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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES AND HYBRIDS OF AONLA (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)(AAU, Anand, 2005) JADAV, RAMSANG GAMBHIRSANG; Khimani, R. A.The experiment entitled "Evaluation of various genotypes and hybrids of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)" was conducted at the Horticultural Research cum Demonstration Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2002-03 and 2003-04. The experiment was split in two sets i.e. set-1 Evaluation of genotypes of aonla and set-II evaluation of hybrids of aonla. In the first set, eight genotypes (LS-9, LS-10, LS-lOA, LS-U, LS-13, LS-16, LS-18 and LS-20) were used along with two checks (GA-1 and NA-7) and in the set-II thirteen hybrids (C1-1, C1-2, C1-3, C1-5, C1-6, C1-7, C1-13, C1-14, C2-1, C2-2, C2-3, C2-4 and C2-5) were used with the two checks (GA-1 and NA-7) to screen for various morphological, physico-chemical and post harvest traits of aonla. The experiments were planned in a Randomized Block Design during both the years of study (2002-03 and 2003-04). Set - I Selected genotypes Results pertaining to different selected genotypes of aonla, revealed that all the growth parameters like tree height, spread and trunk diameter of different genotypes showed marked variation and genotype LS-16 had maximum height (5.88 m), while the maximum trunk diameter (0.95 m) with maximum spread was observed in LS-11. The number of determinate branches produced on 30 cm length of tagged indeterminate branch were maximum in LS-16 (39.13) and in LS-18 (37.06). The length of determinate branches was higher LS-18 (15.33) and LS-20 (13.33). However, the maximum leaflets count (217.38) and area (38.26 cm2) was recorded in GA-1. The genotypes exhibited wide variation for count of male and female flowers. The maximum count of male flowers was noticed in LS-18 (987) while that of female flowers in GA-1 (55.10). The lowest male female ratio was observed in GA-1 (13.92). The genotypes LS-9, LS-20 and check NA-7 exhibited lower count of premature fruit drop at pea stage, while at marble stage it was seen in LS-16 (0.87) and NA-7 (0.88). The vertical diameter (3.19 cm) and fruit volume (28.04 cc) was maximum in GA-1 during the present study and, it produced significantly maximum fruit yield per quarter of tree during both the years of study followed by NA-7, LS-16 and LS-18. Lower stone weight was recorded in LS-16 (3.09 g) and higher pulp was observed in LS-9 (26.95 g) and GA-1 (26.14 g). The biochemical analysis showed significantly wide variation among the genotypes for different traits. The TSS was maximum in LS-9 (13.03 %) and ascorbic acid was higher in LS-10A (723.43 mg-100g pulp) and in GA-1. However LS-16 exhibited minimum acidity (1.72 %) and tannin (1.70 %) content. The maximum fibre percentage was found in LS-20 (3.58 %), while less fibre was noticed in GA-1 (2.69 %) and NA-7 (2.80 %). During the two years of study, LS-lOA (14.50 days), LS-16 (14.25 days), and check GA-1 (13.50 days) had longer marketable shelf life after harvest and a lower physiological weight loss after twelve (12.73 %) and twenty four days (28.73 %) was noticed in GA-1. Set - II Evaluation of hybrids The F1 hybrids of aonla illustrated significant variation for different morphological, physico-chemical and post harvest quality traits. The maximum tree height (9.42 m), trunk diameter (1.52 m) and spread (7.92 m E-W and 7.61 m N-S) were found in C1-1 in the present study. The number and length of determinate branches was higher in C1-5 (36.63 and 14.44 cm) on pooled basis. The check GA-1 produced maximum number of leaflets (217.38) and leaflet area (38.26 cm2) followed by C1-5. The maximum count of male flowers was recorded in C2-5 (944.63) and of female flowers in C1-5 (38.13), however the sex ratio was lower in GA-1 (22.24) on pooled basis. The Ci-13 and C2-2 showed minimum count of dropped fruits at pea stage and in C2-2 it was minimum at marble stage. The weight of dropped fruits was least in C1-13 at pea and marble stage. The present study showed significant variation in fresh weight of aonla fruits. It was maximum in C1-5 (31.79 g) followed by C2-2, and GA-1. The check GA-1 recorded maximum count of fruits (1164.13) and fruit yield (26.41 kg) per quarter of tree followed by C1-5, C1-1 and NA-7. The fruits of hybrids showed marked variation in diameter, volume, juice content, pulp content, stone weight and dry pulp recovery. The C1-5 illustrated maximum vertical (3.31 cm) and horizontal (3.46 cm) diameter. A lower stone weight (2.54g) was recorded in C2-2, maximum fresh pulp weight (28.50 g) in C1-5 and highest juice volume (24.47 cc) as well as dry pulp recovery was noticed in GA-1. The findings showed that hybrid C1-5 recorded maximum TSS (17.51 %) and check GA-1 had maximum ascorbic acid (715.41 mg-100g pulp) and protein (1.08 %) during the study. The fruits of hybrid C2-3 had lower acidity percentage (1.85 %) and C1-13 had lower tannin content (2.32 %). The lowest fibre was recorded in C1-3 (2.55 %). Different heterogeneous variable of aonla had wide variation in marketable shelf life and was higher in C1-5 and GA-1 during the study. The lower per cent physiological weight loss of fresh aonla fruits was noticed in C1-5, GA-1 and C2-3 after twelve days and in C2-5, C1-5 and in GA-1 after twenty four days of harvest.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PLANTING DISTANCE AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHINA ASTER (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees) Cv. "Kamini"(AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, KETULKUMAR KACHARABHAI; Patel, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at college Nursery of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2003-04 with the objects to study the response of different levels of planting distance and nitrogen on growth and flowering of China aster Cv. 'Kamini' with 9 treatment combinations in Factorial Randomized Block Design which was replicated thrice, considering three levels of planting distance (30 x 10 cm, 30 x 20 cm and 30 x 30 cm) and three levels of nitrogen (100,200 and 300 kg/ha). The wider planting distance D3 (30 x 30 cm, 1,11,111 plants/ha) exerted the greatest influence on various growth parameters such as number of branches (31.00). Further, the wider planting distance also recorded maximum fresh weight of individual flower (1.83 g), number of flowers per plant (32.48), flower diameter (4.89 cm) and length of flower stalk (27.23 cm), minimum number of days required for first flowering (95.99 days), 50 % flowering (112.62 days) and increased nitrogen content of leaf (1.98 %). However, due to low plant density the widest planting distance had produced lowest flower yield (6.82 t/ha). On the other hand, the closest planting distance D1 (30 X 10 cm, 3,33,333 plants/ha) recorded the higher value for some of growth parameter such as plant height (55.54 cm) and lower value for individual flower diameter (4.47 cm) because of high plant density but same treatment has produced the maximum flower yield of 15.00 t/ha. An application of higher dose of nitrogen (300 kg/ha) produced maximum plant height. (54.16 cm) and number of branches (30.39). Further, it also recorded the maximum fresh weight of individual flower (1.96 g). number of flowers per plant (35.19), flower yield per plant (69.77 g) and flower yield per hectare (13.08 t/ha). This treatment also recorded minimum number of days taken for first flowering (97.92 days) and 50 % flowering (111.06 days). It also increased nitrogen content of leaf (2.41 %) as compared to lower levels (100 and 200 kg/ha). The optimum dose of nitrogen (200 kg/ha) gave maximum vase life of flowers (8.00 days). The interaction effect between different levels of planting distance and nitrogen were found to be significant on weight of individual flower, number of flowers per plant, flower yield per plant and per hectare. Treatment combination D3N3 (30 x 30 cm and 300 kg N/ha) produced highest weight of individual flower (2.23 g), number of flowers per plant (40.40) and flower yield per plant (90.71 g). However, the treatment combination D1N3 (30 X 10 cm and 300 kg N/ha) produced highest flower yield per hectare (18.83 t/ha). Finally, in commercially cultivated China aster crop Cv. Kamini grown at narrow planting distance (30 x 10 cm) alongwith adequate supply of nitrogen (300 kg/ha) could be recommended for highest flower production under Gujarat conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CABBAGE (Brassica Oleracea var. capitata L.) CV. 'GOLDEN ACRE' UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2005) SOLANKI, RAKESHKUMAR DASHRATHBHAI; PATEL, H. C.The present investigation entitled "Effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of cabbage {Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) cv. 'Golden Acre' under middle Gujarat agro-climatic conditions" was conducted during the year 2004-05 at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. A field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatment combinations and three replications consisting of different levels of nitrogen along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Azospirillum + Azotobacter. The recommended dose of N (200 kg ha-1) was taken as control. The results revealed that treatment Tg (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) gave significantly the highest plant height (32.07 cm) and fresh weight of plant (1608.00 g), which was followed by treatment T, (Recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 200kg/ha (control)). Treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum + Azotobacter) also gave the highest number of leaves per plant (19.95) and plant spread (2260.20 cm2) and they were at par with the treatments T1 (Recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 200 kg/ha (control)), T2 (175 kg N ha-1 + Azospirillum) T5 (175 kg N ha-1 + Azotobcter) and treatment T9 (150 kg N ha-1 Azospirillum +Azotobacter). However, dry weight of plant was found to be non-significant. Treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) recorded the highest average weight of cabbage head (1321.88 g), diameter of cabbage head (15.50 cm), volume of cabbage head (1293.65 cm3), yield per net plot (22.29 kg), yield per hectare (364.10 q) and minimum days to 50% head formation (43.33), and it was at par with treatment T1 (Recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 200 kg/ha (control)). In quality aspects, head compactness (86.06 %) was significantly influenced by Treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) but it was at par with treatment T1 (Recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 200 kg/ha (control)). However, moisture percent in cabbage head was found to be non-significant. Looking to the economics of various treatments, it is revealed that treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) recorded the highest net realization (Rs.62, 195 ha-1) as well as highest cost benefit ratio (1:3.15) and it was followed by treatment T1 (Recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 200 kg/ha (control)) i.e.1: 2.90. In nutshell, it can be concluded from the present study that the treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) recorded the highest values in growth, yield and quality attributes. Though, treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) recorded higher values in all the characters, which was at par with T1 (Recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 200 kg/ha (control)). Thus, it would be appropriate to use treatment T8 (175 kg N ha-1+ Azospirillum +Azotobacter) for potential yield and better quality of cabbage cv. 'Golden acre' as it reduces the use of nitrogen 25 per cent by using biofertilizers without adversely affecting on growth, yield and quality parameters as well as economic return.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF Fe' AND Zn' ON GROWTH, FLOWERING AND YIELD OF CHINA ASTER (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees)(AAU, Anand, 2005) Rajput, Sandip Govind; Joshi, K. I.The present investigation entitled "Effect of foliar application of 'Fe' and 'Zn' on growth, flowering and yield of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees)" was carried at College Nursery of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the rabbi season of 2004 - 05. The treatments comprising two micronutrients viz., FeS04 (@ 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%) and ZnS04 (@ 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%) each sprayed at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting along with control were tried in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that application of ZnS04 @ 0.5% (Tg) at an interval of 30, 45, and 60 days after transplanting produced significantly maximum plant height (62.48cm), plant spread (24.53cm East-West direction and 26.72cm North-South direction), and number of branches (22.40) per plant. The next best treatment was FeS04 @ 0.4% (T3), which recorded significantly maximum number of leaves (396.79) per plant at maturity stage and required significantly minimum days for emergence of first flower bud (61.97) and for full opening of first flower (82.13) as compared to control (70.75 and 91.11 days, respectively). Treatment ZnS04 @ 0.5% (T8) recorded significantly maximum flower stalk length (28.43cm) followed by treatment FeS04 @ 0.4% (26.84cm) as compared to control (21.29cm), however effect on flower diameter was non significant. The treatment of ZnS04 @ 0.5% (T8) recorded the significantly the highest number of flowers (63.24) and weight of flowers (164.42 g) per plant as well as flower yield (182.69q) per hectare as compared to control. The next best treatments was FeS04 @ 0.4% (T3), also gave significantly higher values for number, weight and yield of flowers as compared to control and remained at par with T§ treatment. The application of ZnS04 @ 0.5% (T8) and FeS04 @ 0.4% (T3) produced flowers with significantly maximum vase life 9.53 days and 9.47 days, respectively as compared to 7.40 days in control. In case of shelf life differences were found not significant.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L). Taub) CV. PUSA NAVBAHAR IN MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2005) Patel, Sanjaykumar Rameshchandra; Patel, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Kharif season of the year 2004 with the objectives of studying the "Effects of Biofertilizers and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Vegetable Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoJoba (L). Taub) cv. Pusa Navbahar" with ten treatments in a Randomized Block Design, which are replicated three rimes. The results indicated that the growth and yield parameters were significantly affected by different biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. The treatment T9 (25 kg N/ha + 50 kg P2O5/ha + Rhizobium + PSB inoculation) recorded significantly the highest plant height (56.48 cm), (151.85 cm) at 50 % flowering and at harvest, respectively. The treatment T9 had also recorded highest RGR i.e. 0.06 and 0.04 g/g/day) at 45 DAS and 75 DAS, respectively. Different yield parameters vi%., emergence of first flower, days to 50 % flowering per plot, green pod yield per plant, per net plot and per hectare were found to be significant with different combinations of bio fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. The treatment T9 (25 kg N/ha + 50 kg P2O5/ha Rhizobium + PSB) recorded the minimum days for emergence of first flower (30.33 days), which was found at par with treatments T3 and T6. Further this treatment had also recorded minimum days taken for 50 % flowering (38.00 days) followed by treatment T3. The significantly maximum no. of pods per cluster (11.04), maximum no. of clusters per plant (19.72) was also recorded under treatment T9 which was followed by treatments T3, T8, T6 and T2 respectively. Further maximum pod length (13.03 cm) was obtained under T9, which was followed by treatment T3. The green pod yield per plant (396.00 g) per net plot (9.05 kg) and per hectare (22.88 t) were found significantly maximum under the treatment T8 which was followed by T3, T6 and T8, respectively. The maximum net realization of Rs. 51291 per hectare was recorded with the treatment. T9 (25 kg N/ha + 50 kg P2O5/ha + Rhizobium + PSB) with highest C.B.R. (1 : 2.28) as compared to rest of the treatments. Results obtained from this investigation, it is reveled that the seeds of cluster bean should be inoculated with Rhizobium and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) along with the application of 25 kg N ha-1 and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 for getting maximum green pod yield and net profit for vegetable purpose cluster bean under middle Gujarat agro-climatic condition.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND FLOWER YIELD OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat)(AAU, Anand, 2005) CHAUHAN, PARIN ARVINDBHAI; PATEL, H. C.An experiment on "Effect of biofertilizers and chemical nitrogenous fertilizer on growth and flower yield of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morofolium Ramat)" was conducted at College Nursery of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the winter season of 2004 - 05. The treatments comprising two biofertilizers (Azospirillum and Azotobacter) and three nitrogen doses (200, 170, 150 kg N/ha) including control (recommended dose) were tried in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that 175 kg N/ha + Azotobacter + Azospirillum (T9) produced significantly maximum plant height at first flower picking (70.93 cm), number of branches per plant (6.29) and plant spread (24.20 cm2) followed by 200 kg N/ha + Azotobacter + Azospirillum (T8). The plants under the treatment T9 (175 kg N/ha + Azotobacter + Azospirillum) required significantly minimum days for appearance of first flower bud (85.47 days), it was followed by treatment T8. Treatment T9 produced maximum number of flowers per plant (44.51) and also recorded maximum flower diameter (7.18 cm) as well as weight of individual flower (3.11 g) followed by treatment T8. Significantly the highest flower yield per plant (110.33 g) as well as per hectare (11.76 t) was recorded in treatment T9 and followed by treatment T8, (102.33 g) and (10.841) flower yield per plant and hectare, respectively. The treatment T7 (150 kg N/ha Azospirillum) produced flowers with maximum vase life (15.25 days), keeping life with pedicel (12.0 days) and keeping life without pedicel (7.72 days). The treatment T9 (175 kg N/ha Azotobacter + Azospirillum) recorded the highest net realization (75153 Rs / ha) as well as highest cost benefit ratio (1:2.77) and saved 25 percent nitrogen.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF GA3 ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, YIELD AND VASE LIFE OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) CULTIVARS(AAU, Anand, 2005) PALIWAL, TRIPTI; PATEL, H. C.A field experiment was carried out at the College Nursery, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Kharif to Rabi season of the year 2004-05 to study the "Effect of GA3 on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cultivars". Nine treatment combinations comprised of three cultivars of chrysanthemum (V1: 'IIHR-6', V2: 'Shyamal' and V3: 'Sharad Mala') and three levels of gibberellic acid (G0: Control, G1: 75 ppm GA3 and G2: 150 ppm GA3) were tried in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated three times. The results revealed that among the three cultivars, the cultivar 'IIHR-6' was the tallest (68.08 cm at 90 DAT) and gave maximum number of suckers per plant (18.47), whereas maximum number of branches per plant (18.83 at 90 DAT) was observed in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' and maximum plant spread (37.88 and 36.79 cm in N-S and E-W directions) was achieved by the cultivar 'Shyamal'. The cultivar 'Sharad Mala' was early cultivar which required minimum days to flower bud appearance (46.96 days), to first flowering (88.20 days) and for full blooming (114.86 days) after transplanting, while the cultivar 'IIHR-6' was right time flowering cultivar and the cultivar 'Shyamal' was late cultivar. The duration of flowering was also found maximum in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' (67.04 days). Number of flowers per plant (104.65) flower yield per plant (119.80 g) and flower yield per hectare (12.64 t) were found maximum in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' and minimum in the cultivar 'Shyamal' i.e., 30.03 flowers per plant, 91.28 g flower yield per plant and 10.01 t flower yield per hectare. Flower quality parameters like, flower diameter (6.89 cm) and individual flower weight (3.05 g) were found maximum in the cultivar 'IIHR-6', while maximum length of flower stalk (14.42 cm) was found in the cultivar 'Shyamal'. Shelf life of flowers without pedicel was found maximum in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' (8.36 days), whereas shelf life of flowers with pedicel (9.96 days) and vase life of flowers (12.29 days) were found maximum in the cultivar 'Shyamal'. Looking to the economics of the three different cultivars, the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' recorded maximum net realization (Rs. 73,088 ha-1) with the highest C. B. R. (1:2.37) followed by the cultivar 'IIHR-6' with net realization (Rs. 65,888 ha-1) and C.B.R. (1:2.24). The results revealed that the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) produced significantly maximum plant height (65.71 cm at 90 DAT), number of branches per plant (16.78 at 90 DAT), plant spread (34.43 and 33.39 cm in N-S and E-W directions) and number of suckers per plant (18.98) in chrysanthemum. The plants under the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) required significantly minimum days for flower bud appearance (60.16 days), for first flowering (96.57 days) and for full blooming (115.49 days) after transplanting. Maximum duration of flowering (67.29 days) was also recorded under the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) produced significantly maximum number of flowers per plant (67.55) and flower yield per plant (119.80 g). Maximum flower yield per hectare (12.77 t/ha) was obtained under the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3), which was found at par with the treatment G1 (75 ppm GA3). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) also recorded maximum flower diameter (6.35 cm) as well as length of flower stalk (13.39 cm) which was found at par with the treatment G1 (75 ppm GA3), while individual flower weight was found maximum (2.63 g) under the treatment G1 (75 ppm GA3) which was found at par with the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) produced flowers with maximum shelf life without pedicel (8.22 days), shelf life with pedicel (10.53 days) and vase life (12.90 days). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) also recorded the highest net realization (70,821 Rs./ha) as well as the highest C. B. R (1:2.25). The interactions between the different cultivars of chrysanthemum and various levels of GA3 were found significant for the number of branches per plant at 90 DAT and the individual flower weight. Results revealed that the treatment combination V3G2 (Cultivar 'Sharad Mala' with 150 ppm GA3) produced significantly higher number of branches per plant (24.60 at 90 DAT) as compared to rest of the treatment combinations. While the treatment combination V1G1 (Cultivar 'IIHR-6' with 75 ppm GA3) gave the highest individual flower weight (3.39 g), which was found at par with the treatment combinations V1G2 (Cultivar 'IIHR-6' with 150 ppm GA3) which gave 3.15 g individual flower weight and V2G1 (Cultivar 'Shayamal' with 75 ppm GA3) which gave 3.13 g individual flower weight and significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. 'S - 49' UNDER CENTRAL GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC CONDITION(AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, AJAYKUMAR BABULAL; JOSHI, K. I.The present investigation entitled "Effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. 'S-49' under Central Gujarat agro-climatic condition" was conducted during Kharif 2004-05 at the Horticultural Research Farm of Horticulture Department, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. A field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatment combinations and three replications consisting of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus along with Azospirillum, VAM and Azospirillum + VAM. The result revealed that treatment T8 (75 kg N ha-1 + 37.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Azospirillum + VAM) produced significantly maximum number of branches plant-1 and plant height, which is followed by treatment T2 (75 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Azospirillum) and treatment T5 (100 kg N ha-1 + 37.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 + VAM) in number of branches at 2nd and 4th picking. While in case of plant height treatment T8 was at par with T2, T5, and T1 (100 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P2O5 ha-1). It was also observed that treatment T8 registered minimum days taken for 50 per cent flowering, maximum yield per plant, yield per plot, yield per hectare, which is followed by treatment T2 and T5. Further, the maximum total numbers of fruit per plant was obtained under T8, which was followed by treatment T2 and T9 (50 kg N ha-1 + 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 ' + Azospirillum + VAM). The maximum fruit length and girth was observed under the treatment T8, which is followed by treatment T2 for length of fruit at 2nd and 4th picking and for fruit girth T2, T5 and T1, was at par at 2nd and 4th picking. However, initialplant stand at the time of 50 per cent flowering and final plant stand at harvest were found to be non significant. Looking to the finit quality aspects the highest TSS, capsaicin and acidity were recorded in treatment T8 followed by treatments T2, T9, T1, and T3 (50 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Azospirillum) for TSS, T2, T9 and T1 for capsaicin content and T2, T9, and T5 for acidity. as, moisture percentage which was found to be non significant. The economics of the various treatment combinations revealed that treatment T8 recorded the highest net realization as well as the highest cost benefit ratio as compared to rest of treatments. From the forgoing results, it can be concluded that, the seedlings should be inoculated with Azospirillum and soil application of VAM along with the application of 75 kg N ha-1, 37.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 gave the superior vegetative growth, higher fruit yield with good quality and net profit for vegetable purpose chilli under Central Gujarat agro-climatic condition.ThesisItem Open Access Variability and Stability in Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.)(AAU, Anand, 2005) PANDYA, PURVI NILESHCHANDRA; Khimani, R. A.Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) is a well known purgative in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicine and has been included in Indian, British and many other pharmacopoeias of the world. Senna is native to Saudi Arabia. However, it has been cultivated as a seasonal crop in Tinnevelly and Ramnathpuram districts of Tamil Nadu and hence known in the trade as 'Tinnevelly Senna'. It has established its own position in the international market. The leaves and pods are the economic parts containing sennosides; which are responsible for the laxative properties. As the work on genetic parameter is scarce in literature, the present investigation was undertaken to generate information on genetic variability and stability in Senna. The investigation was carried out during 2002-04 in three different environments viz., kharif-rabi 2002-03 (E1),summer -kharif 2003 (E2) and kharifrabi 2003-04 (E3) with 18 Senna genotypes. Each experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at B. A. College of Agriculture, A.A.U., Anand. The data were collected on plant height at 90.120 and 150 days after sowing, branches per plant, days to flowering, racemes per plant, flowers per raceme, days to pod set, pods per raceme, leaves per plant, fresh leaf yield per plant at 90,120 and 150 days after sowing, dry leaf yield per plant at 90,120 and 150 days after sowing, total fresh leaf yield per plant, total dry leaf yield per plant, fresh pod yield per plant, dry pod yield per plant, 100 seed weight and sennoside content in the leaves at 90, 120 and 150 days after sowing. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters in each environment studied. The characters, plant height at 90, 120 and 150 days after sowing, racemes per plant, leaves per plant, fresh and dry leaf yield per plant at 90, 120 and 150 days after sowing, fresh and dry pod yield per plant, 100 seed weight and sennoside content in the leaves at 90,120 and 150 days after sowing showed pre dominance of genotypic variance in total variance suggesting that genotypic factors were mainly responsible for trait deviation. Racemes per plant, leaves per plant, fresh leaf yield per plant at 90 and 150 days after sowing, fresh and dry pod yield per plant showed higher GCV values coupled with higher heritability estimates which suggested enough potential for exploiting these traits for improvement as these can be fixed. For information regarding stability aspects, the same characters were studied and data were analyzed using the methodology suggested by Eberhart and Russell (1966). The result revealed significant G x E interaction for all the characters except days to pod set. The regression analysis revealed that the linear component of G x E interaction was significant for plant height at 90 days after sowing, racemes per plant, fresh and dry pod yield per plant and sennoside content in the leaves at 90 and 150 days after sowing. While non- linear component (pooled deviation) was significant for all the traits except sennoside content in the leaves at 90 days after sowing. The linear component was predominant for plant height at 90 days after sowing, racemes per plant, fresh and dry pod yield per plant and sennoside content in the leaves at 90 and 150 days after sowing suggesting that performance of genotypes could be predicted on these basis across the environments with greater precision. The genotype(s) which showed stable and superior performance for the trait(s) in association with adaptability to all the environments were Radhanpur, Tutikom, and Rajasthan for plant height at 90 days after sowing, Tutikom for plant height at 120 days after sowing, Bhiloda for branches per plant, Sona for days to flowering, Vadgam for leaves per plant, Tutikom and Sona for fresh leaf yield per plant at 120 days after sowing, TN-1 for dry leaf yield per plant at 120 days after sowing, Radhanpur and Vadgam for 100 seed weight, Vadgam and Tutikom for sermoside content in the leaves at 90 days after sowing, Dantiwada for sennoside content in the leaves at 120 days after sowing and Anjar for sennoside content in the leaves at 150 days after sowing. The genotype Vadgam was found superior and stable for 3 characters (number of leaves per plant, 100 seed weight and sennoside content in the leaves at 90 DAS) in association with suitability to grow in all environments. Similarly Tutikom was found stable and superior for 4 characters (plant height at 90 and 120 DAS, fresh leaf yield per plant and sennoside content in the leaves at 90 DAS). Hence, these two genotypes can be selected for further crop improvement programme. Whereas, for poor environment, Kukma was found stable for fresh leaf yield at 150 DAS, dry leaf yield at 120 and 150 DAS and for dry pod yield. Hence, this genotype can be selected for developing a variety for poor environment.