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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    NUTRACEUTICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex. Poir)
    (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) Zala Dimpalben M.; Dr. J. J. Dhruv
    Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir.) belongs to the family cucurbitaceae having somatic chromosome number 2n = 40. It is warm season crop. The centre of origin of pumpkin is Northem Mexico and southwestern and eastern USA. The genus cucurbita includes five domesticated varieties Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita pepo from which three; Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbita maxima D. and Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir. are very important globally both economically and for human consumption.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEED KERNEL BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SSR BASED DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) VARIETIES
    (Department of Biochemistry B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2019) Sneha Dineshbhai Patel; Dr. N. J. Patel
    The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important tropical fruit with worldwide acceptance, extensive marketing, vast production, wide distribution, and benefits to human health. Mango wastes, such as the seed kernel and peel, have high functional and nutritional potential. We describe the composition of the mango seed kernel, which is analyzed from a critical point of view regarding the proper use of this waste product and the possibility of monetizing it for nutritional and environmental purposes
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT ON BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS, GUM QUALITY AND STUDY OF GALACTOMANNAN IN CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) GENOTYPES
    (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) Adbhai Anuja Rameshchand; Dr. J. G. Talati
    Cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. 2n = 14] is an important vegetable crop locally known as “guar”. The name guar is derived from Sanskrit word “Gau & ahar” which means food for cow. Cluster bean gum (Galactomannan) is a high molecular weight carbohydrate polymer made up of a large number of mannose and galactose unit linked together. Guar gum is being used in various industries like pharmaceuticals, food, petroleum and paper etc. Various properties of gum are important for selection like mannose: galactose (M:G) ratio, viscosity and rheological properties which can be affect by abiotic stress. The present experiments were carried out to study effect of drought on various morphological, biochemical, gum quality and molecular parameters in cluster bean genotypes.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT IN RELATION TO PHYTIC ACID GENE DURING SEED DEVELOPMENT
    (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2018) Sodhaparmar Harshadkumar R.; Dr. N. J. Patel
    Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the leading food crop of world farming and occupies a significant position among the cultivated cereals, it is an, staple food for the one third of the world's population. India is the second largest producer of wheat after China and it is one of the major important food crops next to rice in India. More than 60 per cent of daily requirement of protein and calories met through wheat. The present investigation was carried out with an aim to comparison of T. aestivum and T. durum through their nutritional, antinutritional factors and study of the candidate genes responsible for phytic acid in wheat and through RT-PCR.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEOMICS STUDY DURING ROOT KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita) INFECTION IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Vyomesh Shailesh Patel; Dr. Y. M. Shukla
    Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., 2n=2x=24) is an important vegetable for human consumption because of its enriched nutritional composition that provide the basic body nutritional requirements. In recent years, it has attracted the attention due to the anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant property of lycopene and ascorbic acid. Tomato (S. lycopersicum L.) is affected by various diseases caused mainly by fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) found to be very fatal infective agents and cause severe yield loses. The present investigation was undertaken to enhance understanding regarding the molecular and biochemical changes that takes place in the tomato seedlings under root knot biotic stress. Better understanding about the exact mechanism of plant response towards such biotic stress can help to improve screening strategies for the selection of resistant cultivars. Two tomato cultivars AT 3 (Susceptible) and SL 120 (Resistant) grown under sterile and root knot nematode (3000 J2 stage larvae per plant) inoculated soil were used for differential gene expression and proteomics study during root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection in tomato (S. lycopersicum L.).
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) GENOTYPES THROUGH BIOCHEMICAL AND SSR MARKERS FOR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
    (Department of Biocheistry B. A. College of Agriculture Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2017) Chaudhari kalyani K; Dr. N. J. Patel
    The present experiment on “Characterization of soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes through biochemical and SSR markers for nutritional quality” was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agriculture University. Seeds of forty genotypes were procured from Directorate of soybean research, Indore and Agriculture research station Amreli, Junagadh Agriculture University for characterization of biochemical and nutritional quality. These genotypes were screened through analysis of proximate composition for various biochemical parameters, protein profile, isoflavone, glycinin and βconglycinin, lipoxygenase isozymes, amino acid and fatty acid profile and SSR analysis.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL PROFILES OF SURTI GOATS DURING SUMMER AND WINTER SEASON UNDER INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
    (2016) Vasava Amritaben A.; Dr. A. M. Pande
    The study entitled, “Physiological, Biochemical and Hormonal Profiles of Surti Goats during Summer and Winter Season under Intensive Production System” was conducted on eight adult apparently healthy Surti goats with the objective to determine the seasonal variations in different physiological responses, biochemical constituents, hormonal profiles and antioxidant status. The meteorological variables like temperature and relative humidity were recorded for calculation of THI on daily basis at 7.30 a.m. & 2.30 p.m. during experimental period. Meteorological data for last 10 years from year 2004 to 2014 collected from the observatory for estimation of THI. All Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, and skin temperature measured daily at 7.30 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. throughout the study period. Blood samples were collected from the Surti goats at weekly interval during experimental period for various biochemical analyses.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF COLD-INDUCED SWEETENING IN POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) VARIETIES DURING STORAGE
    (AAU, Anand, 2014) GALANI, YAMDEU JOSEPH HUBERT; TALATI, J. G.
    Potato (Solatium tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop, the most important non-grain food crop and one of the most essential basic vegetable worldwide as well as in Indian subcontinent. After harvest, potatoes are stored in cold storage to provide round the year supply to markets and consumers. But during storage at cold temperatures, many cultivars accumulate free reducing sugars derived from breakdown of starch to sucrose that is ultimately cleaved by acid invertase to produce glucose and fructose in a metabolic process known as cold-induced sweetening (CIS). Understanding the basis of CIS in potato tubers is of interest not only in basic research on plant adaptation to environmental stress but also in applied research, since high amounts of reducing sugars adversely affect the quality of processed food products. Investigations were carried out to characterize at biochemical and molecular levels the CIS in 11 potato varieties namely DSP 287, DSP 186, Kufri Surya, K. Chipsona-3, K. Sutlej, K. Sadabahar, K. Jyoti, K. Lauvkar, K. Himsona, K. Bahar and K. Badshah stored at 3 different temperatures viz., room temperature (25-32°C), incubator (15°C) and cold storage (4°C). Samples, collected every 15 days intervals for 105 days storage were analyzed for different parameters associated with carbohydrate metabolism on one side, and antioxidant capacity on the other side. Analysis of carbohydrate dynamics showed that low temperature storage negligibly influenced dry matter, starch and maltose contents of tubers, but a significant increase in reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, fructose, glucose, hexoses:sucrose ratio and a decrease of sucrose content were observed at 4°C as compared to room temperature. A strong positive correlation was found between reducing sugars and total soluble sugars, and between fructose and glucose. Additionally, important shrinkage and sprouting of tubers was observed at 15°C, they were less intense at room temperature, and no any shrinkage and sprouting occurred on tubers stored at 4°C. The potato varieties also appeared to be suitable for processing immediately after harvest or short storage at room temperature. The activity of β-amylase was considerably increased by storage at low temperature, and a weak correlation with starch content indicated an important role of other enzymes in starch degradation while absence of maltose accumulation with increased β-amylase activity implied a possible significant activity of maltase in potato tubers. Acid invertase activity drastically rose at low temperature and strongly paralleled reducing sugars, glucose, fructose and hexoses:sucrose ratio. Moreover, as acid invertase activity increased, sucrose content decreased, indicating the essential role of acid invertase in development of CIS. The above findings allowed to group the 11 potato varieties into low to high sugar-forming groups and thereby select K. Jyoti as CIS-tolerant and K. Badshah as CIS-susceptible. Banding pattern of both native and denaturated proteins of potato tubers could not clearly discriminate the varieties. Zymograms of p-amylase revealed differentially induced bands at low storage temperatures, which might justify the observed increase of enzyme activity. Screening of the 11 potato varieties with 10 SSR primers detected a total of 42 alleles arranged in 44 different configurations, among which 37 alleles (88%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content value of the SSR locus ranged from 0.473 to 0.787 thus indicating a high utility of these markers for study of genetic diversity in potato. The dendrogram derived from Dice's similarity coefficients among the 11 varieties could partially but efficiently differentiate close parents and sugar-forming groups. Differential gene expression analysis showed that during storage expression of vacuolar acid invertase gene StvacINV1 and p-amylase gene BAMl increased at low temperature and their transcripts were more expressed in the CIS-tolerant variety than the CIS-sensitive. Expression of invertase inhibitor gene INH2a however was higher in the CIS-tolerant variety than the CIS-sensitive. Correlating StvacINVl and INH2a expressions with reducing sugar content and acid invertase activity established that post-translational regulation of acid invertase by the invertase inhibitor protein could be an important component of resistance to CIS. Besides, correlation between BAM1 expression and (β-amylase activity affirmed the hypothesis of several enzymes and pathways involved in starch degradation during cold storage of potato. Analysis of antioxidant capacity parameters revealed that low temperature storage greatly influenced vitamin C content as well as the phenolic content. During storage, both parameters initially increased, then a fluctuated decline was observed but until the last day of observation, they remained above the initial level. Phenolic acids profiling by UPLC identified 12 compounds among which the most abundant was chlorogenic acid followed by gallic acid, sinapic acid and ellagic acid which is reported for the first time, while trans-cinnamic acid was the lowest. Except paracoumaric acid which decreased at 4°C, all the phenolic acids increased with storage among which sinapic acid and feruhc acid appeared to be most enhanced. Correlation analysis showed that gallic acid, caffeic acid. chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid significantly contributed to total phenolic content. Evaluation of antioxidant activity showed a close relationship between DPPH and ABTS methods. Antioxidant activity estimated by both the methods increased up to 60 days storage then at 90 days, they dropped to a level comparable or lower than the original value, irrespective of the storage temperature. Correlation study revealed that chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid mostly contributed to antioxidant activity. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase both increased initially but then decreased to values lower than the initial level and were not influenced by storage temperature. Correlation with antioxidant activity indicated that the enhancement of reactive oxygen scavenging species in tubers could result mainly from ascorbate peroxidase activity. Isoforms of the two enzymes showed interesting polymorphism and changes in bands intensity as well as differential induction or suppression of bands during storage. However, isozymes of ascorbate peroxidase showed higher similarity and better discrimination of the varieties. Although a clear relationship between CIS and antioxidant capacity was not established, nevertheless it appeared that low sugar-forming varieties K. Jyoti, K. Himsona and K. Surya were also having high antioxidant capacity whereas K. Chipsona-3 and K. Bahar both high sugarforming had low antioxidant capacity. Hence, it is not unreasonable to suggest that antioxidant capacity of potato tubers should be taken into account in development of CIS-resistant varieties. Nonetheless, additional evidences are needed to confirm this suggestion as well as there is an urgent need to develop new varieties capable to cope with this cold stress.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of benzyladenine on biochemical changes in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings during induced drought stress
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) AHIRE, SHAILESH VAMANRAO; TALATI, J. G.
    Investigations were carried out at Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the biochemical and physiological characterizations of two maize genotypes (resistant and susceptible) procured from Main Maize Research Station, Godhra and benzyladanine treatment given to seed followed by artificial drought at 15 days after sowing. Various biochemical and physiological parameters, isozymes study, protein analysis through SDS-PAGE and SSR analysis were analyzed. Biochemical analysis was carried out for moisture, total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, true protein, total chlorophylls, proline and free amino acids and various isozymes viz., peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, protein characterization through electrophoresis and SSR. Total chlorophylls, true protein and moisture content were decreased while total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, proline and free amino acids content were increased in both the genotypes due to drought stress. Application of BA (25 ppm) could be increased in all biochemical and physiological parameters for improved biochemical content in both genotypes. The moisture content was found minimum in resistant over susceptible genotype, however rest of the parameters were found higher in resistant as compared to susceptible genotype' in all the treatments. Due to drought stress length and weight of root, shoot were decreased in maize seedhngs of both the genotypes. However, resistant genotype showed better performance in higher root-shoot length and weight than susceptible genotype under drought stress conditions, through treatment benzyladenine was higher root-shoot length and weight in resistant and susceptible genotypes, which might be useful for biochemical study of resistant and susceptible genotypes under drought stress. SDS PAGE maize protein revealed the presence of maximum number of bands in susceptible genotype over resistant. Presence of bands with Rm value 0.26, 0.35, 0.46 and 0.48 only in 25 ppm BA soaked seed treatment, while 0.28 and 0.49 in 25 ppm BA + 10 % PEG treatment in resistant genotype. However, presence of bands with Rm value 0.53 in 10 % PEG treatment, while 0.58 and 0.63 observed in 25 ppm BA + 20 % PEG treatment in susceptible genotype. Based on banding pattern, the result suggested that protein banding profiling could be observed in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Different enzyme activities viz.,(peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and their isozyme differs in both the genotypes at different treatments and showed significant differences and provide useful information of resistant and susceptible changes in maize seedlings and for further isozymes studies at 15 DAS, benzyladenine showed better performance in POX and PPO activity in maize seedlings. Isozyme electrophoresis of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were found to be differentiation for resistant and susceptible maize seedlings. For SSR analysis, total 4 primers were screened. Genetic variation was observed by resistant (CM-500) and susceptible (GYC-9327) genotype. Therefore specific gene presence or absence observed in resistant and susceptible maize seedlings, while resistant and susceptible genotypes found polymorphic allele. On the basis of present studies it could be concluded that, biochemical and physiological parameters, isozyme activities and electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and SSR offer potentially simple, rapid and reliable techniques for biochemical study in resistant and susceptible maize seedlings and chemical treatment of benzyladenine was superior observed in maize seedlings.