EFFECT OF NEMATICIDES, SOIL SOLARIZATION, RABBING AND GREEN MANURING ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIDI TOBACCO SEEDLINGS, NEMATODES, SOIL MICROBES AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
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Date
1994
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
Studies on effect of nematicides viz., phenamiphos, sebufos, dazomet and carbofuran, soil solarization using clear LDPE plastic for 15 days during hot summer, rabbing with bajra husk @ 7 kg/m2 and green manuring with sunnhemp and ekkad on growth- and development of bidi tobacco seedlings, nematodes, soil microbes and physico-chemical properties of soil were carried out in nematode infested bidi tobacco nursery at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand. The results on effect of these treatments on growth and development of bidi tobacco seedlings, root-knot disease and nematode population revealed that soil temperature was increased to the tune of 9 to 10°C due to soil solarization. Application of sebufos and phenamiphos @ 5 kg/ha, dazomet @ 30 g/m2, carbofuran @ 3 kg/ha, soil solarization and rabbing, found most effective in improving fresh weight of 100 seedlings and increasing number of transplants at first pulling over control. Dazomet, soil solarization and rabbing significantly reduced weed population over control. In general , sebufos, phenamiphos and soil solarization yielded more transplants. The treatments of sebufos, phenamiphos, dazomet and soil solarization significantly reduced root-knot index over control. Dazomet suppressed the population of stunt, root-knot and reniform nematodes till the end; while sebufos, phenamiphos, carbofuran, soil solarization and rabbing found to reduce the population of the nematodes at seeding. The treatments of sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring harboured higher population of the nematodes than control at seeding. Effect of various treatments on population dynamics of the nematodes revealed that bidi tobacco cv. A 119 (Susceptible host) supported and accelerated the egg hatching, activation and multiplication of root-knot and reniform nematodes; while stunt nematode was activated as soon as the congenial conditions existed with or without susceptible host (fallow) and thereafter multiplied on host. Dazomet effectively suppressed the stunt, root-knot and reniform nematodes, till 86 days after seeding (DAS); while the nematodes were detected at 20 DAS in phenamiphos, sebufos and robbing; 30 DAS in soil solarization, 10 DAS in carbofuran, control, sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring. They significantly Increased beyond 60 DAS in phenamiphos, sebufos and carbofuran, 40 DAS in soil solarization and rabbing; 20, 80 and 50 DAS in control, sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring , respectively. However, the population of nematodes was higher in carbofuran and green manuring (sunnhemp and ekkad) over the other nematicides and control , respectively at each period studied. Effect of nematicides, soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring on soil microbes revealed that bidi tobacco seedlings supported the growth and development of soil microbes viz., total fungi, total bacteria, Rhizobiurm spp. and Pythium spp. faster than fallow as well as with increase in time duration the population was significantly increased. Application of dazoraet, soil solarization and rabbing reduced the soil microbes Immediately after the treatments; dazomet, rabbing, phenamiphos, sebufos, soil solarization and carbofuran also reduced the population of total fungi and total bacteria from 20 to 86 DAS over control. The population of Rhizobiurn remained significantly lower in all the nematicides, soil solarization and rabbing till 40 DAS over control and thereafter It significantly increased except dazomet. The incidence of Pythium spp. was not observed In the treatments of dazomet, rabbing and soil solarization immediately after the treatment, but finally at harvest it was observed In all the treatments. Similarly, the soil microbes were increased in all the treatments at the end than their initial levels. The soil microbes were significantly Increased in sunnhemp and ekkad green manuring over control at each period studied. Results on physico-chemical properties of soil Indicated that the treatments of soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring with ekkad and sunnhemp significantly increased the physical properties of soil viz., soil porosity and water holding capacity as well as chemical properties viz., organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potash over control and to their initial level at seeding. The soil EC was increased in the treatments of soil solarization and rabbing at seeding. Effect of nematicides was not observed on any of the attributes studied except available nitrogen in dazomet at seeding. In general , among the different nematicides tested dazomet (Basamid) found most effective for longer duration In management of the nematodes, weeds and other soil microbes including Pythium spp. with more availability of nitrogen in a slow release form enhancing the growth and development of bidi tobacco seedings. This Is a first report for the miraculous effectiveness of dazomet in raising bidi tobacco seedlings in nursery. Thus improvement in growth and development of bidi tobacco seedlings in various treatments viz., nematicides, soil solarization, rabbing and green manuring was not only due to management of the nematodes, but it resulted as a compound effect of these treatments on nematodes, other soil microbes and improvement in the physico-chemical properties of soil.
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Nematology, A STUDY