EFFECT OF GA3 ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, YIELD AND VASE LIFE OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) CULTIVARS
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Date
2005
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the College Nursery, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Kharif to Rabi season of the year 2004-05 to study the "Effect of GA3 on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cultivars". Nine treatment combinations comprised of three cultivars of chrysanthemum (V1: 'IIHR-6', V2: 'Shyamal' and V3: 'Sharad Mala') and three levels of gibberellic acid (G0: Control, G1: 75 ppm GA3 and G2: 150 ppm GA3) were tried in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated three times. The results revealed that among the three cultivars, the cultivar 'IIHR-6' was the tallest (68.08 cm at 90 DAT) and gave maximum number of suckers per plant (18.47), whereas maximum number of branches per plant (18.83 at 90 DAT) was observed in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' and maximum plant spread (37.88 and 36.79 cm in N-S and E-W directions) was achieved by the cultivar 'Shyamal'. The cultivar 'Sharad Mala' was early cultivar which required minimum days to flower bud appearance (46.96 days), to first flowering (88.20 days) and for full blooming (114.86 days) after transplanting, while the cultivar 'IIHR-6' was right time flowering cultivar and the cultivar 'Shyamal' was late cultivar. The duration of flowering was also found maximum in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' (67.04 days). Number of flowers per plant (104.65) flower yield per plant (119.80 g) and flower yield per hectare (12.64 t) were found maximum in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' and minimum in the cultivar 'Shyamal' i.e., 30.03 flowers per plant, 91.28 g flower yield per plant and 10.01 t flower yield per hectare. Flower quality parameters like, flower diameter (6.89 cm) and individual flower weight (3.05 g) were found maximum in the cultivar 'IIHR-6', while maximum length of flower stalk (14.42 cm) was found in the cultivar 'Shyamal'. Shelf life of flowers without pedicel was found maximum in the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' (8.36 days), whereas shelf life of flowers with pedicel (9.96 days) and vase life of flowers (12.29 days) were found maximum in the cultivar 'Shyamal'. Looking to the economics of the three different cultivars, the cultivar 'Sharad Mala' recorded maximum net realization (Rs. 73,088 ha-1) with the highest C. B. R. (1:2.37) followed by the cultivar 'IIHR-6' with net realization (Rs. 65,888 ha-1) and C.B.R. (1:2.24). The results revealed that the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) produced significantly maximum plant height (65.71 cm at 90 DAT), number of branches per plant (16.78 at 90 DAT), plant spread (34.43 and 33.39 cm in N-S and E-W directions) and number of suckers per plant (18.98) in chrysanthemum. The plants under the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) required significantly minimum days for flower bud appearance (60.16 days), for first flowering (96.57 days) and for full blooming (115.49 days) after transplanting. Maximum duration of flowering (67.29 days) was also recorded under the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) produced significantly maximum number of flowers per plant (67.55) and flower yield per plant (119.80 g). Maximum flower yield per hectare (12.77 t/ha) was obtained under the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3), which was found at par with the treatment G1 (75 ppm GA3). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) also recorded maximum flower diameter (6.35 cm) as well as length of flower stalk (13.39 cm) which was found at par with the treatment G1 (75 ppm GA3), while individual flower weight was found maximum (2.63 g) under the treatment G1 (75 ppm GA3) which was found at par with the treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) produced flowers with maximum shelf life without pedicel (8.22 days), shelf life with pedicel (10.53 days) and vase life (12.90 days). The treatment G2 (150 ppm GA3) also recorded the highest net realization (70,821 Rs./ha) as well as the highest C. B. R (1:2.25). The interactions between the different cultivars of chrysanthemum and various levels of GA3 were found significant for the number of branches per plant at 90 DAT and the individual flower weight. Results revealed that the treatment combination V3G2 (Cultivar 'Sharad Mala' with 150 ppm GA3) produced significantly higher number of branches per plant (24.60 at 90 DAT) as compared to rest of the treatment combinations. While the treatment combination V1G1 (Cultivar 'IIHR-6' with 75 ppm GA3) gave the highest individual flower weight (3.39 g), which was found at par with the treatment combinations V1G2 (Cultivar 'IIHR-6' with 150 ppm GA3) which gave 3.15 g individual flower weight and V2G1 (Cultivar 'Shayamal' with 75 ppm GA3) which gave 3.13 g individual flower weight and significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations.
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HORTICULTURE, AGRICULTURE, A STUDY