Loading...
Thumbnail Image

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 26
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    SALICYLIC ACID-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AGAINST ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita) IN CHICKPEA, Cicer arietinum (L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 2002) ARUNA, K. V. S.; TALATI, J. G.
    Investigations were carried out at the Departments of Biochemistry and Nematology, B.A.College of Agriculture, G.A.U., Anand during rabi 2001-2002, to study the effect of exogenous salicylic acid on the induction of resistance through biochemical changes in chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.) against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Study on development of PR proteins by exogenous SA revealed that SA applied as seed treatment was found to be more effective in inducing PR proteins in chickpea seedlings compared to foliar spray or their combinations. Another experiment was conducted to study the effect of SA on different resistance inducing biochemical parameters viz., sugars, amino acids, proteins, phenols and enzymes using three methods of SA application viz., seed treatment, seed treatment + spray and foliar spray. The results conclusively proved that although the application of SA in all the three methods, effectively enhanced production of all biochemical parameters under study in chickpea. However, seed treatments produced more significant effects than the other treatments. Among the different concentrations used under each method of application, 1500 ppm was more effective followed by 1000 ppm and 500 ppm. This implies that resistance in plant against M. incognita increases with increase in concentration of SA, irrespective of the method of application. Enzyme activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase increased more at later stages of growth (45 & 60 DAS) in contrast to enzyme activities of phenylalanine amonia lyase (PAL), Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) and β-glucosidase in the initial growth stages (30 & 45 DAS). Total soluble sugars decreased with increase in plant age whereas free amino acids, proteins and phenols increased with plant age. No isozymes of peroxidase were detected in both root and leaves due to the SA treatments. All these biochemical changes brought about by the application of SA induced resistance in chickpea against M. incognita which was observed by a decrease in the root-knot index. The third experiment organized to study the effect of SA in inducing resistance at two inoculum levels of M. incognita, showed no significant variation in total phenols and enzyme activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase with increase in the inoculum level. The decrease in the root-knot index due to the SA treatments was more at lower inoculum level (1000 J2/plant) than at higher inoculum level (10,000 J2/pIant). All the three experiments conclusively proved that exogenous SA induced plant defence mechanism in chickpea by various biochemical changes which effects the life cycle and development of M. incognita.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GROUNDNUT LEAF AT ITS EARLY GROWTH STAGES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH FINAL YIELD
    (AAU, Anand, 1985) BHATT, VIRENDRA M.; CHAKRABORTY, M. K.
    Experiments were conducted to evaluate the chemical composition of groundnut leaf at its early growth stages and to correlate leaf-chemistry with groundnut yield. Two types of groundnut plants were investigated for that purpose. Observation were made for kharif and summer groundnut crop. Level of most of the constituents were found to decrease from flowering stage to pegging stage except total sugar; sucrose, calcium and sulphar content in leaf. There was a substantial difference between the two types of groundnut plants; bunch ype generally showed higher level than spreading type excepting free amino nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and sulphur, which did not show much difference.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of benzyladenine on biochemical changes in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings during induced drought stress
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) AHIRE, SHAILESH VAMANRAO; TALATI, J. G.
    Investigations were carried out at Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the biochemical and physiological characterizations of two maize genotypes (resistant and susceptible) procured from Main Maize Research Station, Godhra and benzyladanine treatment given to seed followed by artificial drought at 15 days after sowing. Various biochemical and physiological parameters, isozymes study, protein analysis through SDS-PAGE and SSR analysis were analyzed. Biochemical analysis was carried out for moisture, total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, true protein, total chlorophylls, proline and free amino acids and various isozymes viz., peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, protein characterization through electrophoresis and SSR. Total chlorophylls, true protein and moisture content were decreased while total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, proline and free amino acids content were increased in both the genotypes due to drought stress. Application of BA (25 ppm) could be increased in all biochemical and physiological parameters for improved biochemical content in both genotypes. The moisture content was found minimum in resistant over susceptible genotype, however rest of the parameters were found higher in resistant as compared to susceptible genotype' in all the treatments. Due to drought stress length and weight of root, shoot were decreased in maize seedhngs of both the genotypes. However, resistant genotype showed better performance in higher root-shoot length and weight than susceptible genotype under drought stress conditions, through treatment benzyladenine was higher root-shoot length and weight in resistant and susceptible genotypes, which might be useful for biochemical study of resistant and susceptible genotypes under drought stress. SDS PAGE maize protein revealed the presence of maximum number of bands in susceptible genotype over resistant. Presence of bands with Rm value 0.26, 0.35, 0.46 and 0.48 only in 25 ppm BA soaked seed treatment, while 0.28 and 0.49 in 25 ppm BA + 10 % PEG treatment in resistant genotype. However, presence of bands with Rm value 0.53 in 10 % PEG treatment, while 0.58 and 0.63 observed in 25 ppm BA + 20 % PEG treatment in susceptible genotype. Based on banding pattern, the result suggested that protein banding profiling could be observed in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Different enzyme activities viz.,(peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and their isozyme differs in both the genotypes at different treatments and showed significant differences and provide useful information of resistant and susceptible changes in maize seedlings and for further isozymes studies at 15 DAS, benzyladenine showed better performance in POX and PPO activity in maize seedlings. Isozyme electrophoresis of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were found to be differentiation for resistant and susceptible maize seedlings. For SSR analysis, total 4 primers were screened. Genetic variation was observed by resistant (CM-500) and susceptible (GYC-9327) genotype. Therefore specific gene presence or absence observed in resistant and susceptible maize seedlings, while resistant and susceptible genotypes found polymorphic allele. On the basis of present studies it could be concluded that, biochemical and physiological parameters, isozyme activities and electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and SSR offer potentially simple, rapid and reliable techniques for biochemical study in resistant and susceptible maize seedlings and chemical treatment of benzyladenine was superior observed in maize seedlings.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETY IDENTIFICATION
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) SINGH, DIWAKAR; Talati, J. G.
    Investigations were carried out at the Departments of Biochemistry, Agriculture Botany & Biotechnology, B.A. College of Agriculture, A.A.U., Anand and Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, A.A.U., Anand, to study and compare biochemical techniques along with traditional techniques for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety identification. Study on morphological and chemical tests revealed that it could be useful for grouping of rice varieties/genotypes, while, modified phenol test was useful to identify all fourteen rice varieties/genotypes. Proximate analysis was carried out to study the nutritional composition of milled rice. Nutritional composition showed little variation and thus, was not useful for varietal identification. Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and ∝-amylase enzyme activity showed significant differences and could be applied for varietal identification at 5 & 10 days after germination (DAG), 10 DAG and 20 & 30 DAG respectively, while, acid phosphatase and esterase enzyme activity could not provide useful information regarding varietal identification and thus, was not found useful. Electrophoresis of peroxidase (5 & 10 DAG) and esterase (5, 10 & 20 DAG) isozymes was useful for identification of varieties as well as identification of parents and hybrid and may serve as marker isozyme for rice varieties. Similarly Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed storage protein and leaf protein (5 DAG) showed variability and could be effectively useiffor identification of rice varieties/genotypes on the basis of variations in banding pattem and intensity of bands. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) produced total 180 useful markers of which 77% were polymorphic. All fourteen varieties/genotypes were classified into three different clusters, where variety P-203 was most diverge one. Varieties could be identified on the basis of specific banding pattern. Parents and hybrid also produced differences in banding pattern and could be identified. IR 58025 A line could also be differentiated from its B line on the basis of differences in banding pattern. All the tests conclusively proved that RAPD, SDS-PAGE and isozyme electrophoresis offer a potentially quick, simple, rapid and reliable method for rice varieties/genotypes identification and recognition of lines. Modified phenol test also proved to be rapid and cheap laboratory chemical test for identification of rice varieties, whereas, other chemical and morphological tests can supplement for varietal identification. RAPD and SDS-PAGE were more useful than isozyme electrophoresis because potential number of loci warn more compared to isozymes.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF THYROID HORMONE DEFICIENCY ON NEURONS AND GLIA BULK-ISOLATED FROM RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX
    (AAU, Anand, 1983) MEHTA, BELA; Anonymous
    Abstract not Available
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING SEED DEVELOPMENT OF SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY METHODS AND SCHEDULES OF IRRIGATION
    (AAU, Anand, 1996) Momin, Rafik A.; BHATNAGAR, RAMESH
    The present investigation was carried out to study the biochemical changes during different stages of seed development of safflower as influenced by different methods and schedules of irrigation during winter season at Anand under middle Gujarat conditions. This region represents a sub-tropical climate and soil is sandy loam in texture of alluvial origin. Sixteen treatments comprising all possible combinations of two methods viz., furrow (M1) and flood irrigation (M2) and eight schedules of irrigation viz., no irrigation (I0), irrigation at branching (I1), irrigation at flowering (I2 ), irrigation at seed development (I3), two irrigations each at branching and flowering (I4 ) , two irrigations each at branching and seed development (I5), two irrigation each at flowering and seed development (I6) and three irrigations each at branching, flowering and seed development stages (I7) were tried in a Factorial Randomised Block Design. The seed samples were drawn at 15, 30 and 45 days after flowering (DAF) analysing the quality parameters viz., seed moisture content, 100-seed weight, protein content, fibre content, total lipid content, lipid profile and fatty acid composition of total lipids in safflower seed. The moisture content of the seed and unit weight of fresh seed decreased, whereas unit weight of dry seed increased with the advancement in the seed maturity. Methods of irrigation (furrow and flood) did not bring significant variations either in moisture content or unit weight of fresh or dry seeds. However, crop irrigated at branching and flowering stages recorded the highest moisture content at 15 DAF, but unit weight was the highest when crop was irrigated at all the three critical stages (branching, flowering and seed development) of crop growth. Protein content in defatted meal increased upto 30 DAF and thereafter decreased upto maturity (45 DAF). But crude fibre content decreased with concomitant progress in the seed maturity. The methods of irrigation had no impact on protein and crude fibre contents of seed. Irrigations at the critical stages of crop growth had also given higher protein content at 30 DAF and lower at 45 DAF. Imposition of the stress at all the critical stages of crop growth gave maximum value for crude fibre content of seed. However, in case of flood irrigation, irrigating crop at the branching stage gave the highest crude fibre.Total lipids, triacylglycerol (TG), oleic acid and linoleic acid contents increased, whereas Sn- 1,2(2,3)diacylglycerol (DG), monoacylglycerol (MG), polax lipids (PL) and palmitic acid contents decreased with the progress in the seed maturity. Significant differences were observed in total lipids, TG, DG, PL and linoleic acid contents due to different methods of irrigation. Irrigation at the critical stages of crop growth gave higher total lipids, free fatty acids (FFA), DG, PL, palmitic acid and oleic acid contents, while stress at these critical stages gave higher TG, MG (at 15 DAF) and linoleic acid contents. The results of the present investigation reveal that crop irrigated by the furrow method at flowering and seed development stages gave the best quality oil as judged from linoleic acid content of seed oil. However, maximum quantity of total lipids was found when crop was irrigated at all the three critical stages of crop growth by furrow method.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    METABOLIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH LITTLE LEAF DISEASE IN EGG PLANT (Solanum melongena L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 1992) Vora, N. D.; CHAKRABORTY, M. K.
    Two varieties of brinjal (Egg plant, Solanum nelongena L.), viz., PN-1 and Morvl 4-2 and their F1 cross were under study to investigate the metabolic changes due to little leaf disease infection in them, and to locate possible biochemical factors that may be responsible for differential susceptibility to disease aaong the varieties. Before onset of disease, laoisture, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, sugar, starch, amino acid, protein, DM, RNA, peroxidase arul PPO activity were higher in resistant variety - PN-l and F1 cross as conpared to susceptible variety Morvi 4-2; phenol and glycoalkloid content were higher in Morvi 4-2 than PN-1 and F1. At peak stage o£ the disease, there was great reduction in moisture, chlorophyll, anthocyanln, sugar, peroxidase activity and glycoalkloid concentration in the susceptible brinjal variety - Morvi 4-2, but amino acid, DNA and RNA had increased. PPO activity reduced at 3rd stage only. PN-1 showed significant increase in peroxidase activity, PPO activity and glycoalkloid content after disease infection. Unlike the susceptible variety and F. cross, were anthocyanln was sharply reduced at this stage, the pigment concentration aaintained a steady state at peak disease period in PN-1. Other constituents showed normall reduction trend. The reduction in protein content was more or less sioilar in all the varieties after disease infection. Fruits of variety PN-1 with high sugar content and low phenol and glycoalkloid content proved better than Morvt 4-2 and F1 from quality viewpoint.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF HOST PARASITE INTERACTION IN ROOT KNOT NEMATODE RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE CROP PLANTS
    (AAU, Anand, 1986) SHUKLA, Y. M.; Chakraborty, M. K.
    Investigations were carried out at the Bidi Tobacco Research Station and the Department of Biochemistry and Nematology, B. A. College of Agricultural, Anand, during 1985-86 to study the biochemical aspects of host parasite interaction in root-knot resistant type crop plants. The study revealed that resistant plants had lower hatching response but higher nematicidal effect in their root exudates. Sugars and phenolies in root exudates showed indeterminate effect on resistance mechanism, but amino acids had some apparent influence in that cystine was characteristics of resistant variety, but it was absent in susceptible form. Higher level of phenols and polyphenol and enzyme activity like peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were characteristic of resistant variety in sterilized soil.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) CZERN & COSS] GENOTYPES
    (AAU, Anand, 2014) CHAUDHARY, JYOTSANABEN NARSINHBHAI; Y. M., Shukla
    Brassica is an agriculturally important genus containing species with highly diverse morphology and wide ranging utility. Brassica juncea L. is an important oil seed crop which belongs to family Brassicaceae. Brassicajuncea is one of the major sources of oil in the subcontinent for centuries. To improve quality and quantity of Brassica spp., the presence of sufficient genetic diversity is very important for quality, quantity and utilization of oil in human nutrition. Improvements in molecular marker technology offer a potential tool for the efficiency and affordability of variety testing. In the present study, quality of seed was tested using different qualitative tests. Biochemical markers namely isozymes (Peroxidase and Esterase), SDS-PAGE protein and molecular markers viz., SSR, ISSR were used to study the polymorphism amongst different cultivars of Indian mustard. The moisture percentage of all cultivars was found in the ranged of 3.93-10.02%. Oil content in genotype SKM 9033 showed highest oil and RAYAD- 9602 showed lowest oil. Protein content and true protein in mustard cuhivars ranged from 27.90-33.69% and 10.75-20.01%, respectively. Sinigrin content in mustard cultivars found in the range of 2.49-46.80 nmole/g. Genotype Bio-Q-44-279 had the highest sinigrin concentration 46.80 nmole/g and SKM-9033 had the lowest sinigrin concentration 2.49 ^mole/g. Isozyme pattern of peroxidase and esterase generated significant correlation amongst the clusters. Electrophoresis of seed protein showed a total 28 bands in mustard genotypes and the intensity of the bands varied among all the genotypes. Simple Sequence Repeats amplification of mustard genomic DNA using 8 primers generated 252 scorable bands with average of 31 bands per primer. Percent polymorphism ranged from 33.33% (BRMS-08) to 100%. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.37 (BRMS-06) to 0.83 (BRMS-07). The similarity coefficient of all mustard cuhivars ranged between 0.036 to 0.947. This result indicated existence of genetic variation occurred among different genotypes. Clustering pattern of dendrogram generated by using the pooled SSR data formed two major clusters viz. having similarity coefficient of 0.39 to 0.94. It indicated genetic variability among the different genotypes. Cophenetic correlation was found r = 0.89, reflecting very good fit of the dendrogram. Both Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were efficient to assess genetic diversity within species of mustard. Dendrogram obtained from both markers showed two major clusters A and B. Cophenetic correlation were r = 0.89 for SSR and for ISSR r = 0.85, reflecting very good fit for dendrograms. SSR and ISSR showed average polymorphism of 82.91% and 96.02%, respectively. It showed that ISSR was more polymorphic than that of SSR. Cophenetic correlation of both SSR and ISSR similarity matrices were r = 0.80, suggested suitable fit for cluster analysis. From these results it could be concluded that clusters produced by SSR and ISSR were conserved and were highly correlated with each other. The resuUs showed that, ISSR was more informative than SSR in assessing genetic diversity of mustard genotypes.