ 2,000 J2/plant alone followed by Mi/Mj-Rr and Mi/Mj + Rr treatments. Control (uninoculated) plants gave significantly more plant height as compared to other treatments. The treatment of Rr - Mi/Mj, Mi/Mj-Rr and Rr alone did not differ significantly for plant height and fresh shoot weight. Fresh root weight was more in Mi/Mj alone and Mi/Mj - Rr inoculated plants. With regards to RKI , it was significantly more in Mi/Mj alone followed by Mi/Mj-Rr, Mi/Mj + Rr and Rr-Mi/Mj. Treatment of Mi/Mj alone and with or preceding Rr had maximum numbers of females, eggs, soil and total nematode population build up/plant over other treatments. Likewise Rr alone and Rr - Mi/Mj inoculated.plants had more numbers of Rr than Mi/kj + Rr or Mi/Mj - Rr treatments. 6. Screening of fifteen cotton varieties against M. incognita and M. javanjca separately indicated that none of the varieties/lines was either highly resistant or resistant to M. incognita or M. javanica. Five varieties viz., G 27, 949, G. Cot 10, V 797 and Varalaxmi were moderately susceptible, another five varieties viz., Digvijay, G. Cot.11,100; Hybrid 4 and Sanjay were susceptible and remaining three varieties viz., G. Cot 15, Hybrid 6 and Surat dwarf were highly susceptible types. Variety G 67 had susceptible and moderately susceptible and G, Cot 14 had highly susceptible and susceptible reactions to M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF NEMATICIDES, SOIL SOLARIZATION, RABBING AND GREEN MANURING ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIDI TOBACCO SEEDLINGS, NEMATODES, SOIL MICROBES AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL(AAU, Anand, 1994) Patel, Bahecharbhai Kanajibhai; Patel, H. R.Studies on effect of nematicides viz., phenamiphos, sebufos, dazomet and carbofuran, soil solarization using clear LDPE plastic for 15 days during hot summer, rabbing with bajra husk @ 7 kg/m2 and green manuring with sunnhemp and ekkad on growth- and development of bidl tobacco seedlings, nematodes, soil microbes and physico-chemical properties of soil were carried out in nematode infested bidi tobacco nursery at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The results on effect of these treatments on growth and development of bidi tobacco seedlings, root-knot disease and nematode population revealed that soil temperature was increased to the tune of 9 to 10°C due to soil solarization. Application of sebufos and phenamiphos @ 5 kg/ha, dazomet @ 30 g/m2, carbofuran @ 3kg/ha, soil solarization and rabbing, found most effective in improving fresh weight of 100 seedlings and increasing number of transplants at first pulling over control. Dazomet, soil solarization and rabbing significantly reduced weed population over control. In general , sebufos, phenamiphos and soil solarization yielded more transplants. The treatments of sebufos, phenamiphos, dazomet and soil solarization significantly reduced root-knot index over control. Dazomet suppressed the population of stunt, root-knot and reniform nematodes till the end; while sebufos, phenamiphos, carbofuran, soil solarization and rabbing found to reduce the population of the nematodes at seeding. The treatments of sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring harboured higher population of the ,nematodes than control at seeding. Effect of various treatments on popul ation dynamics of the nematodes revealed that bidi tobacco cv. A 119 (Susceptible host) supported and accelerated the egg hatching, activation and multiplication of root-knot and reniform nematodes; while stunt nematode was activated as soon as the congenial conditions existed with or without susceptible host (fallow) and thereafter multiplied on host. Dazomet effectively suppressed the stunt, root-knot and reniform nematodes, till 86 days after seeding (DAS); while the nematodes were detected at 20 DAYS in phenamiphos, sebufos and rabbing 30 Days in soil solarization 10 Days in carbofuran, control, sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring. They significantly Increased beyond 60 DAS in phenamiphos, sebufos and carbofuran, 40 DAS in soil solarization and rabbing; 20, 80 and 50 DAS in control, sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring , respectively. However, the population of nematodes was higher in carbofuran and green manuring (sunnhemp and ekkad) over the other nematlcldes and control , respectively at each period studied. Effect of nematlcldes, soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring on soil microbes revealed that bidi tobacco seedlings supported the growth and development of soil' microbes viz., total fungi, total bacteria, Rhizobium spp. and Pythium spp. faster than fallow as well as with increase In time duration the population was significantly increased. Application of dazoraet, soil solarization and rabbing reduced the soil microbes Immediately after the treatments; dazomet, rabbing, phenamiphos, sebufos, soil solarization and carbofuran also reduced the population of total fungi and total bacteria from 20 to 86 DAS over control. The population of Rhizobium remained significantly lower in all the nematicides, soil solarization and rabbing till 40 DAS over control and thereafter It significantly increased except dazomet. The incidence of Pythium spp. was not observed In the treatments of dazomet, rabbing and soil solarization immediately after the treatment, but finally at harvest it was observed In all the treatments. Similarly, the soil microbes were increased in all the treatments at the epd than their initial levels. The soil microbes were significantly Increased in sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring over control at each period studied.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF NEMATICIDES, SOIL SOLARIZATION, RABBING AND GREEN MANURING ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIDI TOBACCO SEEDLINGS, NEMATODES, SOIL MICROBES AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL(AAU, Anand, 1994) PATEL, BAHECHARBHAI KANAJIBHAI; PATEL, H. R.Studies on effect of nematicides viz., phenamiphos, sebufos, dazomet and carbofuran, soil solarization using clear LDPE plastic for 15 days during hot summer, rabbing with bajra husk @ 7 kg/m2 and green manuring with sunnhemp and ekkad on growth- and development of bidi tobacco seedlings, nematodes, soil microbes and physico-chemical properties of soil were carried out in nematode infested bidi tobacco nursery at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The results on effect of these treatments on growth and development of bidi tobacco seedlings, root-knot disease and nematode population revealed that soil temperature was increased to the tune of 9 to 10°C due to soil solarization. Application of sebufos and phenamiphos @ 5 kg/ha, dazomet @ 30 g/m2, carbofuran @ 3 kg/ha, soil solarization and rabbing, found most effective in improving fresh weight of 100 seedlings and increasing number of transplants at first pulling over control. Dazomet, soil solarization and rabbing significantly reduced weed population over control. In general , sebufos, phenamiphos and soil solarization yielded more transplants. The treatments of sebufos, phenamiphos, dazomet and soil solarization significantly reduced root-knot index over control. Dazomet suppressed the population of stunt, root-knot and reniform nematodes till the end; while sebufos, phenamiphos, carbofuran, soil solarization and rabbing found to reduce the population of the nematodes at seeding. The treatments of sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring harboured higher population of the nematodes than control at seeding. Effect of various treatments on population dynamics of the nematodes revealed that bidi tobacco cv. A 119 (Susceptible host) supported and accelerated the egg hatching, activation and multiplication of root-knot and reniform nematodes; while stunt nematode was activated as soon as the congenial conditions existed with or without susceptible host (fallow) and thereafter multiplied on host. Dazomet effectively suppressed the stunt, root-knot and reniform nematodes, till 86 days after seeding (DAS); while the nematodes were detected at 20 DAS in phenamiphos, sebufos and robbing; 30 DAS in soil solarization, 10 DAS in carbofuran, control, sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring. They significantly Increased beyond 60 DAS in phenamiphos, sebufos and carbofuran, 40 DAS in soil solarization and rabbing; 20, 80 and 50 DAS in control, sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring , respectively. However, the population of nematodes was higher in carbofuran and green manuring (sunnhemp and ekkad) over the other nematicides and control , respectively at each period studied. Effect of nematicides, soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring on soil microbes revealed that bidi tobacco seedlings supported the growth and development of soil microbes viz., total fungi, total bacteria, Rhizobiurm spp. and Pythium spp. faster than fallow as well as with increase in time duration the population was significantly increased. Application of dazoraet, soil solarization and rabbing reduced the soil microbes Immediately after the treatments; dazomet, rabbing, phenamiphos, sebufos, soil solarization and carbofuran also reduced the population of total fungi and total bacteria from 20 to 86 DAS over control. The population of Rhizobiurn remained significantly lower in all the nematicides, soil solarization and rabbing till 40 DAS over control and thereafter It significantly increased except dazomet. The incidence of Pythium spp. was not observed In the treatments of dazomet, rabbing and soil solarization immediately after the treatment, but finally at harvest it was observed In all the treatments. Similarly, the soil microbes were increased in all the treatments at the end than their initial levels. The soil microbes were significantly Increased in sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring over control at each period studied. Results on physico-chemical properties of soil Indicated that the treatments of soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring with ekkad and sunnhemp significantly increased the physical properties of soil viz., soil porosity and water holding capacity as well as chemical properties viz., organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potash over control and to their initial level at seeding. The soil EC was increased in the treatments of soil solarization and rabbing at seeding. Effect of nematicides was not observed on any of the attributes studied except available nitrogen in dazomet at seeding. In general , among the different nematicides tested dazomet (Basamid) found most effective for longer duration In management of the nematodes, weeds and other soil microbes including Pythium spp. with more availability of nitrogen in a slow release form enhancing the growth and development of bidi tobacco seedings. This Is a first report for the miraculous effectiveness of dazomet in raising bidi tobacco seedlings in nursery. Thus improvement in growth and development of bidi tobacco seedlings in various treatments viz., nematicides, soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring was not only due to management of the nematodes, but it resulted as a compound effect of these treatments on nematodes, other soil microbes and improvement in the physico-chemical properties of soil.